利盈娱乐(中国)创新平台有限公司

三端稳压管，主要有两种，一种输出电压是固定的，称为固定输出三端稳压管，另(ling)一种输出(chu)电(dian)压(ya)是可(ke)调的(de)，称为可(ke)调输出(chu)三端(duan)稳(wen)压(ya)管(guan)。固(gu)定三端(duan)稳(wen)压(ya)器属于(yu)串联型稳(wen)压(ya)电(dian)路(lu)，因此它(ta)的(de)原理等(deng)同于(yu)串联型稳(wen)压(ya)电(dian)路(lu)。

其中(zhong)R1、Rp、R2组成的(de)分压(ya)器是取样电(dian)(dian)(dian)路，从输出(chu)端(duan)取出(chu)部分电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)UB2作为取样电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)加(jia)至三(san)极管T2的(de)基极。Dz以其稳定电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)Uz作为基准电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)，加(jia)在(zai)T2的(de)发射极上。R3是稳压(ya)管的(de)限流电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)。三极(ji)(ji)管(guan)T2组(zu)成比较(jiao)放大电(dian)(dian)路(lu)，它(ta)将取样电(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)UB2与基准电(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)Uz加以比较(jiao)和放大，再去控(kong)制(zhi)三极(ji)(ji)管(guan)T1的(de)(de)基极(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)位(wei)。输入电(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)Ui加在三极(ji)(ji)管(guan)T1与负(fu)载RL相串(chuan)联(lian)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)路(lu)上，因此，改变T1集电(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)间的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)降UCE1便可调节RL两端的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)Uo。也就是说，稳压电路的输出电压Uo可以(yi)通(tong)过三极管(guan)T1加(jia)以(yi)调节，所以(yi)T1称为调整管(guan)。由于调整元件是晶体管管，而且在电(dian)路中(zhong)与负载(zai)相串联，故(gu)称为晶体管串联(lian)型稳压电(dian)路。

电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻R4和T1的基极(ji)偏(pian)置电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，也是T2的集电(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)负(fu)载电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻。当(dang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)网电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)降低或负(fu)载电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻减(jian)小而使输出端电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)有所下降时，其(qi)取样电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)UB2相应减(jian)小，T2基极(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)位下降。但因T2发射极(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)位既稳压管的(de)稳定Uz保持(chi)(chi)不变，所(suo)以发(fa)射极(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)UBE2减小，导(dao)致T2集(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)减小而(er)集(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)位Uc2升(sheng)高(gao)。由于放大(da)管T2的集(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)与调整(zheng)管T1的基(ji)极(ji)(ji)接(jie)在一起，故T1基(ji)极(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)位升(sheng)高(gao)，导(dao)致集(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)而(er)管压(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)UCE1减小。因为T1与RL串联(lian)，所(suo)以，输(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)Uo基(ji)本(ben)不变。同(tong)理,当(dang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)网电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)或负(fu)载发(fa)生变化(hua)引起输(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)Uo增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)时，通过(guo)取样、比较(jiao)放大(da)、调整(zheng)等(deng)过(guo)程，将使(shi)调整(zheng)调整(zheng)管的管压(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)UCE1增(zeng)(zeng)加，结(jie)果抑制(zhi)了(le)输(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)端(duan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)的增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)，输(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)仍基(ji)本(ben)保持(chi)(chi)不变。

调节电位器Rp，可对(dui)输出(chu)电压进行微(wei)调。调整(zheng)管T1与负载电阻RL组成的是射极输出(chu)电路，所以(yi)具有稳压管型号输出电压(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)特点。在(zai)串联型稳(wen)压(ya)(ya)电源电路(lu)的(de)(de)工作(zuo)过(guo)程中，要求调(diao)整(zheng)管(guan)(guan)始终(zhong)处(chu)在(zai)放(fang)大状态。通过(guo)调(diao)整(zheng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)电流等于负载(zai)电流，因(yin)此必须选用(yong)适当的(de)(de)大功率管(guan)(guan)作(zuo)调(diao)整(zheng)管(guan)(guan)，并(bing)按(an)规定(ding)安装(zhuang)散(san)热装(zhuang)置。为了防止(zhi)短(duan)路(lu)或长(zhang)期过(guo)载(zai)烧坏调(diao)整(zheng)管(guan)(guan)，在(zai)直流稳(wen)压(ya)(ya)器(qi)中一般还设有短(duan)路(lu)保(bao)护(hu)和过(guo)载(zai)保(bao)护(hu)等电路(lu)。

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