常用大全电(dian)机控(kong)制(zhi)电(dian)路图(tu)(tu)-识图(tu)(tu)电(dian)机控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)原(yuan)理讲解-KIA MOS管
信息来源：本(ben)站 日期：2018-04-18
电机(ji)(ji)(ji)控(kong)制(zhi)器，顾名思义，就(jiu)是对电机(ji)(ji)(ji)实现(xian)控(kong)制(zhi)，其主要是通(tong)过计算机(ji)(ji)(ji)编(bian)程来(lai)(lai)(lai)操作(zuo)电机(ji)(ji)(ji)驱动器来(lai)(lai)(lai)实现(xian)的(de)，具有适用范围较(jiao)广、编(bian)程较(jiao)灵活等(deng)特点，现(xian)已得到广泛应用，接下(xia)来(lai)(lai)(lai)小编(bian)就(jiu)对电机(ji)(ji)(ji)控(kong)制(zhi)器原理做以(yi)详细介(jie)绍。
电机控制器(qi)，英文名称为controller，是一(yi)种用于控制电机操作的(de)器(qi)件，其功能通常通过集成电路来实现，而(er)非一(yi)个独立的(de)仪(yi)器(qi)装置。电机控制器(qi)具有(you)免(mian)维护、响应速度快(kuai)、对电机的(de)控制稳定(ding)等(deng)特点，现已在(zai)家用电器(qi)、工业控制、军(jun)事、汽(qi)车等(deng)多个领域得到广泛应用，如打印机、工厂(chang)自动化、机械人(ren)等(deng)。
电机(ji)(ji)它(ta)的(de)主要作(zuo)用是产生驱动(dong)转(zhuan)矩，作(zuo)为用电器或(huo)各种机(ji)(ji)械的(de)动(dong)力(li)源。发(fa)电机(ji)(ji)在(zai)电路中用字母(mu)G表示(shi)。它(ta)的(de)主要作(zuo)用是利用电能(neng)转(zhuan)化为机(ji)(ji)械能(neng)。
电动机主要包括一(yi)个用(yong)以产生磁(ci)场(chang)的电磁(ci)铁绕(rao)组(zu)(zu)或分布的定(ding)子绕(rao)组(zu)(zu)和一(yi)个旋(xuan)转(zhuan)电枢(shu)或转(zhuan)子和其它附(fu)件组(zu)(zu)成。在定(ding)子绕(rao)组(zu)(zu)旋(xuan)转(zhuan)磁(ci)场(chang)的作用(yong)下(xia)，其在电枢(shu)鼠笼(long)式铝框中有电流通过并受磁(ci)场(chang)的作用(yong)而(er)使(shi)其转(zhuan)动。
说明：
题图(tu)中的三相异步电(dian)(dian)动机容量为(wei)1.5KW，要(yao)求电(dian)(dian)路能定时自(zi)动循环正(zheng)反(fan)转控制；正(zheng)转维持时间为(wei)20秒(miao)钟，反(fan)转维持时间为(wei)40秒(miao)钟。
按原理图(tu)在配电板上配线(xian)，要求线(xian)路明快、工艺(yi)合(he)理、接点牢(lao)靠(kao)。
简述电路工作原理
注：时(shi)间继电器的延时(shi)时(shi)间不(bu)得(de)小(xiao)于(yu)15秒，时(shi)间调整应从长向(xiang)短调。
定时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自(zi)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)循环控制电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)工(gong)作原理：合(he)(he)上(shang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源开(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)QF，按保(bao)(bao)持(chi)按钮(niu)(niu)SB2，中(zhong)间继电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)KA吸合(he)(he)，KA的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)保(bao)(bao)触(chu)(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)与按钮(niu)(niu)SB2、KT1、KT2断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)延(yan)(yan)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)闭(bi)合(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)触(chu)(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)组成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)串联电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)并(bing)联，接(jie)通(tong)了起(qi)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)控制电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)。按起(qi)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)按钮(niu)(niu)SB3，时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)间继电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)KT1得(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)延(yan)(yan)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)开(kai)(kai)(kai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)触(chu)(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)KT1闭(bi)合(he)(he)，接(jie)触(chu)(chu)(chu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)KM1线(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)得(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，主触(chu)(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)闭(bi)合(he)(he)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)正(zheng)转(zhuan)(zhuan)（正(zheng)转(zhuan)(zhuan)维(wei)(wei)持(chi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)间为20秒计(ji)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)开(kai)(kai)(kai)始）。同时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)KM1动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)触(chu)(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)通(tong)了时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)间继电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)KT2，其串联在接(jie)触(chu)(chu)(chu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)KM2线(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)延(yan)(yan)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)开(kai)(kai)(kai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)触(chu)(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)KT2闭(bi)合(he)(he)，由于KM1的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)互(hu)(hu)锁触(chu)(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)此(ci)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)已断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)开(kai)(kai)(kai)，接(jie)触(chu)(chu)(chu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)KM2线(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)不(bu)能(neng)通(tong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。当正(zheng)转(zhuan)(zhuan)维(wei)(wei)持(chi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)间结束后(hou)，断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)延(yan)(yan)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)开(kai)(kai)(kai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)触(chu)(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)KT1断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)开(kai)(kai)(kai),KM1释放，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)正(zheng)转(zhuan)(zhuan)停止(zhi)。KM1的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)触(chu)(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)闭(bi)合(he)(he)，接(jie)触(chu)(chu)(chu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)KM2线(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)得(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，主触(chu)(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)闭(bi)合(he)(he)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)开(kai)(kai)(kai)始反转(zhuan)(zhuan).同时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)KM1动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)触(chu)(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)开(kai)(kai)(kai)了时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)间继电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)KT2线(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)（反转(zhuan)(zhuan)维(wei)(wei)持(chi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)间为40秒计(ji)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)开(kai)(kai)(kai)始）。这时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)KM2动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)触(chu)(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)又接(jie)通(tong)了KT1线(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)，断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)延(yan)(yan)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)开(kai)(kai)(kai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)触(chu)(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)KT1闭(bi)合(he)(he)，为下次电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)正(zheng)转(zhuan)(zhuan)作准备(bei)。因此(ci)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)串联在接(jie)触(chu)(chu)(chu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)KM1线(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)KM2互(hu)(hu)锁触(chu)(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)开(kai)(kai)(kai)，接(jie)触(chu)(chu)(chu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)KM1线(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)暂时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)得(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。与按钮(niu)(niu)SB2串联的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)KT1、KT2断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)延(yan)(yan)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)闭(bi)合(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)触(chu)(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)是保(bao)(bao)证在电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)自(zi)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)循环结束后(hou)，才(cai)能(neng)再次起(qi)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)控制电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)。 热继电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)FR常闭(bi)触(chu)(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)，是在电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)过负载或(huo)缺相过热时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)将控制电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)自(zi)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)开(kai)(kai)(kai)，保(bao)(bao)护了电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)。
顺序(xu)控(kong)制(zhi)电(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)工作原(yuan)理(li)：图A：KM2线(xian)圈电(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)由KM1线(xian)圈电(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)起(qi)动(dong)、停(ting)止控(kong)制(zhi)环节之(zhi)后接(jie)出。按下起(qi)动(dong)按钮SB2，KM1线(xian)圈得(de)电(dian)(dian)吸合并自锁，此(ci)时才能(neng)控(kong)制(zhi)KM2线(xian)圈电(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)。停(ting)止按钮SB3只(zhi)能(neng)控(kong)制(zhi)M2电(dian)(dian)动(dong)机的停(ting)转，停(ting)止按钮SB1为全停(ting)按钮。本电(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)只(zhi)有(you)满足M1电(dian)(dian)动(dong)机先(xian)起(qi)动(dong)的条件，才能(neng)起(qi)动(dong)M2电(dian)(dian)动(dong)机。
图B：控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)电(dian)(dian)路(lu)由KM1线(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)电(dian)(dian)路(lu)和KM2线(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)电(dian)(dian)路(lu)单独构成。KM1的(de)(de)动合(he)触点作为一控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)条件(jian)，串接(jie)在KM2线(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)电(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)，只(zhi)有KM1线(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)得电(dian)(dian)吸合(he)，其辅组助动合(he)触点闭合(he)，此时才能控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)KM2线(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)电(dian)(dian)路(lu)。停止按钮SB3只(zhi)能控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)M2电(dian)(dian)动机的(de)(de)停转，停止按钮SB1为全停按钮。本电(dian)(dian)路(lu)只(zhi)有满足M1电(dian)(dian)动机先起动的(de)(de)条件(jian)，才能起动M2电(dian)(dian)动机。
说明：
1、本电路起动顺序是先M1电动机，后(hou)M2电动机；停止(zhi)顺序则相反。
2、PLC编程器(qi)连(lian)接及通(tong)电操作。
3、清零操作；程(cheng)序写入操作；根据(ju)梯形图(tu)写出(chu)指令表(biao)。
主机上用导(dao)线连接电动(dong)机顺(shun)序控制。
电(dian)动机(ji)顺序控制电(dian)路(lu)工作原理：合(he)上(shang)电源开关(guan)QS，按下起(qi)动(dong)(dong)按钮SB1，接(jie)(jie)触(chu)器(qi)KM1得电吸合(he)并自保，M1电动(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)(ji)起(qi)动(dong)(dong)运(yun)转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。KM1的另一动(dong)(dong)合(he)触(chu)点闭(bi)合(he)，为接(jie)(jie)触(chu)器(qi)KM2得电作准备。按下起(qi)动(dong)(dong)按钮SB2，接(jie)(jie)触(chu)器(qi)KM2得电吸合(he)并自保，M2电动(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)(ji)起(qi)动(dong)(dong)运(yun)转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。起(qi)动(dong)(dong)顺(shun)序(xu)是(shi)(shi)先KM1吸合(he)，M1电动(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)(ji)起(qi)动(dong)(dong)运(yun)转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)；后KM2吸合(he)，M2电动(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)(ji)起(qi)动(dong)(dong)运(yun)转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。停车顺(shun)序(xu)是(shi)(shi)：只有先按下按钮SB4，使(shi)接(jie)(jie)触(chu)器(qi)KM2断电释放(fang)，KM2的动(dong)(dong)合(he)触(chu)点断开，M2电动(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)(ji)停转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)后再按SB3，M1电动(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)(ji)才能(neng)停止运(yun)转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。热继电器(qi)FR1、FR2常闭(bi)触(chu)点，是(shi)(shi)在电动(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)(ji)过(guo)负载或缺相(xiang)过(guo)热时将控制电路自动(dong)(dong)断开，保护了电动(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)(ji)。
可逆控制电路（范例）电路工作原理：
（图(tu)A）按下(xia)SB2，KM1得电(dian)(dian)吸(xi)合，电(dian)(dian)动机(ji)(ji)起动正(zheng)转(zhuan)。按下(xia)SB1，KM1断(duan)电(dian)(dian)释放(fang)，电(dian)(dian)动机(ji)(ji)停转(zhuan)。按下(xia)SB3，KM2得电(dian)(dian)吸(xi)合，电(dian)(dian)动机(ji)(ji)起动反转(zhuan)。按下(xia)SB1，KM2断(duan)电(dian)(dian)释放(fang)，电(dian)(dian)动机(ji)(ji)停转(zhuan)。缺点：不(bu)能同时按下(xia)SB2 、SB3按钮，否则电(dian)(dian)源将短路(lu)，电(dian)(dian)动机(ji)(ji)无(wu)法工作(zuo)。原因(yin)：主电(dian)(dian)路(lu)接(jie)触器(qi)KM1、KM2连接(jie)到电(dian)(dian)动机(ji)(ji)M的是两(liang)种相序的电(dian)(dian)源，若同时吸(xi)合，在接(jie)触器(qi)连接(jie)点上电(dian)(dian)源被短路(lu)。
（图B）原理同图A。在(zai)KM1线圈电(dian)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)串(chuan)接了KM2的(de)一(yi)(yi)个动(dong)断(duan)触(chu)点：同样，在(zai)KM2线圈电(dian)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)串(chuan)接了KM1的(de)一(yi)(yi)个动(dong)断(duan)触(chu)点。这(zhei)两个动(dong)断(duan)触(chu)点称互(hu)(hu)锁触(chu)点，这(zhei)种互(hu)(hu)锁称电(dian)气互(hu)(hu)锁。保(bao)证(zheng)了任何时(shi)候只有一(yi)(yi)只接触(chu)器吸合，避免了电(dian)源短路(lu)(lu)。缺(que)点：必须先(xian)按停(ting)止按钮SB1，电(dian)动(dong)机(ji)停(ting)转(zhuan)后(hou)，才能起动(dong)电(dian)动(dong)机(ji)的(de)另一(yi)(yi)旋转(zhuan)方向。
（图(tu)C）在(zai)上图(tu)基础上增加了由(you)起动按钮的(de)动断(duan)触点(dian)构成的(de)机(ji)械互锁。如：按下SB2，串接在(zai)KM2线(xian)圈电路(lu)中SB2动断(duan)触点(dian)断(duan)开了KM2线(xian)路(lu)。保证了两个接触器不(bu)(bu)能(neng)同时吸(xi)合，又能(neng)不(bu)(bu)按停止按钮直(zhi)接起动电动机(ji)另一(yi)旋(xuan)转方向。
说明(ming)：（高级）
1、按原理图在配电(dian)板上(shang)配线(xian)，要求(qiu)线(xian)路明快、工艺合理、接点牢靠。
2、简述电路工作原理
双(shuang)重连锁可逆控制电(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)工(gong)作原理：按(an)(an)起(qi)动(dong)按(an)(an)钮(niu)SB2，KM1吸(xi)合并(bing)自(zi)保(bao)(bao)，电(dian)(dian)动(dong)机(ji)正转。与按(an)(an)钮(niu)SB2常触(chu)开点(dian)(dian)并(bing)联(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)KM1触(chu)点(dian)(dian)为(wei)自(zi)保(bao)(bao)触(chu)点(dian)(dian)。按(an)(an)起(qi)动(dong)按(an)(an)钮(niu)SB3，KM1断(duan)(duan)(duan)电(dian)(dian)释(shi)放，KM2吸(xi)合并(bing)自(zi)保(bao)(bao)，电(dian)(dian)动(dong)机(ji)反转。SB1为(wei)停止按(an)(an)钮(niu)。电(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)由按(an)(an)钮(niu)SB2、SB3的(de)(de)动(dong)断(duan)(duan)(duan)触(chu)点(dian)(dian)实现(xian)了(le)机(ji)械联(lian)(lian)锁，串(chuan)联(lian)(lian)在(zai)交(jiao)流(liu)接触(chu)器线圈KM1、KM2中的(de)(de)KM2、KM1辅助动(dong)断(duan)(duan)(duan)触(chu)点(dian)(dian)实现(xian)了(le)电(dian)(dian)气联(lian)(lian)锁。串(chuan)联(lian)(lian)在(zai)控制电(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中的(de)(de)FR动(dong)断(duan)(duan)(duan)触(chu)点(dian)(dian)，是(shi)在(zai)电(dian)(dian)动(dong)机(ji)过负载或缺(que)相过热时热继电(dian)(dian)器将控制电(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)自(zi)动(dong)断(duan)(duan)(duan)开，保(bao)(bao)护了(le)电(dian)(dian)动(dong)机(ji)。
限位开(kai)关(guan)控制自动(dong)往复电(dian)路(1)工作原理：按起动(dong)按钮(niu)(niu)(niu)SB2，KM1吸合(he)并自保，电(dian)动(dong)机(ji)(ji)正转，带动(dong)机(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)设备(bei)(bei)左移(yi)。当撞块碰(peng)压行程开(kai)关(guan)SQ2时，KM1断(duan)电(dian)，KM2得电(dian)吸合(he)并自保，电(dian)动(dong)机(ji)(ji)反转，机(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)设备(bei)(bei)右移(yi)。当撞块碰(peng)压行程开(kai)关(guan)SQ1时，KM2断(duan)电(dian)，KM1得电(dian)，电(dian)动(dong)机(ji)(ji)又正转左移(yi)。SB1为停止按钮(niu)(niu)(niu)。电(dian)路由(you)按钮(niu)(niu)(niu)SB2、SB3及行程开(kai)关(guan)SQ1、 SQ2的动(dong)断(duan)触点(dian)(dian)实(shi)现(xian)了机(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)联(lian)(lian)(lian)锁，串联(lian)(lian)(lian)在交流接触器线圈KM1、KM2中的KM2、KM1辅助触点(dian)(dian)实(shi)现(xian)了电(dian)气联(lian)(lian)(lian)锁。串联(lian)(lian)(lian)在控制电(dian)路中的FR常(chang)闭触点(dian)(dian)，是在电(dian)动(dong)机(ji)(ji)过负(fu)载或缺相过热时热继电(dian)器将(jiang)控制电(dian)路自动(dong)断(duan)开(kai)，保护(hu)了电(dian)动(dong)机(ji)(ji)。
限位开关控制自动往复电路(2)电路工作原理：
按起(qi)动按钮(niu)SB2，KM1吸(xi)合并(bing)自(zi)(zi)保，电(dian)(dian)动机(ji)正(zheng)转，带动机(ji)械设备左移。当(dang)撞块(kuai)(kuai)碰压(ya)行程开(kai)(kai)关(guan)SQ2时，KM1断(duan)电(dian)(dian)，KM2得电(dian)(dian)吸(xi)合并(bing)自(zi)(zi)保，电(dian)(dian)动机(ji)反转，机(ji)械设备右移。当(dang)撞块(kuai)(kuai)碰压(ya)行程开(kai)(kai)关(guan)SQ1时，KM2断(duan)电(dian)(dian)，KM1得电(dian)(dian)，电(dian)(dian)动机(ji)又正(zheng)转左移。SB1为停(ting)止按钮(niu)。电(dian)(dian)路由按钮(niu)SB2、SB3及行程开(kai)(kai)关(guan)SQ1、 SQ2的动断(duan)触点实现(xian)了(le)(le)机(ji)械联锁(suo)，串联在交流接触器(qi)(qi)线圈KM1、KM2中的KM2、KM1辅助触点实现(xian)了(le)(le)电(dian)(dian)气联锁(suo)。串联在控制(zhi)电(dian)(dian)路中的FR常闭(bi)触点，是(shi)在电(dian)(dian)动机(ji)过(guo)负(fu)载或缺相过(guo)热(re)时热(re)继电(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)将控制(zhi)电(dian)(dian)路自(zi)(zi)动断(duan)开(kai)(kai)，保护了(le)(le)电(dian)(dian)动机(ji)。
SQ3、SQ4S是左移和右移的终端位置行程开关。
星形—三角形起动控制电路工作原理：
按起动(dong)(dong)按钮SB2，接(jie)触器(qi)(qi)KM1、KM3和时间继电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)KT线圈(quan)(quan)得电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)吸(xi)合(he)(he)并自保，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)星形(xing)（Y）接(jie)法起动(dong)(dong)。当KT预定延(yan)时时间结(jie)束(shu)时，KM3线圈(quan)(quan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中的(de)通(tong)(tong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)延(yan)时断(duan)开的(de)动(dong)(dong)断(duan)触点(dian)断(duan)开，KM3断(duan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)释放，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)星接(jie)（Y）起动(dong)(dong)结(jie)束(shu)。此(ci)时，KM2线圈(quan)(quan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中的(de)通(tong)(tong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)延(yan)时闭合(he)(he)的(de)动(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)触点(dian)闭合(he)(he)。KM2线圈(quan)(quan)得电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)吸(xi)合(he)(he)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)改(gai)为三角形(xing)（△）接(jie)法运转(zhuan)。串(chuan)联(lian)在接(jie)触器(qi)(qi)线圈(quan)(quan)KM3、KM2电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中的(de)KM2、KM3辅助(zhu)动(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)触点(dian)实现了(le)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)气联(lian)锁。串(chuan)联(lian)在控制电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中的(de)FR动(dong)(dong)断(duan)触点(dian)，是在电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)过负载或(huo)缺相过热(re)时热(re)继电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)将(jiang)控制电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)自动(dong)(dong)断(duan)开，保护了(le)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)。
星形—三角形起动控制电路(2)
星形—三角形起动控制电路(3)
星形—三角形起动控制电路(3)工作原理：
按起动(dong)(dong)(dong)按钮(niu)SB2，接触(chu)器(qi)KM3、KM1和时(shi)(shi)间继电(dian)(dian)器(qi)KT线圈得电(dian)(dian)吸合(he)并(bing)自保，电(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)星形(xing)（Y）接法起动(dong)(dong)(dong)。当KT预(yu)定延时(shi)(shi)时(shi)(shi)间结(jie)束(shu)时(shi)(shi)，KM3线圈电(dian)(dian)路(lu)中的通电(dian)(dian)延时(shi)(shi)断(duan)(duan)开(kai)(kai)的动(dong)(dong)(dong)断(duan)(duan)触(chu)点断(duan)(duan)开(kai)(kai)，KM3断(duan)(duan)电(dian)(dian)释放(fang)，电(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)星接（Y）起动(dong)(dong)(dong)结(jie)束(shu)，KM2线圈得电(dian)(dian)吸合(he)，电(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)改为三(san)角形(xing)（△）接法运(yun)转(zhuan)。串联在控(kong)制电(dian)(dian)路(lu)中的FR动(dong)(dong)(dong)断(duan)(duan)触(chu)点，是在电(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)过(guo)负载或缺相过(guo)热(re)(re)时(shi)(shi)热(re)(re)继电(dian)(dian)器(qi)将控(kong)制电(dian)(dian)路(lu)自动(dong)(dong)(dong)断(duan)(duan)开(kai)(kai)，保护了(le)电(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)。
自耦变压器减压起动控制电路工作原理：
合(he)(he)(he)上(shang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)开关，按起(qi)动按钮SB2，接触(chu)器(qi)KM1线圈(quan)得电(dian)(dian)(dian)吸(xi)合(he)(he)(he)并自(zi)保(bao)，将自(zi)耦变(bian)(bian)压(ya)器(qi)T接入，电(dian)(dian)(dian)动机定子绕组经自(zi)耦变(bian)(bian)压(ya)器(qi)供电(dian)(dian)(dian)减(jian)压(ya)起(qi)动；同时(shi)(shi)，KT线圈(quan)得电(dian)(dian)(dian)吸(xi)合(he)(he)(he)，计时(shi)(shi)开始。当(dang)KT整定延(yan)时(shi)(shi)时(shi)(shi)间(jian)结束时(shi)(shi)，其通电(dian)(dian)(dian)延(yan)时(shi)(shi)闭合(he)(he)(he)的(de)动合(he)(he)(he)触(chu)点(dian)闭合(he)(he)(he)，使(shi)中间(jian)继(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)KA的(de)线圈(quan)得电(dian)(dian)(dian)吸(xi)合(he)(he)(he)并自(zi)保(bao)，KM1断(duan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)释放,其主(zhu)触(chu)点(dian)断(duan)开； KM2线圈(quan)得电(dian)(dian)(dian)吸(xi)合(he)(he)(he)，其主(zhu)触(chu)点(dian)闭合(he)(he)(he)，自(zi)耦变(bian)(bian)压(ya)器(qi)被切除(chu)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)动机全压(ya)运行。
自耦变压器减压起动起动控制电路(2)
时间原则能耗制动控制电路工作原理：
合上电源开关，按起动(dong)(dong)按钮SB2，接(jie)触(chu)(chu)(chu)器KM1线(xian)圈(quan)(quan)得电吸(xi)合并自保(bao)，电动(dong)(dong)机起动(dong)(dong)运转(zhuan)(zhuan)。当按停止按钮SB1时(shi)(shi)(shi)，KM1线(xian)圈(quan)(quan)断电释放(fang)，其(qi)(qi)主(zhu)触(chu)(chu)(chu)点断开，定子(zi)绕组断电；同时(shi)(shi)(shi)，KM2、KT线(xian)圈(quan)(quan)得电吸(xi)合并，KM2主(zhu)触(chu)(chu)(chu)点闭合，电动(dong)(dong)机二相定子(zi)绕组接(jie)入直流(liu)电源进行能耗制(zhi)动(dong)(dong)。使电动(dong)(dong)机转(zhuan)(zhuan)速迅(xun)速下降，当机转(zhuan)(zhuan)接(jie)近零时(shi)(shi)(shi)，时(shi)(shi)(shi)间(jian)继(ji)电器KT延时(shi)(shi)(shi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)间(jian)到。其(qi)(qi)通电延时(shi)(shi)(shi)断开的动(dong)(dong)断触(chu)(chu)(chu)点断开，使KM2、KT线(xian)圈(quan)(quan)相继(ji)断电释放(fang)，制(zhi)动(dong)(dong)过程(cheng)结束(shu)。
RP为调节制动力大小的限流(liu)电阻。
4/2极双速电动机起动控制电路工作原理：
图中(zhong)KM1为三(san)角形(xing)接(jie)法(fa)（△）接(jie)触器，KM2、 KM3为双(shuang)星形(xing)接(jie)法(fa)（YY）接(jie)触器。
合(he)上电(dian)(dian)源开关(guan)，按(an)起(qi)动(dong)(dong)按(an)钮SB2，接触器KM1、KT线圈(quan)相继得(de)电(dian)(dian)吸合(he)并(bing)自(zi)(zi)保，电(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)机(ji)定(ding)子绕(rao)组(zu)接成(cheng)(cheng)三角形接法（△）4极起(qi)动(dong)(dong)；经一定(ding)时(shi)间延时(shi)后，KT的通电(dian)(dian)延时(shi)断(duan)开的动(dong)(dong)断(duan)触点断(duan)开，KM1断(duan)电(dian)(dian)释(shi)放，KT的通电(dian)(dian)延时(shi)闭(bi)合(he)的动(dong)(dong)合(he)触点闭(bi)合(he)，KM2、 KM3线圈(quan)得(de)电(dian)(dian)吸合(he)并(bing)自(zi)(zi)保，电(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)机(ji)定(ding)子绕(rao)组(zu)接成(cheng)(cheng)双(shuang)星(xing)形接法（YY）2极运转。
由于双速电(dian)动机定(ding)子绕组的(de)接线原(yuan)因，换极的(de)同时应改变电(dian)源的(de)相序。
4/2极双速电动机起动控制电路工作原理：
图中KM1为三角形(xing)(xing)接(jie)法（△）接(jie)触器(qi)，KM2、 KM3为双星形(xing)(xing)接(jie)法（YY）接(jie)触器(qi)。
合(he)上(shang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)开关，按(an)起(qi)动(dong)(dong)按(an)钮SB2，接触(chu)器KM1、KT线圈相继得电(dian)(dian)(dian)吸(xi)合(he)并自(zi)保(bao)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)机定子(zi)绕(rao)组接成(cheng)三角(jiao)形接法（△）4极(ji)起(qi)动(dong)(dong)；经一定时间延(yan)时后，KT的(de)通(tong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)延(yan)时断开的(de)动(dong)(dong)断触(chu)点(dian)断开，KM1断电(dian)(dian)(dian)释放，KT的(de)通(tong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)延(yan)时闭合(he)的(de)动(dong)(dong)合(he)触(chu)点(dian)闭合(he)，KM2、 KM3线圈得电(dian)(dian)(dian)吸(xi)合(he)并自(zi)保(bao)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)机定子(zi)绕(rao)组接成(cheng)双星形接法（YY）2极(ji)运转。
由于双速电(dian)动机定子(zi)绕(rao)组的(de)接线原因，换极(ji)的(de)同(tong)时应改变电(dian)源的(de)相序。
串联在(zai)控制(zhi)电路(lu)中的(de)FR动(dong)断触点(dian)，是在(zai)电动(dong)机(ji)过(guo)负载或缺(que)相过(guo)热时热继电器(qi)将控制(zhi)电路(lu)自动(dong)断开，保护了电动(dong)机(ji)。
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