12v升220v升压(ya)电(dian)路(lu)图(tu)(tu)大全详解-升压(ya)电(dian)路(lu)的制作与电(dian)路(lu)图(tu)(tu)-KIA MOS管
信息来源：本站 日期：2019-08-05
升(sheng)(sheng)压(ya)(ya)(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，是利用自举(ju)升(sheng)(sheng)压(ya)(ya)(ya)二极管，自举(ju)升(sheng)(sheng)压(ya)(ya)(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容等电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)元(yuan)件，使电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)叠(die)加，从而(er)使电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)，有的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)能达(da)到数倍电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)。
这(zhei)个电(dian)(dian)路(lu)采用UC3843制(zhi)(zhi)作的升压(ya)电(dian)(dian)路(lu)，电(dian)(dian)压(ya)输入(ru)为12V升压(ya)电(dian)(dian)压(ya)从(cong)22V到(dao)190V之间(jian)可(ke)以调整。这(zhei)个电(dian)(dian)路(lu)适(shi)合做火箭(jian)或烟花的点火装(zhuang)置(zhi)。制(zhi)(zhi)作这(zhei)个电(dian)(dian)路(lu)风险(xian)自负。
制作好的电路(lu)板
电路原理图
PCB图
直流升(sheng)压电(dian)(dian)路都(dou)是利用电(dian)(dian)感电(dian)(dian)流不能(neng)突变(bian)特性来工作，3V=》5V这(zhei)样的电(dian)(dian)路通常都(dou)用BOOST升(sheng)压结构电(dian)(dian)路。如下图：
1、在电(dian)路中(zhong)，Q开通后3V电(dian)压(ya)经(jing)过(guo)电(dian)感L 到三(san)极管Q 形成(cheng)电(dian)流(liu)回路。这个时候电(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)在电(dian)感里面转(zhuan)换为磁(ci)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，形成(cheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)储存回路，时间(jian)长短(duan)决定能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)转(zhuan)换多(duo)少，前提是电(dian)感别饱(bao)和就(jiu)好(hao)。
2、当三极管(guan)Q关闭后(hou)，原有(you)电(dian)流(liu)(liu)回(hui)路(lu)断开。电(dian)感(gan)由于电(dian)流(liu)(liu)不能突变(bian)，所以L上面的电(dian)流(liu)(liu)通路(lu)只能通过二极管(guan)流(liu)(liu)动，这个时候(hou)因为(wei)电(dian)感(gan)没有(you)充电(dian)回(hui)路(lu)了，所以电(dian)流(liu)(liu)只能从磁能转变(bian)过来。这个时候(hou)电(dian)感(gan)的自站在(zai)3V的基(ji)础上面通过D到电(dian)容(rong)C，再到地(di)形成(cheng)能量释放回(hui)路(lu)。
3、能(neng)量释放过程中，电(dian)(dian)(dian)容被(bei)充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)多少由(you)电(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)储存的能(neng)量决定。而电(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)储存的能(neng)量又是由(you)三极(ji)管(guan)Q开通时(shi)间(jian)决定，所以检测(ce)控制电(dian)(dian)(dian)路IC内部(bu)做个(ge)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)比较，如(ru)果电(dian)(dian)(dian)容电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)没有充(chong)到5V，下(xia)次开通时(shi)间(jian)就长些(xie)，如(ru)果电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)接近5V，下(xia)次开通时(shi)间(jian)短些(xie)，以此(ci)来调整输出电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)。
所以，整个(ge)电(dian)路(lu)原理都是利(li)用电(dian)感电(dian)流特性(xing)完成(cheng)。
另外，还有一种电(dian)(dian)容(rong)式升压电(dian)(dian)路(lu)，那个(ge)就是靠(kao)自举电(dian)(dian)路(lu)完成，利用的是电(dian)(dian)容(rong)电(dian)(dian)荷量转移。
就像是用一个小水(shui)桶(tong)(tong)装(zhuang)水(shui)，然后提起来倒(dao)进(jin)第大(da)(da)桶(tong)(tong)，大(da)(da)桶(tong)(tong)对外放(fang)水(shui)，大(da)(da)桶(tong)(tong)里水(shui)位高低(di)就看小桶(tong)(tong)倒(dao)的快慢。这种电(dian)路工作电(dian)流都(dou)比(bi)较小的场合使用，开(kai)关(guan)速度要非常高。
升(sheng)压器(qi)12v升(sheng)220v电路其实就是(shi)一个震(zhen)荡电路，就是(shi)把直流电变(bian)成交流电，然后通过变(bian)压器(qi)升(sheng)压变(bian)成220V，然后在输出端接上用电器(qi)即可。
12v转220v逆(ni)变(bian)器(qi)由逆(ni)变(bian)电路(lu)(lu)、逻(luo)辑控(kong)制(zhi)电路(lu)(lu)、滤波(bo)电路(lu)(lu)三大部分组成，主要包括输入接(jie)口、电压启动(dong)回路(lu)(lu)、MOS开关管(guan)、PWM控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)、直流变(bian)换回路(lu)(lu)、反(fan)馈回路(lu)(lu)、LC振荡及输出回路(lu)(lu)、负载等部分。
控(kong)制(zhi)电(dian)(dian)路控(kong)制(zhi)整个系统的运行(xing)，逆变(bian)(bian)(bian)电(dian)(dian)路完成由直流电(dian)(dian)转(zhuan)换为(wei)(wei)交(jiao)流电(dian)(dian)的功能，滤波(bo)电(dian)(dian)路用于滤除不需要(yao)的信号，逆变(bian)(bian)(bian)器的工作过程就(jiu)是(shi)这样子的了。其中逆变(bian)(bian)(bian)电(dian)(dian)路的工作还可以细化为(wei)(wei)：首先，振(zhen)荡电(dian)(dian)路将(jiang)直流电(dian)(dian)转(zhuan)换为(wei)(wei)交(jiao)流电(dian)(dian);其次，线圈(quan)升压将(jiang)不规则交(jiao)流电(dian)(dian)变(bian)(bian)(bian)为(wei)(wei)方波(bo)交(jiao)流电(dian)(dian);最后，整流使得交(jiao)流电(dian)(dian)经由方波(bo)变(bian)(bian)(bian)为(wei)(wei)正(zheng)弦波(bo)交(jiao)流电(dian)(dian)。
原(yuan)理图如下图所示，采(cai)用了功(gong)率(lv)较大的(de)(de)三极管(guan)2N3055，而电(dian)阻只(zhi)用了两个，且最(zui)好电(dian)阻的(de)(de)功(gong)率(lv)选大一点，这样电(dian)路的(de)(de)输出(chu)功(gong)率(lv)也会相(xiang)应地增(zeng)加，上图中用的(de)(de)是1W的(de)(de)400欧姆电(dian)阻，如果没有(you)1W的(de)(de)也没关系，现在用到的(de)(de)最(zui)多的(de)(de)是1/4W的(de)(de)电(dian)阻，只(zhi)要选择四个电(dian)阻并(bing)联(lian)大约是400Ω就可以了。
如(ru)下图(tu)，我们也可(ke)以(yi)清楚看(kan)到需(xu)的(de)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)还有(you)各个元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)之(zhi)间的(de)连接情(qing)况，在(zai)(zai)电(dian)路功(gong)(gong)能上，除了变(bian)(bian)压(ya)器(qi)T1用(yong)来升(sheng)压(ya)，电(dian)源(yuan)V1用(yong)来供电(dian)之(zhi)外，剩下的(de)原件(jian)(jian)就(jiu)是(shi)产生矩(ju)形波(bo)的(de)电(dian)路。在(zai)(zai)电(dian)阻选择上R1和R2一般在(zai)(zai)1.2k-4.7k之(zhi)间，三极管无(wu)特别(bie)要(yao)求根据(ju)变(bian)(bian)压(ya)器(qi)的(de)容量选择，容量大(da)(da)就(jiu)用(yong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)大(da)(da)点的(de);变(bian)(bian)压(ya)器(qi)可(ke)用(yong)普通控制变(bian)(bian)压(ya)器(qi)，只要(yao)有(you)两组(zu)12V就(jiu)行，我们这个原理图(tu)中选择器(qi)件(jian)(jian)为变(bian)(bian)压(ya)器(qi)0v-12V-12V，三极管用(yong)的(de)达林顿管MJ11032，电(dian)阻4.7k，输出功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)能够(gou)达到百瓦左(zuo)右，也不算小(xiao)了，不过变(bian)(bian)压(ya)器(qi)的(de)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)要(yao)选大(da)(da)点了，否(fou)则(ze)输出功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)没有(you)那么大(da)(da)。
此逆变器主要(yao)由MOS场效应管，普通电(dian)源(yuan)变压(ya)器构(gou)成(cheng)。其输出功率取(qu)决于MOS场效应管和电(dian)源(yuan)变压(ya)器的(de)功率。
电(dian)路图中：25T 310T 20T 250T是(shi)变压器线圈(quan)的绕组匝(za)数，VT1是(shi)大(da)功率三极管，可使用电(dian)视机电(dian)源管，R1的电(dian)阻(zu)是(shi)15-50Ω/5w，R4的电(dian)阻(zu)470Ω3W
变(bian)压器(qi)可选用一(yi)个100W机(ji)床控制变(bian)压器(qi)，将(jiang)变(bian)压器(qi)铁(tie)芯拆开(kai)，再将(jiang)次级线(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)拆下(xia)来，并记录(lu)匝数，以便于计算每伏圈(quan)数。然后(hou)用φ1.35mm的(de)(de)漆包线(xian)(xian)(xian)重新绕次级线(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)，先绕一(yi)个22V的(de)(de)主(zhu)线(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)，在(zai)中间抽头，再用φ0.47的(de)(de)漆包线(xian)(xian)(xian)绕两(liang)个4V的(de)(de)反(fan)馈线(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)，线(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)的(de)(de)层间用较厚的(de)(de)牛皮纸(zhi)绝缘。线(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)绕好(hao)后(hou)插上铁(tie)芯，将(jiang)两(liang)个4V次级分别和(he)主(zhu)线(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)连(lian)在(zai)一(yi)起，注意头尾的(de)(de)别接(jie)(jie)(jie)反(fan)了(le)。可通电测电压，如果4V线(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)和(he)主(zhu)线(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)连(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)后(hou)电压增加(jia)说明连(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)正确，反(fan)之(zhi)就是错的(de)(de)，可换一(yi)下(xia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)头就可以了(le)。
与(yu)4V线圈(quan)串联的(de)两个电(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)R2、R3可(ke)用电(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)丝制作，可(ke)根据输(shu)出功率大小选择电(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)大小，一(yi)(yi)般为几欧姆，输(shu)出功率大时，电(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)越小，偏流电(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)用1W300Ω的(de)电(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)，不接(jie)这个电(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)也能工作，但由于(yu)管子的(de)参数不一(yi)(yi)致有时不起振，最好接(jie)一(yi)(yi)个。
三(san)极管的选择：每边用三只(zhi)3DD15并联(lian)，共用六只(zhi)管子，电(dian)路连接好(hao)后检查无错误，就可以通(tong)电(dian)调整了，接上(shang)蓄(xu)电(dian)池，找一个100W的(de)(de)白炽灯做(zuo)负载，打(da)开开关，灯泡(pao)应该能(neng)(neng)(neng)正(zheng)(zheng)常发光，如果不能(neng)(neng)(neng)正(zheng)(zheng)常发光，可减小(xiao)基极的(de)(de)电(dian)阻，直到能(neng)(neng)(neng)正(zheng)(zheng)常发光为止(zhi)，再接上(shang)彩电(dian)看能(neng)(neng)(neng)否正(zheng)(zheng)常启(qi)动，不能(neng)(neng)(neng)正(zheng)(zheng)常启(qi)动也是减小(xiao)基极的(de)(de)电(dian)阻，调整完(wan)毕后就可以正(zheng)(zheng)常使用了。
此直流12V转220V交(jiao)流逆变器电路可(ke)以转换为12V直流转220伏交(jiao)流。CD4047是(shi)用来(lai)产生方波(bo)。 基(ji)本公式为P =VI输入(ru)输出之间的变压(ya)器，输入(ru)功率(lv)=输出功率(lv) 因此，变压(ya)器12V到220伏，但输入(ru)绕组必须能够承(cheng)受20A。
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