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解析充电桩中MOS管的应用-KIA MOS管

由于电(dian)动汽车(che)的(de)不断发(fa)展，也推动着相(xiang)(xiang)关产业(ye)上(shang)下游的(de)迅速崛起，如(ru)：充(chong)电(dian)桩(zhuang)、MOS管(guan)(guan)等行业(ye)，由于充(chong)电(dian)桩(zhuang)与(yu)(yu)大(da)型房(fang)地产企业(ye)、商业(ye)连锁机(ji)(ji)构(gou)、交(jiao)管(guan)(guan)局划(hua)定的(de)路边停车(che)管(guan)(guan)理(li)单(dan)位、其它具有车(che)位的(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)单(dan)位签署合作建站(zhan)及运营管(guan)(guan)理(li)协议（投资(zi)方(fang)负责投放(fang)充(chong)电(dian)站(zhan)与(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)，机(ji)(ji)构(gou)负责提供场地与(yu)(yu)保障安(an)全，充(chong)电(dian)与(yu)(yu)增(zeng)值利益双方(fang)共同(tong)分(fen)(fen)享）。与(yu)(yu)政府(fu)各(ge)有关部门（科委(wei)、科协，城建、城管(guan)(guan)，电(dian)动车(che)领导小组，经委(wei)、发(fa)改委(wei)等）或(huo)开展联营或(huo)申(shen)请资(zi)助（变相(xiang)(xiang)政策支(zhi)持(chi)）。与(yu)(yu)国(guo)家电(dian)网地方(fang)部门联营与(yu)(yu)大(da)型实力企业(ye)（中石油、中石化、基金等）的(de)地方(fang)分(fen)(fen)支(zhi)机(ji)(ji)构(gou)联营。

充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)桩其(qi)功能类(lei)似于加(jia)油(you)站(zhan)里面(mian)的(de)加(jia)油(you)机，可以固定在地面(mian)或墙壁(bi)，安装于公共建筑（公共楼宇、商场(chang)、公共停(ting)车(che)(che)场(chang)等(deng)）和(he)居民(min)小(xiao)区停(ting)车(che)(che)场(chang)或充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)内，可以根据不(bu)同的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压等(deng)级为(wei)各种型号(hao)的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)汽(qi)车(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)桩的(de)输(shu)入端(duan)与交流电(dian)(dian)(dian)网直接连(lian)接，输(shu)出端(duan)都装有充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)插头用(yong)于为(wei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)汽(qi)车(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)桩一(yi)般(ban)提供常规充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)两(liang)种充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)，人们可以使用(yong)特(te)定的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)卡在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)桩提供的(de)人机交互操作(zuo)界面(mian)上(shang)刷(shua)卡使用(yong)，进行(xing)相应的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)、充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)时间、费(fei)用(yong)数据打印(yin)等(deng)操作(zuo)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)桩显(xian)示屏能显(xian)示充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)量、费(fei)用(yong)、充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)时间等(deng)数据。

充电桩技术实现

电(dian)动汽(qi)车(che)充(chong)电(dian)桩作为电(dian)动汽(qi)车(che)的(de)能量补给(ji)装置，其充(chong)电(dian)性(xing)能关系到电(dian)池(chi)组的(de)使用(yong)寿(shou)命、充(chong)电(dian)时间。这也是消费者(zhe)在(zai)购买电(dian)动汽(qi)车(che)之(zhi)(zhi)前最(zui)为关心(xin)的(de)一个方面之(zhi)(zhi)一。实现对动力电(dian)池(chi)快速、高(gao)效、安全、合理的(de)电(dian)量补给(ji)是电(dian)动汽(qi)车(che)充(chong)电(dian)器设计的(de)基(ji)本原(yuan)则，另外(wai)，还要考虑充(chong)电(dian)器对各种动力电(dian)池(chi)的(de)适(shi)用(yong)性(xing)。

快速充电(dian)器的控(kong)制系统(tong)组成(cheng)：

采用了智能化的变脉(mai)(mai)(mai)冲充电(dian)方式，即采用充电(dian)电(dian)流脉(mai)(mai)(mai)冲，包括(kuo)充电(dian)脉(mai)(mai)(mai)冲T1间歇(xie)脉(mai)(mai)(mai)冲T2以及放(fang)电(dian)脉(mai)(mai)(mai)冲T3。

地面充电站中充电器的方案

地面充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)站中充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)方案(an)，该充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)器由一(yi)个(ge)能将(jiang)输人的(de)(de)交流电(dian)(dian)(dian)转(zhuan)换为直(zhi)流电(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)整流器和(he)一(yi)个(ge)能调节直(zhi)流电(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)率的(de)(de)地面充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)站中充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)方案(an)功(gong)率转(zhuan)换器组(zu)成(cheng)，通(tong)过把(ba)带电(dian)(dian)(dian)线的(de)(de)插头插入(ru)电(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)汽(qi)车上配套的(de)(de)插座中，直(zhi)流电(dian)(dian)(dian)能就输入(ru)蓄电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)对其(qi)充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)。

充(chong)(chong)电(dian)器(qi)设置了一个(ge)锁(suo)(suo)止(zhi)杠(gang)杆(gan)以利于插入和(he)取出插头，同时杠(gang)杆(gan)还能(neng)提供一个(ge)确定已经锁(suo)(suo)紧的信号以确保安全。根据充(chong)(chong)电(dian)器(qi)和(he)车上电(dian)池(chi)管(guan)理(li)系统相互之间的通(tong)讯，功率转换器(qi)能(neng)在线调节(jie)直流充(chong)(chong)电(dian)功率，而且充(chong)(chong)电(dian)器(qi)能(neng)显示充(chong)(chong)电(dian)电(dian)压、充(chong)(chong)电(dian)电(dian)流、充(chong)(chong)电(dian)量和(he)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)费(fei)用(yong)(yong)。这只是充(chong)(chong)电(dian)桩(zhuang)的基本原理(li)，许多细节(jie)问题都应(ying)在实际应(ying)用(yong)(yong)中不断(duan)改进，已得(de)到最便捷的使(shi)用(yong)(yong)方案。

充电(dian)桩MOS管产品特点

1、高(gao)(gao)频特(te)性(xing) 高(gao)(gao)温特(te)性(xing) 高(gao)(gao)压特(te)性(xing)

2、碳(tan)化硅(gui)器件是同(tong)等硅(gui)器件耐压的10倍

3、碳化硅肖特基(ji)管耐压可达2400V

4、碳化硅场效(xiao)应管耐压(ya)可达数万伏，且通态电阻小

充(chong)电桩-MOS管(guan)型号

在(zai)这(zhei)里没有完全列出在(zai)充电(dian)桩中(zhong)所用到的MOS管型号(hao)、参数(shu)及封装，详细了解其(qi)他型号(hao)请(qing)致电(dian)KIA

充电桩电路分析

如图所示，脉(mai)冲式全(quan)自动(dong)快速充电器电路(lu)。

220v交流市电经电源(yuan)变压(ya)器T1降压(ya)后，得(de)到(dao)(dao)的交流低电压(ya)加到(dao)(dao)VD1~VD4组成的桥式整(zheng)流电路(lu)中(zhong)，在整(zheng)流电路(lu)输出(chu)(chu)端A点得(de)到(dao)(dao)20v的脉动性直(zhi)流电压(ya)，这(zhei)一电压(ya)经过R4、C1滤波，同(tong)时经过VD5稳压(ya)后，在B点得(de)到(dao)(dao)14V的稳定直(zhi)流电压(ya)，此(ci)电压(ya)供给NE555使其振荡，并(bing)从③脚输出(chu)(chu)脉冲(chong)头朝(chao)下的矩形振荡脉冲(chong)，加到(dao)(dao)发光二极(ji)管(guan)VD7负极(ji)。

电(dian)(dian)路中，R2、C2组(zu)成振荡(dang)器的(de)定(ding)时电(dian)(dian)路，振荡(dang)脉冲(chong)从③脚输出，通过VD7和R3加到VT1基极，对VT1进行导通与截止的(de)控制。RP1在电(dian)(dian)路中起(qi)分压(ya)作(zuo)用，用来设定(ding)基准电(dian)(dian)压(ya)，即需充电(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)池组(zu)的(de)电(dian)(dian)压(ya)，一(yi)般调节(jie)后RP1动片电(dian)(dian)压(ya)比(bi)需充电(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)池组(zu)额定(ding)电(dian)(dian)压(ya)稍高一(yi)点。

提(ti)示：刚开机时，由于(yu)C2两(liang)端电(dian)(dian)压(ya)不(bu)能突变(bian)，NE555的⑥脚为低(di)电(dian)(dian)位，整流电(dian)(dian)路(lu)输(shu)出的直流电(dian)(dian)压(ya)通(tong)(tong)过(guo)R4、RP1、R1和R2对(dui)C2开始(shi)充电(dian)(dian)，此(ci)时③脚输(shu)出脉(mai)冲(chong)为低(di)电(dian)(dian)平，即③脚为低(di)电(dian)(dian)位，使发(fa)光(guang)二(er)极管VD7导通(tong)(tong)，VD7发(fa)光(guang)，指示电(dian)(dian)路(lu)正在充电(dian)(dian)。

同时(shi)，VT1因(yin)基极(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)降低而(er)导(dao)通(tong)，VT1导(dao)通(tong)后的(de)内阻(zu)很小，构成了充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路(lu)，A点的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压经过RP2和(he)饱和(he)导(dao)通(tong)的(de)VT1向电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池E1充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)回路(lu)是(shi)：电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)A点→RP2→VT1发射极(ji)→VT1集电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)→电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池E1负极(ji)→地(di)。当C2上的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压因(yin)放电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而(er)低于⑤脚(jiao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压的(de)一半(ban)时(shi)，NE555内部电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)再次被触发，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)翻(fan)(fan)转(zhuan)，⑦脚(jiao)与地(di)之间呈(cheng)开路(lu)状(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)，C2再次充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，③脚(jiao)由低电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)翻(fan)(fan)转(zhuan)成高电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)，充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)重(zhong)复(fu)刚开机时(shi)的(de)状(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)。

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