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电动自行车 MOS管
电动自行车介绍

电(dian)(dian)(dian)动自行(xing)车，是指(zhi)以蓄电(dian)(dian)(dian)池作为辅助能源在普通(tong)(tong)自行(xing)车的(de)(de)基础上，安装了电(dian)(dian)(dian)机、控制器、蓄电(dian)(dian)(dian)池、转(zhuan)把闸把等操纵部件(jian)和显示仪表系统的(de)(de)机电(dian)(dian)(dian)一体化的(de)(de)个人(ren)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)工(gong)具。

2013年(nian)“中(zhong)(zhong)国电(dian)动自(zi)行(xing)(xing)车(che)产业(ye)创新高(gao)峰论坛”数(shu)据显示，中(zhong)(zhong)国电(dian)动自(zi)行(xing)(xing)车(che)截止2013年(nian)保有量突破2亿辆，而一(yi)直处在争议之中(zhong)(zhong)的电(dian)动自(zi)行(xing)(xing)车(che)“新国标”也将(jiang)出台。新国标预计将(jiang)在电(dian)动自(zi)行(xing)(xing)车(che)行(xing)(xing)业(ye)掀起(qi)一(yi)场大的变革。

2018年1月16日，工信部修(xiu)订后的(de)《电(dian)动自行车安全(quan)技术(shu)规范》国(guo)家标准报(bao)批稿16日起面向社会(hui)公示(shi)。2018年5月16日，国(guo)家市场监(jian)督(du)管(guan)理总局、国(guo)家标准化(hua)管(guan)理委员会(hui)批准发布的(de)新修(xiu)订的(de)《电(dian)动自行车安全(quan)技术(shu)规范》。 

2018年8月(yue)25日(ri)，电(dian)(dian)动(dong)自(zi)行(xing)车(che)工业产品生产许(xu)可证管理转为实施强制性产品认证过渡期自(zi)2018年8月(yue)1日(ri)起至2019年4月(yue)14日(ri)止(zhi)。因此在(zai)电(dian)(dian)动(dong)自(zi)行(xing)车(che)上一(yi)个(ge)和重要(yao)的部(bu)件(jian)就(jiu)是MOS管，在(zai)本(ben)文会讲到电(dian)(dian)动(dong)自(zi)行(xing)车(che)所用的MOS管以及(ji)电(dian)(dian)路图详解。

电动自行车-主要部件

充电器

充(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器是(shi)给(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)补(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)装(zhuang)置，一般分二阶(jie)(jie)段(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式与三阶(jie)(jie)段(duan)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式两种。二阶(jie)(jie)段(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式：先恒(heng)压充(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)随(sui)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压的(de)上(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)逐渐减小，等电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)补(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)到一定程度以后，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压会上(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)到充(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)设(she)定值，此时转(zhuan)换为(wei)涓(juan)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。三阶(jie)(jie)段(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式：充(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)开(kai)始时，先恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，迅(xun)速给(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)补(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)能量(liang)；等电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压上(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)后转(zhuan)为(wei)恒(heng)压充(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，此时电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)能量(liang)缓慢补(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压继续上(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)；达到充(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)终止电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压值时，转(zhuan)为(wei)涓(juan)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，以保养电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和供(gong)给(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)自放电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。

电池

电(dian)池是提供电(dian)动(dong)车(che)能量的随车(che)能源，电(dian)动(dong)车(che)主要(yao)采用铅酸(suan)电(dian)池组合。另(ling)外镍氢(qing)电(dian)池与锂(li)离子电(dian)池也已在一些(xie)轻便折叠(die)电(dian)动(dong)车(che)上开(kai)始使用了。

使用(yong)提示：控制(zhi)器主控板为电(dian)动车主回路，具有较大(da)工作电(dian)流，会发出较大(da)热量。因此，电(dian)动车不要停放在阳(yang)光下曝(pu)晒，也不要长时间(jian)淋雨，以免控制(zhi)器出故障。

控制器

控制器是(shi)控制电(dian)(dian)机转速的部(bu)件，也是(shi)电(dian)(dian)动车电(dian)(dian)气(qi)(qi)系统的核心(xin)，具有欠压、限流(liu)或过流(liu)保护功(gong)能。智能型控制器还具有多种骑行模式和整车电(dian)(dian)气(qi)(qi)部(bu)件自检功(gong)能。控制器是(shi)电(dian)(dian)动车能量管理与各(ge)种控制信号处理的核心(xin)部(bu)件。

转把、闸把

转(zhuan)把、闸把等是控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)的(de)信(xin)号(hao)输入部(bu)件(jian)。转(zhuan)把信(xin)号(hao)是电(dian)(dian)动车(che)电(dian)(dian)机旋(xuan)转(zhuan)的(de)驱动信(xin)号(hao)。闸把信(xin)号(hao)是当(dang)电(dian)(dian)动车(che)刹(cha)车(che)时，闸把内部(bu)电(dian)(dian)子电(dian)(dian)路输出(chu)给控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)的(de)一个(ge)(ge)电(dian)(dian)信(xin)号(hao)；控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)接收到这个(ge)(ge)信(xin)号(hao)后(hou)，就(jiu)会切断(duan)对(dui)电(dian)(dian)机的(de)供(gong)电(dian)(dian)，从而实现刹(cha)车(che)断(duan)电(dian)(dian)功能。

助力传感器

助(zhu)力(li)(li)传(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)是当(dang)电(dian)(dian)动(dong)车处于助(zhu)力(li)(li)状态是检测(ce)骑(qi)行脚(jiao)(jiao)蹬力(li)(li)回脚(jiao)(jiao)蹬速度信号的(de)装置。控制器(qi)(qi)根据电(dian)(dian)驱动(dong)功率，以达到人力(li)(li)与(yu)电(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)自(zi)动(dong)匹(pi)配(pei)，共(gong)同驱动(dong)电(dian)(dian)动(dong)车旋转(zhuan)。目前最潮流的(de)助(zhu)力(li)(li)传(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)是中轴双边(bian)力(li)(li)矩传(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)，其(qi)产(chan)品特点是能够(gou)采(cai)集(ji)左右两边(bian)的(de)脚(jiao)(jiao)踏力(li)(li)，并采(cai)用非接触式电(dian)(dian)磁信号采(cai)集(ji)方式，从(cong)而提高(gao)了信号采(cai)集(ji)的(de)精(jing)确(que)性(xing)和可靠性(xing)。

电机

电(dian)动(dong)自(zi)(zi)行(xing)(xing)车(che)(che)最重要(yao)的(de)配(pei)件是电(dian)机(ji)(ji)，一辆(liang)电(dian)动(dong)自(zi)(zi)行(xing)(xing)车(che)(che)的(de)电(dian)机(ji)(ji)基本(ben)决定了这辆(liang)车(che)(che)的(de)性能和档次。电(dian)动(dong)自(zi)(zi)行(xing)(xing)车(che)(che)所使(shi)用的(de)电(dian)机(ji)(ji)大(da)都是高效(xiao)稀土永磁电(dian)机(ji)(ji)，其中主要(yao)又分高速有刷齿+轮减(jian)速电(dian)机(ji)(ji)、低速有刷电(dian)机(ji)(ji)和低速无刷电(dian)机(ji)(ji)三种。

电(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)是将电(dian)池电(dian)能转换机(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)能，驱(qu)动电(dian)动车轮(lun)旋转的(de)部件。在电(dian)动车上(shang)使用的(de)电(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)，其机(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)结构、转速范围与通(tong)电(dian)形式(shi)上(shang)有(you)许多种。常(chang)见(jian)的(de)有(you)：有(you)刷(shua)有(you)齿轮(lun)毂(gu)(gu)电(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)、有(you)刷(shua)无(wu)齿轮(lun)毂(gu)(gu)电(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)、无(wu)刷(shua)无(wu)齿轮(lun)毂(gu)(gu)电(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)、无(wu)刷(shua)有(you)齿轮(lun)毂(gu)(gu)电(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)、高(gao)磁盘电(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)、侧挂电(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)等。

灯具、仪表

灯(deng)具(ju)(ju)、仪(yi)表(biao)部(bu)分是提(ti)供(gong)(gong)照明并显(xian)示(shi)电(dian)动车(che)(che)状态的部(bu)件组合(he)。仪(yi)表(biao)一(yi)般(ban)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)电(dian)池(chi)电(dian)压显(xian)示(shi)、整车(che)(che)速度显(xian)示(shi)、骑行状态显(xian)示(shi)、灯(deng)具(ju)(ju)状态显(xian)示(shi)等。智(zhi)能型仪(yi)表(biao)还能显(xian)示(shi)整车(che)(che)各(ge)电(dian)气部(bu)件的故障情况。

常见构造

多数电(dian)(dian)动自(zi)行(xing)(xing)车(che)是(shi)采用轮(lun)毂式(shi)电(dian)(dian)机直接驱(qu)动前(qian)轮(lun)或后(hou)轮(lun)旋转的。这(zhei)些轮(lun)毂式(shi)电(dian)(dian)机根据输出速度的不同(tong)(tong)，分别与(yu)不同(tong)(tong)轮(lun)径(jing)的车(che)轮(lun)配合(he)，用以驱(qu)动整车(che)行(xing)(xing)驶，速度可达20km/h。虽然这(zhei)些电(dian)(dian)动车(che)的造型(xing)与(yu)电(dian)(dian)池的安装(zhuang)位(wei)置不尽相同(tong)(tong)，但是(shi)其(qi)驱(qu)动与(yu)控制原理存(cun)在(zai)共性。这(zhei)类电(dian)(dian)动自(zi)行(xing)(xing)车(che)是(shi)电(dian)(dian)动车(che)产品(pin)中的主(zhu)流。

特殊构造的电动自行车

少量电动车(che)采(cai)用(yong)非(fei)轮毂(gu)式(shi)电机(ji)(ji)驱(qu)动。这(zhei)些(xie)电动车(che)采(cai)用(yong)侧(ce)挂(gua)式(shi)或者柱状电机(ji)(ji)、中置式(shi)电机(ji)(ji)、摩擦轮胎电机(ji)(ji)。一般(ban)采(cai)用(yong)这(zhei)种电机(ji)(ji)驱(qu)动的(de)电动车(che)，其整车(che)重量会有所降(jiang)低(di)，电机(ji)(ji)效(xiao)率(lv)比(bi)(bi)轮毂(gu)式(shi)效(xiao)率(lv)更低(di)。在同样电池能量的(de)情(qing)况下，使用(yong)这(zhei)些(xie)电机(ji)(ji)的(de)整车(che)一般(ban)会比(bi)(bi)轮毂(gu)式(shi)整车(che)续行里程缩(suo)短5%-10%。

电动自行车MOS管应用方案
电动自行车MOS管生产厂家

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电动自行车MOS管选型及参数参考资料

电动自行车电路图

(一）电动自行车48v-500W电路图

（二）电动自行车电路图

（三）电动自行车电路图

（四）中功率zys电动自行车电路图

电路图识读的要领及应注意的问题

识(shi)读电动自(zi)行(xing)车(che)电路图是(shi)分析电路工(gong)作原理和判断故(gu)障大(da)概部位(wei)的(de)基础，如果不从电路原理上掌握其连(lian)线规律，则阅读和诊断电路故(gu)障就会比较困难(nan)，因(yin)此，识(shi)读电动自(zi)行(xing)车(che)电路图的(de)要领和技巧对初学者有较大(da)的(de)指(zhi)导意义。

1. 识读电(dian)动自行车电(dian)路(lu)图应注意的问(wen)题

( 1) 认真读几(ji)遍图注在(zai)阅(yue)读电路图时，必须认真阅(yue)读图注。这样可(ke)以大致了解(jie)电路的组成及特点(dian)。

( 2) 先易后难

有些(xie)电(dian)(dian)动(dong)自行车电(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)图(tu)的某(mou)些(xie)局部(bu)电(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)，或(huo)局部(bu)电(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中的某(mou)些(xie)部(bu)分可能比较复杂，一(yi)(yi)时难以读懂，可以暂时放一(yi)(yi)放，待其他局部(bu)电(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)看懂后，再结(jie)合与该(gai)电(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)有关的信(xin)息(xi)，进一(yi)(yi)步(bu)识读这部(bu)分电(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)。

( 3) 熟(shu)悉电(dian)动(dong)自(zi)行车电(dian)路(lu)图形符号

电(dian)动(dong)自行车电(dian)路(lu)图(tu)是利用(yong)电(dian)路(lu)图(tu)形(xing)符号(hao)来表(biao)示其构(gou)成和工(gong)作原(yuan)理的。因(yin)此，必须(xu)熟悉(xi)电(dian)路(lu)图(tu)形(xing)符号(hao)的含(han)义，才(cai)能看懂电(dian)路(lu)图(tu)。

( 4) 了解电(dian)气装置(zhi)在电(dian)路图(tu)中的布置(zhi)

在电(dian)气(qi)系统中，有大量电(dian)气(qi)装(zhuang)置(zhi)是机电(dian)合一的，如(ru)各(ge)种继电(dian)器，这(zhei)些电(dian)器装(zhuang)置(zhi)在电(dian)路图上表(biao)示时，为做到使画(hua)面既(ji)简单，又便于识图，大多采用“集中表(biao)示法”或“分开(kai)表(biao)示法”来反映电(dian)路的连接情况。

( 5) 了解(jie)开关、继电器的初始状态

在电(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)图中，各种开(kai)(kai)关(guan)、继(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)器(qi)都是按(an)初始(shi)位(wei)置(zhi)画出的(de)，如(ru)按(an)钮(niu)未(wei)按(an)下(xia)，开(kai)(kai)关(guan)未(wei)接通(tong)(tong)，继(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)器(qi)线圈(quan)未(wei)通(tong)(tong)电(dian)(dian)，其(qi)触(chu)点(dian)未(wei)闭(bi)合(常(chang)开(kai)(kai)触(chu)点(dian))或(huo)未(wei)打开(kai)(kai)(常(chang)闭(bi)触(chu)点(dian))，这种状态(tai)称为(wei)原(yuan)始(shi)状态(tai)。但(dan)看(kan)图时，不能完全(quan)按(an)原(yuan)始(shi)状态(tai)分析(xi)，否则很难(nan)理解电(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)所表达的(de)工(gong)作原(yuan)理。因为(wei)大多数用电(dian)(dian)设备都是通(tong)(tong)过开(kai)(kai)关(guan)、按(an)钮(niu)、继(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)器(qi)触(chu)点(dian)的(de)变(bian)化而改(gai)变(bian)回路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)，进而实现不同(tong)的(de)电(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)功(gong)能。

( 6) 掌握回路原(yuan)则

一(yi)个具有(you)某种功能的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)动自行车(che)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)由(you)(you)电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)正(zheng)极(ji)通过安全装置(熔(rong)断器或易熔(rong)线(xian))、控制(zhi)装置（开(kai)关或继(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)器触点)、用(yong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)设(she)备及相应的(de)线(xian)路(lu)组(zu)成(cheng)。“回(hui)(hui)(hui)路(lu)分析法(fa)”就是(shi)(shi)分析电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)通路(lu)情(qing)况(kuang)。回(hui)(hui)(hui)路(lu)原则在电(dian)(dian)(dian)动自行车(che)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)上的(de)具体(ti)形式是(shi)(shi)：电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)正(zheng)极(ji)→导线(xian)→开(kai)关→用(yong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)器→搭铁→同一(yi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)负(fu)极(ji)，才能构(gou)成(cheng)回(hui)(hui)(hui)路(lu)。这样的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)才是(shi)(shi)正(zheng)确的(de)，否则就是(shi)(shi)读错(cuo)了(le)或查(cha)错(cuo)了(le)。电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)必(bi)须(xu)从电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)正(zheng)极(ji)出发，经过熔(rong)断丝、开(kai)关、导线(xian)等到达用(yong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)设(she)备，再经过导线(xian)(或搭铁)回(hui)(hui)(hui)到电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)负(fu)极(ji)。具体(ti)方法(fa)是(shi)(shi)：从沿着(zhe)工作电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)流(liu)(liu)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，由(you)(you)电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)查(cha)用(yong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)设(she)备；也可逆着(zhe)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，由(you)(you)用(yong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)设(she)备查(cha)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。尤其是(shi)(shi)查(cha)寻一(yi)些不太熟悉的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，后者(zhe)比前者(zhe)更为方便。

必(bi)须注意的是，在上述查找过程中，要特(te)别(bie)注意以下两点：

①从(cong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源正(zheng)极出(chu)发，经某用电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(或再经其他用电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器)，最后又回到(dao)同一(yi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的正(zheng)极，由于电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位差(电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压)仅存在于电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的正(zheng)负极之间，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的同一(yi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极是等电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位的，没有电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压。这种“从(cong)正(zheng)到(dao)正(zheng)”的途径是不会产生电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的。

②读图时，电(dian)流流向必须(xu)是(shi)从(cong)电(dian)源(yuan)的(de)正极(ji)(ji)出发(fa)，回到(dao)电(dian)源(yuan)的(de)负极(ji)(ji)，而不可随意(yi)指定(ding)其流向。如有(you)时从(cong)电(dian)源(yuan)正极(ji)(ji)出发(fa)，经(jing)用(yong)电(dian)器回到(dao)同一电(dian)源(yuan)的(de)负极(ji)(ji) (这(zhei)是(shi)正确的(de))；有(you)时又从(cong)电(dian)源(yuan)的(de)负极(ji)(ji)出发(fa)，经(jing)用(yong)电(dian)器回到(dao)电(dian)源(yuan)的(de)正极(ji)(ji)，这(zhei)样虽然(ran)构成了回路，却因电(dian)流方向错(cuo)误，容易(yi)在某些线圈与磁路中(zhong)引(yin)出错(cuo)误的(de)结论，可能使元器件损(sun)坏。

（7) 熟悉(xi)电动自行车电器的结构

熟(shu)悉(xi)电动自行车(che)电器及(ji)控(kong)制装置的结构原(yuan)理，对(dui)分析(xi)电气系(xi)统的电路原(yuan)理，理解线路的连接关系(xi)及(ji)电路故(gu)障的诊断(duan)与(yu)排除都是很重要的。

联系方式：邹先生

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