电动车充电器电路图

一、电动车充电器的作用

充电(dian)器是电(dian)动(dong)自行车的附件，是给蓄电(dian)池补充电(dian)能的装置(zhi)。它可以(yi)满足电(dian)动(dong)自行车用电(dian)的需(xu)要，并对蓄电(dian)池产(chan)生保护(hu)，有效的延长蓄电(dian)池的使用寿命。

电(dian)动自行(xing)车的(de)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)器一般采用开关电(dian)源充(chong)(chong)电(dian)器，分(fen)为(wei)二阶(jie)段充(chong)(chong)电(dian)模(mo)式和三阶(jie)段充(chong)(chong)电(dian)模(mo)式两种(zhong)。

二阶段(duan)充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)即恒压(ya)(ya)充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，它是将充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)过程(cheng)分为(wei)(wei)恒流(liu)(liu)、恒压(ya)(ya)两(liang)个充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阶段(duan)，充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)随蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)上升而逐渐减少(shao)。当蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量上升到一(yi)定程(cheng)度时(shi)，再(zai)转为(wei)(wei)恒压(ya)(ya)充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，使蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)内的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)缓慢(man)上升，当蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)达到充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)终(zhong)止电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)（不同的(de)充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)不一(yi)样，多段(duan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)终(zhong)止电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)为(wei)(wei)41.4V，恒压(ya)(ya)式(shi)(shi)(shi)充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)为(wei)(wei)43.8~44.4V）时(shi)，再(zai)转为(wei)(wei)涓流(liu)(liu)充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，即浮(fu)充(chong)，这(zhei)样可(ke)以有效(xiao)的(de)保护蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，延(yan)长蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)使用寿命。电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动车(che)普(pu)遍采用三阶段(duan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

电(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)自(zi)行车(che)充(chong)电(dian)(dian)器是(shi)从电(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)自(zi)行车(che)中独立出来(lai)的(de)。充(chong)电(dian)(dian)器是(shi)给蓄电(dian)(dian)池补充(chong)电(dian)(dian)能的(de)装置。充(chong)电(dian)(dian)器的(de)好坏对蓄电(dian)(dian)池的(de)使用寿命及电(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)自(zi)行车(che)的(de)正常行驶有着直接的(de)影响。电(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)自(zi)行车(che)使用的(de)蓄电(dian)(dian)池有多种(zhong)(zhong)类(lei)型，各种(zhong)(zhong)类(lei)型的(de)充(chong)电(dian)(dian)方式不(bu)尽(jin)相同，但工作原理大同小异(yi)。

充(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器充(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就(jiu)是在蓄(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，按(an)与(yu)放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流相反的(de)方向用(yong)直(zhi)流电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通过蓄(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，使(shi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)在蓄(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)内(nei)转化为化学能(neng)储存起来，恢复其工(gong)作能(neng)力，这个过程(cheng)叫做(zuo)蓄(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)有恒流充(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和恒压充(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)两种方式(shi)。蓄(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压必须高于(yu)蓄(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)总电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动势。其充(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)是：将蓄(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)负(fu)极(ji)与(yu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源负(fu)极(ji)相连，蓄(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)正极(ji)与(yu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源正极(ji)相连。

二、电动车充电器的工作原理

充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器主要由(you)塑(su)料(liao)外壳、输(shu)出(chu)插(cha)(cha)头(tou)、输(shu)入插(cha)(cha)头(tou)等组成(cheng)。充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器上(shang)有指(zhi)(zhi)示灯，同时作(zuo)为电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)指(zhi)(zhi)示和(he)充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)指(zhi)(zhi)示使用，使用时先插(cha)(cha)上(shang)充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)输(shu)出(chu)插(cha)(cha)头(tou)，再插(cha)(cha)上(shang)输(shu)入插(cha)(cha)头(tou)即(ji)可进(jin)行充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并不是随意接上(shang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)就能(neng)充的(de)，如交流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不变成(cheng)直流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不能(neng)充，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压和(he)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)大小不适当不能(neng)充，不能(neng)过充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等，这(zhei)些(xie)都需要充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器来(lai)完成(cheng)。

充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)器的结构形式(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)两种(zhong)(zhong)：一种(zhong)(zhong)是变(bian)压器式(shi)(shi)(shi)普通充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)器，另一种(zhong)(zhong)是开关电(dian)(dian)源(yuan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)器，两种(zhong)(zhong)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)器各具有(you)不(bu)同的特点。目(mu)前的电(dian)(dian)动自行(xing)车一般采(cai)用(yong)开关电(dian)(dian)源(yuan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)器，其内部主要由开关变(bian)压器、晶体管、控制集(ji)成电(dian)(dian)路等构成。采(cai)用(yong)开关电(dian)(dian)源(yuan)技术的充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)器，其适(shi)(shi)用(yong)范围(wei)(wei)广(guang)，既适(shi)(shi)合(he)铅酸蓄电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)，又适(shi)(shi)合(he)锂蓄电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)，且具有(you)输入电(dian)(dian)压范围(wei)(wei)宽(kuan)（交流100~240V）、输出过电(dian)(dian)压保护、只能(neng)防反接(jie)、可长时间短路、采(cai)用(yong)智能(neng)三段式(shi)(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)等特点。

常见电动车充电器电路图有三种

第一种：下图(tu)为(wei)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路原理图(tu)，主(zhu)要由(you)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)滤(lv)波(bo)、高压(ya)(ya)开关(guan)(guan)、电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)变(bian)换(huan)、恒流(liu)(liu)、恒压(ya)(ya)及充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制等几部分组(zu)成(cheng)。其基本原理是充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器将(jiang)输入的(de)220V市(shi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)经整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)滤(lv)波(bo)后(hou)转变(bian)为(wei)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)300V左右的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)，通过开关(guan)(guan)管(guan)的(de)接通和(he)关(guan)(guan)断，使(shi)300V直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)变(bian)成(cheng)受控制的(de)交流(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)，交流(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)通过开关(guan)(guan)变(bian)压(ya)(ya)器耦合(he)后(hou)在(zai)其二次(ci)侧产生低压(ya)(ya)交流(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，低压(ya)(ya)交流(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)再通过二极(ji)管(guan)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)后(hou)输出直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)。

开关管受电源(yuan)(yuan)厚(hou)模块的(de)控制，4N35光耦合器将(jiang)二次电压(ya)(ya)波(bo)动信(xin)号反馈给电源(yuan)(yuan)厚(hou)模块，从而(er)达到稳定输出电压(ya)(ya)的(de)目的(de)。使用开关电源(yuan)(yuan)作(zuo)为充电器的(de)好(hao)处是能有效的(de)根据负载的(de)大小控制输出，保护负载并节约能源(yuan)(yuan)。

第二种：图1：以3842驱动场效应管的单管开关电源，配合358双运放来(lai)实现三阶(jie)段充电方式(shi)。其(qi)电原理(li)图和元件(jian)参数(shu)见 图表(biao)2

图(tu)表(biao)2

工(gong)作(zuo)原理：220v交流电(dian)经T0双向(xiang)滤(lv)波(bo)抑制干扰，D1整(zheng)流为(wei)(wei)脉(mai)动直(zhi)流，再经C11滤(lv)波(bo)形成稳定的(de)(de)300V左右的(de)(de)直(zhi)流电(dian)。U1 为(wei)(wei)3842脉(mai)宽调制集(ji)成电(dian)路。其5脚为(wei)(wei)电(dian)源(yuan)负极(ji)，7脚为(wei)(wei)电(dian)源(yuan)正极(ji)，6脚为(wei)(wei)脉(mai)冲输出直(zhi)接(jie)驱动场效应管Q1(K1358) 3脚为(wei)(wei)最大电(dian)流限制，调整(zheng)R25(2.5欧(ou)姆)的(de)(de)阻(zu)值可(ke)以(yi)调整(zheng)充(chong)电(dian)器的(de)(de)最大电(dian)流。2脚为(wei)(wei)电(dian)压(ya)反馈，可(ke)以(yi)调节(jie)充(chong)电(dian)器的(de)(de)输出电(dian)压(ya)。4脚外接(jie)振荡电(dian)阻(zu)R1,和振荡电(dian)容C1。T1为(wei)(wei)高(gao)频脉(mai)冲变压(ya)器，其作(zuo)用有(you)三个。

第一(yi)是把高(gao)压脉冲将压为(wei)低压脉冲。

第(di)二是起到隔离高(gao)压的作用，以防触电。

第三(san)是为uc3842提(ti)供(gong)工作电源。

D4为(wei)(wei)高频(pin)整流(liu)(liu)管（16A60V）C10为(wei)(wei)低(di)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)滤波(bo)(bo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容,D5为(wei)(wei)12V稳压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)二(er)(er)极管， U3(431)为(wei)(wei)精密(mi)基(ji)准(zhun)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)源(yuan)(yuan)，配合(he)U2(光耦合(he)器4N35) 起(qi)到(dao)(dao)自动(dong)调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)节充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用。调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)整w2(微调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu))可以(yi)细调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。D10是电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)指(zhi)示灯(deng)。D6为(wei)(wei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)指(zhi)示灯(deng)。 R27是电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)取样电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)（0.1欧姆，5w）改变(bian)W1的(de)(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)可以(yi)调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)整充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器转浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)拐点电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)（200－300 mA）通(tong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)开始时(shi)(shi)，C11上(shang)有300v左(zuo)右(you)(you)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。此(ci)(ci)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)一路(lu)(lu)(lu)经(jing)T1加(jia)载到(dao)(dao)Q1。第(di)二(er)(er)路(lu)(lu)(lu)经(jing)R5,C8,C3, 达(da)到(dao)(dao)U1的(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)7脚(jiao)。强(qiang)迫U1启(qi)动(dong)。U1的(de)(de)(de)(de)6脚(jiao)输(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)方波(bo)(bo)脉(mai)冲，Q1工作(zuo)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)经(jing)R25到(dao)(dao)地。同时(shi)(shi)T1副线(xian)圈产生感应电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，经(jing)D3,R12给U1提供(gong)(gong)可靠电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。T1输(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)线(xian)圈的(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)经(jing)D4,C10整流(liu)(liu)滤波(bo)(bo)得到(dao)(dao)稳定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。此(ci)(ci)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)一路(lu)(lu)(lu)经(jing)D7（D7起(qi)到(dao)(dao)防止电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)倒灌(guan)给充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用）给电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。第(di)二(er)(er)路(lu)(lu)(lu)经(jing)R14,D5,C9, 为(wei)(wei)LM358(双运算(suan)放大器，1脚(jiao)为(wei)(wei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)地，8脚(jiao)为(wei)(wei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)正)及其外围电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)提供(gong)(gong)12V工作(zuo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。D9为(wei)(wei)LM358提供(gong)(gong)基(ji)准(zhun)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，经(jing)R26,R4分(fen)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)达(da)到(dao)(dao)LM358的(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)二(er)(er)脚(jiao)和(he)第(di)5脚(jiao)。正常充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)时(shi)(shi)，R27上(shang)端有0.15－0.18V左(zuo)右(you)(you)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，此(ci)(ci)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)经(jing)R17加(jia)到(dao)(dao)LM358第(di)三脚(jiao)，从1脚(jiao)送(song)出(chu)(chu)(chu)高电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。此(ci)(ci)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)一路(lu)(lu)(lu)经(jing)R18,强(qiang)迫Q2导通(tong)，D6（红灯(deng)）点亮，第(di)二(er)(er)路(lu)(lu)(lu)注入(ru)(ru)LM358的(de)(de)(de)(de)6脚(jiao)，7脚(jiao)输(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)低(di)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，迫使Q3关断，D10(绿灯(deng))熄灭，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器进入(ru)(ru)恒流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阶段。当电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)上(shang)升到(dao)(dao)44.2V左(zuo)右(you)(you)时(shi)(shi),充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器进入(ru)(ru)恒压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阶段，输(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)维持在44.2V左(zuo)右(you)(you)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器进入(ru)(ru)恒压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阶段，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)逐渐减(jian)小。当充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)减(jian)小到(dao)(dao)200mA—300mA时(shi)(shi)，R27上(shang)端的(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下降，LM358的(de)(de)(de)(de)3脚(jiao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)于2脚(jiao)，1脚(jiao)输(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)低(di)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，Q2关断，D6熄灭。同时(shi)(shi)7脚(jiao)输(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)高电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，此(ci)(ci)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)一路(lu)(lu)(lu)使Q3导通(tong)，D10点亮。另一路(lu)(lu)(lu)经(jing)D8，W1到(dao)(dao)达(da)反馈电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)，使电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降低(di)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器进入(ru)(ru)涓流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阶段。1－2小时(shi)(shi)后充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)结束(shu)。

第三种:充电(dian)器(qi)的(de)控制芯片一般是以(yi)TL494为核心，推(tui)动(dong)2只(zhi)13007高压三(san)极管(guan)。配合324（4运算放大器(qi)），实现三(san)阶段充电(dian)。见图表4

220V交流(liu)(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)经(jing)D1-D4整流(liu)(liu)(liu)，C5滤(lv)波得到(dao)300V左右直流(liu)(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。此(ci)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)给C4充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，经(jing)TF1高(gao)(gao)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)绕(rao)(rao)组(zu)(zu)，TF2主绕(rao)(rao)组(zu)(zu),V2等(deng)形(xing)成启(qi)动电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。TF2反(fan)(fan)馈绕(rao)(rao)组(zu)(zu)产(chan)生感(gan)应(ying)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，使V1，V2轮流(liu)(liu)(liu)导(dao)通。因此(ci)在TF1低(di)(di)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)供(gong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)绕(rao)(rao)组(zu)(zu)产(chan)生电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，经(jing)D9,D10整流(liu)(liu)(liu)，C8滤(lv)波，给TL494,LM324,V3,V4等(deng)供(gong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。此(ci)时输出电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)较(jiao)低(di)(di)。TL494启(qi)动后其(qi)8脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，11脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)轮流(liu)(liu)(liu)输出脉冲(chong)，推动V3,V4，经(jing)TF2反(fan)(fan)馈绕(rao)(rao)组(zu)(zu)激(ji)励V1,V2。使V1,V2,由自激(ji)状态转入受控状态。TF2输出绕(rao)(rao)组(zu)(zu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)，此(ci)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)经(jing)R29,R26,R27分压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)后反(fan)(fan)馈给TL494的(de)(de)1脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)（电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)反(fan)(fan)馈）使输出电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)稳定(ding)在41.2V上(shang)(shang)。R30是电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)取样(yang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)时R30产(chan)生压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)。此(ci)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)经(jing)R11,R12反(fan)(fan)馈给TL494的(de)(de)15脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)（电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)反(fan)(fan)馈）使充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)恒定(ding)在1.8A左右。另(ling)外充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)在D20上(shang)(shang)产(chan)生压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)，经(jing)R42到(dao)达LM324的(de)(de)3脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。使2脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)输出高(gao)(gao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)点(dian)亮充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)灯，同(tong)时7脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)输出低(di)(di)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)灯熄灭。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)进入恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阶段。而(er)且(qie)7脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低(di)(di)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)拉低(di)(di)D19阳极的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。使TL494的(de)(de)1脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)低(di)(di)，这将(jiang)(jiang)导(dao)致充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)最高(gao)(gao)输出电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)达到(dao)44.8V。当电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)至44.8V时，进入恒压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)阶段。当充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)降(jiang)低(di)(di)到(dao)0.3A—0.4A时LM324的(de)(de)3脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)低(di)(di)，1脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)输出低(di)(di)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)灯熄灭。同(tong)时7脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)输出高(gao)(gao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)灯点(dian)亮。而(er)且(qie)7脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)抬高(gao)(gao)D19阳极的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。使TL494的(de)(de)1脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)，这将(jiang)(jiang)导(dao)致充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)输出电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)低(di)(di)到(dao)41.2V上(shang)(shang)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)进入浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。

充电器常见的故障有三大类

1：高压故障

高(gao)压(ya)(ya)故障(zhang)的(de)主要现(xian)象(xiang)是(shi)(shi)指示(shi)灯不(bu)亮，其(qi)特征有(you)保险(xian)丝熔断(duan)，整流(liu)二极(ji)管(guan)D1击(ji)穿(chuan)，电(dian)容C11鼓(gu)包或炸裂(lie)。Q1击(ji)穿(chuan),R25开(kai)路。U1的(de)7脚对地短路。R5开(kai)路，U1无启动电(dian)压(ya)(ya)。更(geng)换以(yi)上(shang)元(yuan)件即可(ke)修复(fu)。若U1的(de)7脚有(you)11V以(yi)上(shang)电(dian)压(ya)(ya)，8脚有(you)5V电(dian)压(ya)(ya)，说明U1基本正常(chang)。应重(zhong)(zhong)点检测(ce)Q1和T1的(de)引脚是(shi)(shi)否有(you)虚(xu)焊(han)。若连续击(ji)穿(chuan)Q1，且(qie)Q1不(bu)发(fa)烫，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)是(shi)(shi)D2,C4失效，若是(shi)(shi)Q1击(ji)穿(chuan)且(qie)发(fa)烫，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)是(shi)(shi)低(di)压(ya)(ya)部分(fen)有(you)漏电(dian)或短路，过大或UC3842的(de)6脚输(shu)出(chu)脉冲波(bo)形不(bu)正常(chang)，Q1的(de)开(kai)关(guan)损(sun)耗和发(fa)热量大增，导致Q1过热烧(shao)毁。高(gao)压(ya)(ya)故障(zhang)的(de)其(qi)他(ta)现(xian)象(xiang)有(you)指示(shi)灯闪(shan)烁，输(shu)出(chu)电(dian)压(ya)(ya)偏低(di)且(qie)不(bu)稳定，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)是(shi)(shi)T1的(de)引脚有(you)虚(xu)焊(han),或者D3,R12开(kai)路,TL3842及(ji)其(qi)外围电(dian)路无工作电(dian)源(yuan)。另有(you)一(yi)(yi)种罕见的(de)高(gao)压(ya)(ya)故障(zhang)是(shi)(shi)输(shu)出(chu)电(dian)压(ya)(ya)偏高(gao)到120V以(yi)上(shang)，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)是(shi)(shi)U2失效，R13开(kai)路所致或U3击(ji)穿(chuan)使U1的(de)2脚电(dian)压(ya)(ya)拉低(di)，6脚送出(chu)超宽脉冲。此(ci)时不(bu)能(neng)长时间通电(dian)，否则将严重(zhong)(zhong)烧(shao)毁低(di)压(ya)(ya)电(dian)路。

2：低压故障

低压故障大(da)部分(fen)是(shi)充(chong)电(dian)器(qi)与(yu)电(dian)池(chi)(chi)正负极接反，导致R27烧断(duan)，LM358击穿(chuan)。其(qi)现象(xiang)是(shi)红灯一(yi)直(zhi)亮，绿(lv)灯不亮，输出(chu)(chu)电(dian)压低，或者输出(chu)(chu)电(dian)压接近0V，更(geng)换以上(shang)元(yuan)件即可(ke)修(xiu)复。另(ling)外W2因抖动(dong)，输出(chu)(chu)电(dian)压漂(piao)移(yi)，若输出(chu)(chu)电(dian)压偏高，电(dian)池(chi)(chi)会过充(chong)，严重失水，发烫，最终导致热失控，充(chong)爆电(dian)池(chi)(chi)。若输出(chu)(chu)电(dian)压偏低，会导致电(dian)池(chi)(chi)欠充(chong)。

3：高压、低压均有故障

高(gao)低(di)压电(dian)(dian)(dian)路均有故(gu)障时，通电(dian)(dian)(dian)前应(ying)首先全面(mian)检测所有的(de)(de)二极管(guan)，三极管(guan)，光耦合器(qi)(qi)4N35，场(chang)效应(ying)管(guan)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)解电(dian)(dian)(dian)容，集成电(dian)(dian)(dian)路，R25,R5,R12,R27，尤其是(shi)D4（16A60V,快恢(hui)复二极管(guan)），C10(63V,470UF)。避(bi)免盲目(mu)通电(dian)(dian)(dian)使故(gu)障范(fan)围进一(yi)步扩大(da)。有一(yi)部分充电(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)输(shu)出(chu)端具有防(fang)反接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，防(fang)短(duan)路等(deng)特殊功能。其实就是(shi)输(shu)出(chu)端多加一(yi)个(ge)继(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，在(zai)反接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，短(duan)路的(de)(de)情况下继(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)不工(gong)作，充电(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)无电(dian)(dian)(dian)压输(shu)出(chu)。还有一(yi)部分充电(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)也具有防(fang)反接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，防(fang)短(duan)路的(de)(de)功能，其原理与前面(mian)介绍的(de)(de)不同(tong)，其低(di)压电(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)启动电(dian)(dian)(dian)压由被充电(dian)(dian)(dian)池提供(gong)，且接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)有一(yi)个(ge)二极管(guan)（防(fang)反接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)）。待电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)正常启动后，就由充电(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)提供(gong)低(di)压工(gong)作电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。

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