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电(dian)工基础知(zhi)识电(dian)路图详解及电(dian)路图符号基础知(zhi)识大全(quan)-KIA MOS管(guan)

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电工基础知识电路图

电工(gong)基础知(zhi)识电路(lu)图，在(zai)了解电路(lu)图之前，必须得知(zhi)道电路(lu)图符号。接下来就会讲到电路(lu)图符号和(he)电路(lu)图的(de)知(zhi)识。

电(dian)(dian)路(lu)图，是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)用(yong)电(dian)(dian)路(lu)元件(jian)(jian)符(fu)号(hao)表示(shi)电(dian)(dian)路(lu)连接的(de)(de)图。电(dian)(dian)路(lu)图是(shi)(shi)人们为(wei)研究、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程规划的(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)，用(yong)物理(li)电(dian)(dian)学标(biao)准化的(de)(de)符(fu)号(hao)绘制的(de)(de)一种表示(shi)各元器(qi)件(jian)(jian)组成(cheng)及器(qi)件(jian)(jian)关系的(de)(de)原(yuan)理(li)布局图。由(you)电(dian)(dian)路(lu)图可(ke)以(yi)得知(zhi)组件(jian)(jian)间的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作原(yuan)理(li)，为(wei)分析性(xing)能(neng)、安(an)装电(dian)(dian)子、电(dian)(dian)器(qi)产品提(ti)供规划方案。在设计电(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程师可(ke)从容在纸上(shang)或电(dian)(dian)脑上(shang)进(jin)行，确认完(wan)善后(hou)再(zai)进(jin)行实际安(an)装。通过调试改进(jin)、修复错误(wu)、直至成(cheng)功(gong)。采用(yong)电(dian)(dian)路(lu)仿真软(ruan)件(jian)(jian)进(jin)行电(dian)(dian)路(lu)辅助(zhu)设计、虚拟的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)路(lu)实验，可(ke)提(ti)高工(gong)(gong)(gong)程师工(gong)(gong)(gong)作效率、节(jie)约学习时间，使实物图更直观。

电路图符号大全

电(dian)路图符号(hao)是指用一种书(shu)画图形代表一种电(dian)子元件（比方：电(dian)容、电(dian)阻(zu)、二极(ji)管、三极(ji)管、集成电(dian)路(lu)等等）的(de)(de)符号(hao)，有了(le)电(dian)路(lu)图符号(hao)我学(xue)习(xi)、演示、计划就能够轻松的(de)(de)在图纸上完(wan)结。

电工基础知识电路图

接(jie)下(xia)来(lai)介绍电工基(ji)础知识电路图(tu)，下(xia)图(tu)就(jiu)是一个最简单完整电路图(tu)。

1号(hao)实物电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)图中，档开关(guan)闭(bi)合伤后(hou)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中就有(you)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)过(guo)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的来源是由电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池将(jiang)化学能(neng)转(zhuan)(zhuan)换(huan)而来，灯泡(pao)作为负载(zai)将(jiang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池中通过(guo)导线传输过(guo)来的电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)转(zhuan)(zhuan)换(huan)成热能(neng)消耗掉，这个过(guo)程实现(xian)了(le)(le)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)与(yu)热能(neng)、光能(neng)的转(zhuan)(zhuan)换(huan)。当(dang)开关(guan)断开后(hou)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)便切断，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)无法(fa)流(liu)通，灯泡(pao)失去(qu)了(le)(le)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)能(neng)量就不能(neng)发光了(le)(le)。2号(hao)图则是为了(le)(le)设计和分(fen)析而把电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中实物简化用符(fu)号(hao)表示(shi)，通常称为电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)图。

从上(shang)面的简单电(dian)路图(tu)中可以(yi)看出，电(dian)路主(zhu)要有(you)以(yi)下三个部分组成:

电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan):它(ta)是电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中输出(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)必不(bu)可少的(de)装置，没有它(ta)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路无法工(gong)作。通常由干电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、太(tai)阳能(neng)(neng)(neng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、发电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)等，在工(gong)作室它(ta)们分别能(neng)(neng)(neng)将(jiang)化学能(neng)(neng)(neng)、机(ji)械能(neng)(neng)(neng)、光能(neng)(neng)(neng)等能(neng)(neng)(neng)量转(zhuan)换成电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。

负载(zai)(zai):负载(zai)(zai)也(ye)是电(dian)(dian)路(lu)的必(bi)不可少(shao)的基本(ben)组成部(bu)分，通常称为用电(dian)(dian)设备(bei)，比如(ru)电(dian)(dian)灯、电(dian)(dian)动(dong)机、电(dian)(dian)水壶、电(dian)(dian)视(shi)机等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)，它们能将电(dian)(dian)能传(chuan)换成光能、热(re)能、机械(xie)能等(deng)(deng)。

连接导线:用来传输(shu)合分配电能，没(mei)有(you)他就无(wu)法(fa)构成电路，开s关也属于归于导线中了。

以上便是以直(zhi)流电(dian)(dian)最基(ji)(ji)本(ben)电(dian)(dian)路(lu)。在实际运用中(zhong)的(de)线路(lu)常(chang)常(chang)还有很多附属设备(bei)，比(bi)如(ru)各类控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(如(ru)通(tong)过可变电(dian)(dian)阻(zu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)耳(er)机音量(liang)大(da)小)、保护(如(ru)短(duan)路(lu)自动跳(tiao)闸)、测量(liang)(比(bi)如(ru)电(dian)(dian)流表)等设备(bei)，有些教程里(li)可能(neng)还另外有一个“辅助(zhu)设备(bei)”的(de)第四条，开关、控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)等设备(bei)被(bei)归类到这(zhei)里(li)，但我想(xiang)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)电(dian)(dian)路(lu)就(jiu)(jiu)以上三(san)条足够说(shuo)明了(le)。另外这(zhei)些基(ji)(ji)础(chu)知识很多电(dian)(dian)工友可能(neng)在初中(zhong)物理课中(zhong)已(yi)经(jing)对(dui)此(ci)比(bi)较熟悉了(le)，只要了(le)解电(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)组成部分就(jiu)(jiu)可以。

常用的电气图(tu)有系统(tong)图(tu)，平剖面图(tu)，原理图(tu)和安装图(tu)等。

系(xi)统图:是(shi)用(yong)来表示供电系(xi)统的组成部分及其连接方式(shi)，通常(chang)用(yong)粗实线(xian)表示。系(xi)统图通常(chang)不(bu)表明电气设备的具体(ti)安装位置。但通过系(xi)统图可以了(le)解(jie)整个工程的供电全貌和接线(xian)关(guan)系(xi)。

平剖面图(tu):详细地、具体地标(biao)(biao)注了所(suo)有电(dian)气(qi)线路的具体走向及电(dian)气(qi)设备(bei)的位置、坐标(biao)(biao)、并(bing)通过图(tu)形(xing)符号将某些系统图(tu)无法表(biao)达的设计意图(tu)表(biao)达出来，具体指导施工。

原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)图:用(yong)来表示各控制(zhi)信(xin)号(hao)回(hui)(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)动(dong)作原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)，并将各电气设备及电气元件之(zhi)间的(de)连接方(fang)式，按(an)动(dong)作原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)用(yong)展开法绘(hui)制(zhi)出来，便于看清动(dong)作顺序(xu)。原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)图分为一次回(hui)(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(主回(hui)(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu))和二次回(hui)(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(控制(zhi)回(hui)(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu))，二次回(hui)(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)包括控制(zhi)、保护、测量、信(xin)号(hao)等线(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。一次回(hui)(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)通常(chang)用(yong)粗(cu)实(shi)线(xian)绘(hui)制(zhi)，二次回(hui)(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)通常(chang)用(yong)细实(shi)线(xian)绘(hui)制(zhi)。原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)图是(shi)指导设备制(zhi)作、施(shi)工和调试的(de)主要图纸。

安装图(tu)(tu):又称安装大样(yang)图(tu)(tu)，用(yong)来(lai)表示(shi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)气(qi)(qi)设(she)备和电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)元件的(de)(de)(de)实(shi)际接线方式、安装位置、配线场所(suo)的(de)(de)(de)形状(zhuang)特征等。对(dui)于某些电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)气(qi)(qi)设(she)备或(huo)(huo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)气(qi)(qi)元件在安装过程中有(you)特殊要求或(huo)(huo)无(wu)标(biao)准图(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分(fen)，设(she)计者应(ying)绘(hui)制专门的(de)(de)(de)构(gou)件大样(yang)图(tu)(tu)或(huo)(huo)安装大样(yang)图(tu)(tu)，并详(xiang)细(xi)地标(biao)明施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方法、尺(chi)寸和贝体要求，指(zhi)导设(she)备制作和施(shi)(shi)一般施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)图(tu)(tu)都有(you)文字说明，它的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)是对(dui)图(tu)(tu)纸(zhi)中不能用(yong)符号(hao)表明的(de)(de)(de)与(yu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)有(you)关的(de)(de)(de)或(huo)(huo)对(dui)工(gong)(gong)程有(you)特殊技(ji)术要求的(de)(de)(de)补充。比如与(yu)弱电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)线路(lu)(lu)并排敷设(she)时的(de)(de)(de)线间距离要求;与(yu)煤气(qi)(qi)管、热力管道交叉时的(de)(de)(de)间距，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)气(qi)(qi)线路(lu)(lu)与(yu)建筑、结构(gou)的(de)(de)(de)具体配合，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)气(qi)(qi)保护措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)等。

识图步骤

先(xian)看(kan)(kan)图(tu)(tu)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)字说明:文(wen)字说明的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要内容(rong)包(bao)括(kuo)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)图(tu)(tu)图(tu)(tu)纸目录(lu)，设备、材料表和施工(gong)(gong)(gong)说明等三部分。比(bi)较简单的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程只(zhi)有几张施工(gong)(gong)(gong)图(tu)(tu)纸，往(wang)往(wang)不(bu)另单独编制施工(gong)(gong)(gong)说明，一(yi)般将文(wen)字说明内容(rong)在平剖面(mian)图(tu)(tu)或系统(tong)图(tu)(tu)上(shang)表示出。看(kan)(kan)图(tu)(tu)上(shang)所(suo)(suo)画的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)源从何而来，采用哪些(xie)供配(pei)线(xian)方式(shi)，使用多大截(jie)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)导线(xian)，通过哪些(xie)配(pei)电(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)气设备，分配(pei)到(dao)哪些(xie)用电(dian)(dian)设备不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程有不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求，所(suo)(suo)以一(yi)定要搞清图(tu)(tu)纸上(shang)所(suo)(suo)表达的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程内容(rong)。看(kan)(kan)比(bi)较复杂(za)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)气图(tu)(tu)时，首先(xian)看(kan)(kan)系统(tong)图(tu)(tu)，了解有哪些(xie)设备组(zu)成，有多少个回路(lu)，每个回路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用和原理然后再(zai)看(kan)(kan)安装(zhuang)图(tu)(tu)，各(ge)个元(yuan)件和设备安装(zhuang)在什么位(wei)置，如何与外部连接(jie)，采用何种敷设方式(shi)等。

熟悉建筑物的具体外(wai)貌(mao)，结构特点，设(she)(she)计(ji)功(gong)能，工艺要求，与电气设(she)(she)计(ji)说明、设(she)(she)计(ji)意图一道研究(jiu)，明确施工方(fang)法。熟(shu)悉(xi)其他(ta)专(zhuan)业(ye)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)图:尽可能地(di)熟(shu)悉(xi)其他(ta)专(zhuan)业(ye)(给水(shui)排(pai)水(shui)、动力(li)、采暖通(tong)风、弱(ruo)电等)的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)图或进行(xing)多(duo)专(zhuan)业(ye)交(jiao)叉(cha)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)座谈，了解有争议的空间(jian)位置或互相重叠现象，尽量(liang)避免(mian)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)过程中的返工(gong)(gong)现象。