移动电源的组成,移动电源的内部结构-KIA MOS管

移动电源的组成

移动电源是一种便携式(shi)储能(neng)充电设(she)备，组(zu)成包括(kuo)三大(da)部分：

电芯（储能部分）

电芯是移(yi)动电源的能量存储(chu)核心，主要分为两类：

聚合物(wu)锂电芯：采用铝塑软(ruan)包装，具有容量大、重量轻、形状可(ke)定制(zhi)（可(ke)适应不同外(wai)观设计）的特点，安(an)全(quan)性较(jiao)高(gao)且内阻小（可(ke)低于35mΩ），电(dian)能利用(yong)率(lv)更(geng)高(gao)。

18650锂电芯：圆柱(zhu)形钢铝壳(qiao)电池（直径18mm，高度65mm），单节(jie)容(rong)(rong)量通(tong)常为(wei)2000-3000mAh，技(ji)术成(cheng)熟且成(cheng)本较低(di)，但需多节(jie)串联以提升容(rong)(rong)量。注：早期(qi)还有镍(nie)氢(qing)电池，但目前(qian)已较少使用(yong)。

电路板（控制部分）

电路板(ban)负(fu)责电能(neng)转(zhuan)换与(yu)安全管理，包(bao)含以(yi)下关键功能(neng)：

升(sheng)压系统：将电芯的3.7V电压升(sheng)至5V输出（通过(guo)DC-DC转换），转换效率一般为80%-85%，高质(zhi)量产品可(ke)达90%。

充(chong)电管理(li)系(xi)统：防止过充(chong)、过放、短路等风险，确保电池安全。

其他功能：如电(dian)量显示、温度保护(hu)（通(tong)过热敏元件(jian)或(huo)PTC电(dian)阻）等(deng)。

外壳（结构部分）

外(wai)壳材质通常为塑(su)胶、铝(lv)合金或陶瓷，主(zhu)要作用包(bao)括：

保护内部元件免受物理损伤(shang)。

散热(re)设计（部分高端产品会(hui)加入(ru)散热(re)结构）。

外观设计适配用户便(bian)携需求(qiu)（如轻薄(bo)化或防摔设计）。

移动电源的组成部件

移动电(dian)源(yuan)主要是由转换电(dian)路板、电(dian)芯、连接结构、外壳(qiao)，和(he)一(yi)些安全(quan)传感器(qi)组成(cheng)的。

转换电路板：

移动电源,组成,结构

使(shi)用移动电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源时(shi)看(kan)到的(de)输(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)输(shu)(shu)出接口、电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源按键、电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)显示(shi)装置(zhi)一般均集(ji)成在转换电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路板上；在转换板内(nei)部(bu)有(you)着输(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)输(shu)(shu)出IC、电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池组(zu)保护板（MOS+检流电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻+电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源管理IC）、主控单片机以及若干稳压稳流的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感和电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容，部(bu)分快(kuai)充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源还会有(you)协议(yi)识别芯(xin)片等(deng)。转换电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路板承(cheng)担着电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)输(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)和从电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)输(shu)(shu)出时(shi)的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压转换任务，同时(shi)监控着电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压避(bi)免过充过放，是(shi)移动电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源保护的(de)第一道屏障。

电芯：

移动电(dian)源的(de)(de)电(dian)芯(xin)(xin)大(da)致分为两(liang)种，一(yi)种是软(ruan)包的(de)(de)长(zhang)方形(xing)聚合物(wu)电(dian)芯(xin)(xin)，另一(yi)种是圆(yuan)(yuan)柱形(xing)电(dian)芯(xin)(xin)（常(chang)见的(de)(de)是18650电(dian)芯(xin)(xin)，另外还有26650、20650、14400等(deng)多(duo)种型号，数字(zi)决(jue)定了电(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)外观大(da)小(xiao)），两(liang)种电(dian)芯(xin)(xin)各有优劣，同种电(dian)芯(xin)(xin)也存在做(zuo)工和质量(liang)的(de)(de)区(qu)别，因(yin)此我们不能(neng)简单的(de)(de)说聚合物(wu)电(dian)芯(xin)(xin)和常(chang)规(gui)圆(yuan)(yuan)柱形(xing)电(dian)芯(xin)(xin)究竟谁更好(hao)一(yi)些。

连(lian)接结(jie)构：

连(lian)(lian)(lian)接结构主要(yao)是指(zhi)电(dian)芯(xin)与(yu)转换电(dian)路板(ban)之间的(de)连(lian)(lian)(lian)接，主流移动(dong)电(dian)源的(de)电(dian)芯(xin)-电(dian)路板(ban)连(lian)(lian)(lian)接方(fang)式主要(yao)分为导(dao)线连(lian)(lian)(lian)接和镍(nie)带(dai)连(lian)(lian)(lian)接。总的(de)来(lai)说，镍(nie)带(dai)连(lian)(lian)(lian)接的(de)稳固程度和电(dian)阻低于导(dao)线连(lian)(lian)(lian)接，相较于导(dao)线要(yao)更为安全可靠。但总的(de)来(lai)说，两种连(lian)(lian)(lian)接方(fang)式都是合(he)规的(de)，并(bing)不是说导(dao)线连(lian)(lian)(lian)接的(de)移动(dong)电(dian)源就一定是劣质(zhi)产品。

移动电源,组成,结构

外壳(qiao)：

移(yi)动电(dian)源(yuan)的外(wai)(wai)壳材(cai)质一般分为金属材(cai)质和阻燃(ran)塑料材(cai)质。两(liang)种(zhong)(zhong)材(cai)质各有优缺点：金属外(wai)(wai)壳坚固(gu)美(mei)观，难以划伤(shang)，看起来更为高(gao)端(duan)，散热性能(neng)也要(yao)更为优秀一些，但(dan)它重量偏重，同时容(rong)易划伤(shang)其他电(dian)子产品(pin)；塑料外(wai)(wai)壳外(wai)(wai)形多样(yang)，着(zhe)色多彩，廉(lian)价可靠，轻便温(wen)润，但(dan)较(jiao)容(rong)易被(bei)划伤(shang)磨(mo)损(sun)，高(gao)端(duan)程度(du)也稍显不足。当然，两(liang)种(zhong)(zhong)材(cai)质均为合(he)规的移(yi)动电(dian)源(yuan)外(wai)(wai)壳材(cai)质，安(an)全性上难分伯仲。

安全(quan)传(chuan)感器(qi)：

移动(dong)电(dian)(dian)源最主要的安全传(chuan)感(gan)器是(shi)贴(tie)附在电(dian)(dian)芯表面或夹(jia)在两个电(dian)(dian)芯之间的温(wen)度传(chuan)感(gan)器，是(shi)移动(dong)电(dian)(dian)源非常关(guan)键的一个安全结构。当电(dian)(dian)芯温(wen)度过高时，温(wen)度传(chuan)感(gan)器的存在可以使控(kong)制IC及(ji)时获取异常情况，切断电(dian)(dian)芯的所有输入输出，避免异常的进一步扩大。

移动电源,组成,结构