直流升(sheng)压(ya)(ya)电(dian)路(lu)图全集讲解(jie)-电(dian)感式的直流升(sheng)压(ya)(ya)电(dian)路(lu)详解(jie)-KIA MOS管(guan)

信息来源：本站　日期：2019-08-02　

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直流升压电路图全集讲解-电感式的直流升压电路详解

直流升压电路简介

直流(liu)(liu)升(sheng)(sheng)压(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)就是(shi)(shi)将电(dian)(dian)(dian)池提供的(de)(de)(de)较低(di)的(de)(de)(de)直流(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)，提升(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)需要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)值(zhi)，其基本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)工作过程都是(shi)(shi)：高频振荡产生低(di)压(ya)脉冲(chong)——脉冲(chong)变(bian)压(ya)器升(sheng)(sheng)压(ya)到(dao)预定(ding)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)值(zhi)——脉冲(chong)整流(liu)(liu)获得高压(ya)直流(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)，因此直流(liu)(liu)升(sheng)(sheng)压(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)属(shu)于(yu)DC/DC电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)一种(zhong)类型。

电感式的直流升压电路详解

下面是(shi)介(jie)绍电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)式的(de)直流(liu)(liu)升压电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)能够把电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能转(zhuan)化(hua)为(wei)磁能而存储起来的(de)元件，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)结构类似于变压器(qi)(qi)，但只有一个绕组。电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)具(ju)有一定的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)，它(ta)只阻碍(ai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)变化(hua)。电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路接通时电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)将(jiang)试(shi)图(tu)阻碍(ai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)过，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路断开(kai)时它(ta)将(jiang)试(shi)图(tu)维持(chi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不(bu)变。电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)又称(cheng)扼流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)、电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)等。

直流升压电路

电感(gan)的第一个特性(xing)是(shi)电磁(ci)转(zhuan)换，通电的瞬间，电会(hui)(hui)变为磁(ci)并以磁(ci)的形式储存在电感(gan)内。而断(duan)电的瞬磁(ci)会(hui)(hui)变成电，从电感(gan)中释放(fang)出来。

电(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)的(de)(de)第二个特性是升压特性，当回(hui)路断开时，电(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)内的(de)(de)能量会(hui)(hui)以高电(dian)(dian)(dian)压的(de)(de)形式变换(huan)回(hui)电(dian)(dian)(dian)。如(ru)果电(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)线圈的(de)(de)自(zi)感(gan)系数很大，自(zi)感(gan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)动势就会(hui)(hui)很大，在(zai)很大的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)势差之(zhi)间的(de)(de)空隙(xi)，会(hui)(hui)产生很强的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)场(chang)，甚至会(hui)(hui)击穿空气发生放电(dian)(dian)(dian)现(xian)象(xiang)。附近(jin)若有(you)人，会(hui)(hui)对(dui)其造成一(yi)定(ding)危险，如(ru)果附近(jin)有(you)易(yi)燃物质，就有(you)发生着(zhe)火的(de)(de)危险。

下面给出由(you)电感(gan)组成的升压电路最小系(xi)统，若(ruo)不停地搬动开(kai)关(guan)，电感(gan)两端(duan)就会感(gan)应出很高的电压，并叠加在电源(yuan)电压之上(shang)。这个开(kai)关(guan)也可以(yi)用(yong)三(san)极(ji)管(guan)实(shi)现(xian)，通过在三(san)极(ji)管(guan)的基极(ji)输(shu)入方波(bo)来控(kong)制(zhi)三(san)极(ji)管(guan)的开(kai)关(guan)，再利用(yong)二极(ji)管(guan)的单向(xiang)导电性，输(shu)出正向(xiang)或负向(xiang)高压。

直流升压电路

直流升压电路讲解

在电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)设计(ji)中(zhong)，很(hen)多元器(qi)件(如CPU)经常需(xu)要(yao)采(cai)(cai)用5V直流供电(dian)(dian)(dian)，而(er)普通电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)都(dou)是(shi)1.5V，因(yin)此当(dang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)采(cai)(cai)用电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)供电(dian)(dian)(dian)时，首先要(yao)解决的(de)就是(shi)升压(ya)降压(ya)问题。

下面(mian)给出(chu)一种低成本(ben)的(de)直(zhi)(zhi)流到(dao)直(zhi)(zhi)流(DC-DC)升(sheng)压(ya)电(dian)路(lu)，该升(sheng)压(ya)电(dian)路(lu)用DC/DC直(zhi)(zhi)流升(sheng)压(ya)变换器(E50D、TP8350)作为主(zhu)控，只需(xu)外接电(dian)感、电(dian)容、二极管等(deng)4个元(yuan)件，就能实现最低0.8V到(dao)5V的(de)升(sheng)压(ya)，整个升(sheng)压(ya)电(dian)路(lu)的(de)成本(ben)约0.5元(yuan)。

直流升压电路

5V升(sheng)压电路所需的(de)元件

直流升压电路

基(ji)于E50D/TP8350的直流(liu)升压电(dian)路原理图

其(qi)中，VIN为输(shu)入电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)，来(lai)自电(dian)(dian)(dian)池的输(shu)出，只要输(shu)入电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)高于(yu)0.8V，就能保证升压(ya)(ya)(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)正常工作，并通过VOUT输(shu)出5V电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)。升压(ya)(ya)(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的工作效率约(yue)为85%，输(shu)出电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)误差小(xiao)于(yu)2%。

升压(ya)芯片(pian)E50D的(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)频率可达 300KHz，目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)是为(wei)了(le)能(neng)够减小外部(bu)电(dian)(dian)感(gan)L1的(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)寸，该电(dian)(dian)路只需 4.7uH 以上的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)感(gan)就可以保证(zheng)正常工作(zuo)(zuo)，但考虑到负载(zai)可能(neng)需要较大的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)流，本例使用47uH、寄生(sheng)串联电(dian)(dian)阻小于0.5欧的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)感(gan)。

输入(ru)滤波(bo)电(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)CIN是为了保证输出(chu)电(dian)(dian)压稳定(ding)，由(you)是采用(yong)电(dian)(dian)池供电(dian)(dian)，而且升压电(dian)(dian)路距离(li)电(dian)(dian)池很近(jin)，所以这(zhei)里选用(yong)的(de)是1uF电(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)，即使没有输入(ru)滤波(bo)电(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)，该(gai)DC-DC 升压电(dian)(dian)路也可以输出(chu)低(di)(di)纹波(bo)、低(di)(di)噪声的(de)直流(liu)电(dian)(dian)压。

输(shu)出端电容COUT采用100uF的(de)电解(jie)电容。整流(liu)二极管D1对DC-DC升(sheng)压电路(lu)的效率影响很大，这里选用向导(dao)通(tong)电压低、反应时间(jian)快的肖特基(ji)二极管SS34。

直流升压电路-实验步骤

实验(yan)所需(xu)的全部元件

1、印刷(shua)电(dian)路(lu)板，一块

2、升压芯片(pian)TP8350/E50D，一片(pian)

3、47uH电感(gan)，一个(ge)

4、100uF电解电容，一个

5、1uF滤(lv)波(bo)电容，一个

6、5号(hao)电池盒，一个

7、电源开关，一(yi)个

直流升压电路

升压(ya)实(shi)验(yan)全部元器(qi)件

1. 焊接元器件

由于选(xuan)用(yong)的是贴片(pian)元(yuan)(yuan)件，首(shou)先需要大家把(ba)元(yuan)(yuan)件焊接(jie)在(zai)印刷电路(lu)板(ban)上，注(zhu)意元(yuan)(yuan)件的焊接(jie)顺序，以不影(ying)响后(hou)续元(yuan)(yuan)件的焊接(jie)为宜。

另外，很多(duo)元件是有方(fang)向性的(de)，比(bi)如肖(xiao)特基二极管SS34，电(dian)解电(dian)容等(deng)，不能焊接反了。贴片的(de)焊接方(fang)法，网上有很多(duo)视(shi)频教程(cheng)。

直流升压电路

电池(chi)盒不要(yao)焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)，装好电池(chi)后(hou)直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)插在印刷电路(lu)板(ban)上(shang)就行，注(zhu)意电池(chi)的(de)方向。因为这个电路(lu)板(ban)还可以焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)剩(sheng)余的(de)元件，如果现在焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)电池(chi)盒，电路(lu)板(ban)尾部USB接(jie)(jie)(jie)口处的(de)元件就不好焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)了(le)，整(zheng)个电路(lu)板(ban)建议最后(hou)焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)电池(chi)盒。

2. 插入电池盒，测试升压电路

电(dian)(dian)路焊接完成后，就可以插入电(dian)(dian)池(chi)盒，打开电(dian)(dian)源(yuan)开关(guan)，用(yong)万用(yong)表的(de)直流电(dian)(dian)压(ya)档测试排插的(de)VCC和GND处的(de)电(dian)(dian)压(ya)，应(ying)该是稳定的(de)5V，说明(ming)升压(ya)电(dian)(dian)路工作正(zheng)常。

如果升压电路不工作，一般(ban)是由于虚焊(han)(han)或者有的元件焊(han)(han)反了，请通(tong)电前仔细检(jian)查。

下图可(ke)以更明显看出升(sheng)压电路(lu)的工作情况(kuang)，其中电池部分(fen)加(jia)的是1.2V电压，整个(ge)电路(lu)可(ke)以正(zheng)常工作。

直流升压电路

直流升压电路大全

1.5V低成本LED驱动电路

直流升压电路

磁环选(xuan)用T9*5*3/2K,也可用T10*6*5等,用0.3mm漆包线双线并绕(rao)20T,按(an)图中同名端连接.TR1选(xuan)8050或(huo)9014,D1选(xuan)4937或(huo)107,PCB用一(yi)片(pian)废板自制.

一种稳压型直流升压电路

直流升压电路

该电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)可(ke)将一节1．5V的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)升压(ya)至9V,用来取代9V叠层电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用.电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)空载(zai)输(shu)人电(dian)(dian)(dian)流低于1．2mA,转换效率高达60%.该电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)由振荡(dang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)和(he)稳(wen)(wen)压(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)构(gou)成,其中(zhong)VT1、VT2、C2组成振荡(dang)器,色码电(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)L为(wei)(wei)储能(neng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan),VD2为(wei)(wei)整流二极管,C3为(wei)(wei)输(shu)出滤波(bo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)容,VT3、VD1、VD3及R2为(wei)(wei)稳(wen)(wen)定(ding)输(shu)出电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)的(de)稳(wen)(wen)压(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu).输(shu)出电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)约等(deng)于VD3的(de)稳(wen)(wen)压(ya)值.

一种利用1.2V、500mAh的镍镉电池做电源的逆变电源电路

直流升压电路

输出直流(liu)电压为9V,可供数字式(shi)万用(yong)表使用(yong).图7-72中变压器T利用(yong)15mm的(de)(de)磁环(huan)穿绕(rao)而(er)成.(元器件参数图均已标注,S为数字万用(yong)表的(de)(de)电源开关(guan).

1.5V点亮LED

直流升压电路

1.5V驱动LED的电路

R2可以减(jian)小到(dao)几千欧,这个(ge)电(dian)路元件太(tai)多,不(bu)如试试下边(bian)这个(ge),线圈的(de)圈数是(shi)我多次实验的(de)结(jie)果(guo).还有人用2个(ge)8050并(bing)联(lian)使用,据说效(xiao)果(guo)不(bu)错(cuo)。

直流升压电路