20种摩(mo)(mo)托(tuo)车(che)电路(lu)图 解析摩(mo)(mo)托(tuo)车(che)各(ge)部件电路(lu)图和结构原理 KIA MOS管(guan)
信(xin)息来源：本站 日期：2018-04-20
摩托车电路图
充分(fen)了(le)解摩(mo)托(tuo)车电子部件(jian)的(de)种类(lei)、性能(neng)、特征(zheng)、特性以及在(zai)电路(lu)中的(de)符号、在(zai)电路(lu)中的(de)作用和(he)功能(neng)等(deng)，懂得哪些参数会对电路(lu)性能(neng)和(he)功能(neng)产生什么样的(de)影响，为进一步熟悉了(le)解“摩(mo)托(tuo)车电气部件(jian)”奠定了(le)良好的(de)基础，也就更(geng)容易(yi)深化自己对摩(mo)托(tuo)车整车控(kong)制性能(neng)的(de)认知。下面详解各种电路(lu)分(fen)析
摩(mo)托车充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)图该充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)器只利用了交流电(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)正半周充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)速度较快，且(qie)能延长电(dian)(dian)(dian)池寿命，在(zai)普通的(de)(de)么托车上使(shi)用该充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)器，性能极好(hao)，可省燃油5%左右(you)，是一(yi)个实用的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，此(ci)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)作者正在(zai)使(shi)用中(zhong)。
工(gong)作原理：（如上图）交(jiao)流电(dian)压同时加到D1和SCR，经过D1的(de)半(ban)波整(zheng)流后通(tong)R1、R2、Q1、R3向(xiang)SCR提(ti)供(gong)触发电(dian)压，此时SCR给(ji)电(dian)池(chi)充(chong)电(dian)，当电(dian)池(chi)电(dian)压上升(sheng)至13.5V时ZD1导(dao)通(tong)，电(dian)压经过R5、D2向(xiang)Q2提(ti)供(gong)偏压，使Q2导(dao)通(tong)，Q1反偏截(jie)止，SCR停止输出，当电(dian)池(chi)电(dian)压低(di)于13-13.5V时。
充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)特(te)点:本充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)器直接(jie)使用220V交流市电(dian)(dian)(dian)，通过触发电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的控(kong)制，实现(xian)其输出电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)从0V起调，适合于对(dui) 12V－220V的蓄电(dian)(dian)(dian)池（组）充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)。
工作(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)理 ：电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)工作(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)理见(jian)图(tu)1。由(you)电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、触(chu)(chu)发(fa)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)和(he)(he)主控(kong)(kong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)三部分(fen)组成。220V市电(dian)(dian)(dian)经(jing)电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)开关S－S'、电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)变压(ya)器(qi)T1降压(ya)后，由(you)二(er)极管VD1－VD4组成的(de)(de)(de)全波(bo)(bo)整流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)整流(liu)，变为脉(mai)(mai)动(dong)直流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。一路(lu)经(jing)电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻R1限流(liu)和(he)(he)稳(wen)压(ya)二(er)极管DW稳(wen)压(ya)，输(shu)(shu)送(song)约(yue)18V的(de)(de)(de)梯(ti)形波(bo)(bo)同步(bu)稳(wen)压(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，作(zuo)(zuo)为时基集(ji)成电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)NE555及其(qi)外围(wei)元件构(gou)成的(de)(de)(de)无稳(wen)态(tai)振荡(dang)(dang)器(qi)RC延时环节的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)；另一路(lu)经(jing)过三端稳(wen)压(ya)集(ji)成电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)IC1 AN7812送(song)出12V稳(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)梯(ti)形波(bo)(bo)同步(bu)稳(wen)压(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)IC2的(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。触(chu)(chu)发(fa)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)由(you)IC2 NE555及R2、R3、RP、C1、C2等元件构(gou)成，振荡(dang)(dang)周期小(xiao)于10ms固定(ding)不变，仅可(ke)改(gai)变输(shu)(shu)出矩形波(bo)(bo)占空比的(de)(de)(de)无稳(wen)态(tai)振荡(dang)(dang)器(qi)和(he)(he)R4、脉(mai)(mai)冲变压(ya)器(qi)T2形成触(chu)(chu)发(fa)脉(mai)(mai)冲。振荡(dang)(dang)器(qi)之所以(yi)采用18V和(he)(he)12V两路(lu)同步(bu)稳(wen)压(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)是增大(da)输(shu)(shu)出矩形波(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)(de)占空比，即增大(da)触(chu)(chu)发(fa)脉(mai)(mai)冲的(de)(de)(de)移相范(fan)围(wei)。本触(chu)(chu)发(fa)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)移相范(fan)围(wei)大(da)于120°，调节电(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)器(qi)RP即可(ke)输(shu)(shu)出不同触(chu)(chu)发(fa)角(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)触(chu)(chu)发(fa)脉(mai)(mai)冲，从(cong)而达到控(kong)(kong)制可(ke)控(kong)(kong)硅VS导通角(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)。
摩(mo)(mo)托(tuo)车(che)尾牌加装(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)霓虹(hong)灯(deng)闪光器电路图与(yu)工作(zuo)原(yuan)理(li)：为摩(mo)(mo)托(tuo)车(che)尾牌加装(zhuang)如图所示的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)霓虹(hong)灯(deng)闪光器，可以增加摩(mo)(mo)托(tuo)车(che)夜行时(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全，引起尾随(sui)其(qi)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)车(che)辆注意(yi)，同时(shi)它也(ye)可在摩(mo)(mo)托(tuo)车(che)刹车(che)时(shi)随(sui)着(zhe)尾灯(deng)而(er)闪烁。该(gai)装(zhuang)置可取一段长短恰能环(huan)绕车(che)号牌一周的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)霓虹(hong)灯(deng)管，作(zuo)车(che)牌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)夜行照明显示。VT1、VT2构成一个互补型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)无(wu)稳(wen)态多谐振荡器，BP1、C3决定了振荡器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)频率(lv)，RP2上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信号电压(ya)经VT3放大(da)推(tui)动升压(ya)变(bian)压(ya)器T，这样在T的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)次级(ji)感(gan)应出高压(ya)脉冲(chong)而(er)使(shi)霓虹(hong)灯(deng)发光。
元器(qi)件选择：图中除已标(biao)明的(de)器(qi)件型号外(wai)，光敏电阻(zu)可(ke)选用(yong)M45系列，要求暗阻(zu)>1MΩ，而亮(liang)阻(zu)<10kΩ；脉冲(chong)变(bian)压器(qi)T可(ke)选取E12型磁芯MXQ-2000，初(chu)级用(yong)Φ0.51mm的(de)漆包线绕45匝(za)，次(ci)级用(yong)Φ0.21mm的(de)高强度漆包线绕1500匝(za)左右(you)而成(cheng)。若无绕制条件，也可(ke)用(yong)成(cheng)品9V／3W以上的(de)电源变(bian)压器(qi)代用(yong)，将其初(chu)次(ci)级反接(jie)，但使用(yong)效果(guo)较之上述的(de)专用(yong)高频变(bian)压器(qi)要差一些，这时还应选取击(ji)穿电压在(zai)200V左右(you)的(de)霓虹灯管。
摩托(tuo)车变色闪光尾(wei)灯(deng)的电路如(ru)图所(suo)示(shi)。闪光尾(wei)灯(deng)由红、绿灯(deng)交叉组成。正(zheng)常行驶(shi)时，红、绿灯(deng)按(an)编(bian)程(cheng)顺序流(liu)动发光。刹车时，所(suo)有(you)绿灯(deng)熄灭，而所(suo)有(you)红灯(deng)点亮。
摩(mo)托车(che)工(gong)具箱用LED闪(shan)烁(shuo)板原理分(fen)析，当电(dian)源从1端(duan)(duan)接入时V2导(dao)通，IC2得电(dian)工(gong)作(zuo)。CD4017构成六进计数(shu)器，其时钟脉冲由(you)(you)IC1组(zu)成的多(duo)谐振(zhen)荡(dang)(dang)器提供。由(you)(you)于(yu)2端(duan)(duan)没有加电(dian)，V1截(jie)(jie)止(zhi)使LED只受(shou)IC2控(kong)制，闪(shan)光效(xiao)果(guo)为从中间向(xiang)两边巡回(hui)点亮。振(zhen)荡(dang)(dang)频率由(you)(you)R2、R3、C3决定，闪(shan)烁(shuo)较(jiao)快(kuai)。当电(dian)源由(you)(you)2端(duan)(duan)接入时，V2截(jie)(jie)止(zhi)，V1导(dao)通，IC2不工(gong)作(zuo)，LED受(shou)IC1输(shu)出(chu)控(kong)制。由(you)(you)于(yu)D3导(dao)通，IC1的振(zhen)荡(dang)(dang)频率由(you)(you)R2、R3、C2、C3决定，闪(shan)烁(shuo)较(jiao)慢。闪(shan)光效(xiao)果(guo)为整排LED一(yi)起亮。
工作(zuo)(zuo)原理:为摩(mo)托车(che)尾牌加装如图所(suo)示(shi)的(de)霓虹(hong)(hong)灯闪光器，可(ke)以增加摩(mo)托车(che)夜行(xing)时(shi)的(de)安全，引起(qi)尾随其(qi)后的(de)车(che)辆注意，同时(shi)它也可(ke)在(zai)摩(mo)托车(che)刹车(che)时(shi)随着尾灯而闪烁。该装置可(ke)取一段(duan)长短恰能环绕(rao)车(che)号(hao)(hao)牌一周(zhou)的(de)霓虹(hong)(hong)灯管，作(zuo)(zuo)车(che)牌的(de)夜行(xing)照明显示(shi)。VT1、VT2构成一个互补型的(de)无稳态多谐振(zhen)荡器，BP1、C3决(jue)定了振(zhen)荡器的(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)频率，RP2上的(de)信号(hao)(hao)电压(ya)经VT3放大推(tui)动升(sheng)压(ya)变压(ya)器T，这样在(zai)T的(de)次级感应出高压(ya)脉冲而使霓虹(hong)(hong)灯发光。
电路原理如(ru)图所示:S1是(shi)电源开关,由车(che)锁(suo)控(kong)制,S2为原刹(cha)车(che)灯(deng)控(kong)制开关。闭合开关S1,由于(yu)(yu)电容C1两端的(de)电压不能突变(bian),IC的(de)②脚(jiao)为低(di)电平(ping),刹(cha)车(che)灯(deng)H亮,几秒(miao)钟(zhong)后,由于(yu)(yu)C1被(bei)放(fang)(fang)电,使IC的(de)②脚(jiao)电压高于(yu)(yu)1.6V时,灯(deng)H熄灭(mie)。当行(xing)驶中的(de)摩托车(che)遇(yu)到情况减(jian)速或停车(che)时,开关S2闭合将(jiang)C1两端短(duan)路放(fang)(fang)电,使开关IC的(de)②脚(jiao)变(bian)成(cheng)低(di)电平(ping),刹(cha)车(che)灯(deng)H随即(ji)被(bei)点亮,S2复(fu)位后,H须延时几秒(miao)钟(zhong)后才能熄灭(mie)。
摩(mo)托(tuo)车(che)防(fang)盗(dao)报(bao)警(jing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)原理图中(zhong)一(yi)个555集(ji)(ji)成电(dian)(dian)路(lu)在单稳态(tai)定(ding)时器(qi)(qi)(qi)电(dian)(dian)路(lu)相连，它(ta)在一(yi)段(duan)预设的时间段(duan)内开(kai)启(qi)了场(chang)效应晶体管和(he)警(jing)报(bao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)或自行(xing)车(che)喇(la)叭(ba)圈(quan)。开(kai)关S1是用作开(kai)启(qi)/关闭开(kai)关。无(wu)论(lun)关闭两个开(kai)关中(zhong)的任何一(yi)个，S2和(he)S3，都将会触发集(ji)(ji)成电(dian)(dian)路(lu)。当任何一(yi)个关闭的时候，UI的引脚2变低电(dian)(dian)平。
发(fa)射(she)机(ji)部(bu)分：继电(dian)器K和可控硅VS用来(lai)控制(zhi)发(fa)射(she)机(ji)电(dian)路的(de)电(dian)源。IC1组成(cheng)警声信号电(dian)路。晶体管(guan)V及其(qi)外围元件组成(cheng)射(she)频振荡电(dian)路，发(fa)射(she)报(bao)(bao)(bao)警信号。在(zai)等(deng)待状态(tai)时(shi)，开(kai)关S1接通(tong)，而SB1断开(kai)（即(ji)车头锁(suo)被锁(suo)住(zhu)），K就处在(zai)释(shi)放状态(tai)，报(bao)(bao)(bao)警发(fa)射(she)机(ji)不工作。当车头锁(suo)被打开(kai)时(shi)（即(ji)SB1接通(tong)），VS被触(chu)发(fa)导通(tong)，K吸合，接通(tong)发(fa)射(she)机(ji)电(dian)源。SB1接通(tong)后，K－2的(de)常(chang)开(kai)点(dian)将其(qi)自(zi)锁(suo)，此(ci)时(shi)只有(you)断开(kai)S1报(bao)(bao)(bao)警方能(neng)结束。在(zai)K动(dong)作时(shi)，其(qi)常(chang)闭触(chu)点(dian)K－l断开(kai)，切断发(fa)动(dong)机(ji)点(dian)火(huo)电(dian)路。接收(shou)机(ji)电(dian)路由(you)TDA7010和开(kai)关功(gong)放TWH8778、TWH68组成(cheng)。当IC2 收(shou)到(dao)报(bao)(bao)(bao)警信号时(shi)其(qi)互脚的(de)高电(dian)平通(tong)过IC3经IC4放大由(you)TWH15放出(chu)报(bao)(bao)(bao)警声。但要(yao)考虑到(dao)频率的(de)稳定性，因为7010自(zi)身没有(you)频率稳定电(dian)路，在(zai)工作时(shi)要(yao)多作检测(ce)，最好用印制(zhi)板和贴片元件。
本装置电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路如图所示。磁(ci)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)输(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)经(jing)二极管(guan)Ｄ１～Ｄ６整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)后变成(cheng)(cheng)脉动直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)两路输(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)。一(yi)路由Ｑ１、Ｑ２、Ｑ３、Ｒ１、Ｒ７、ＤＷ１，以(yi)及Ｃ２组(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)典(dian)型晶体管(guan)串联稳压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路稳压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)后输(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)１６Ｖ电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，经(jing)Ｄ８给蓄(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；另一(yi)路经(jing)Ｄ７隔离后由Ｃ１滤波、ＩＣ１稳压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)得到１２Ｖ直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)稳定(ding)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)对运算(suan)(suan)放(fang)大(da)器(qi)ＩＣ２供电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，并(bing)且经(jing)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻Ｒ６接(jie)至(zhi)(zhi)ＩＣ２的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)②脚(jiao)作(zuo)基准(zhun)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，蓄(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)经(jing)Ｒ４、Ｒ５分(fen)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)后送至(zhi)(zhi)ＩＣ２的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)③脚(jiao)作(zuo)为比较(jiao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。当(dang)蓄(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)于(yu)１４。４Ｖ时(shi)(shi)，加至(zhi)(zhi)ＩＣ２③脚(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比较(jiao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)比②脚(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)１２Ｖ基准(zhun)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)，运算(suan)(suan)放(fang)大(da)器(qi)输(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)低(di)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平，Ｑ４截(jie)止，Ｑ１～Ｑ３正常(chang)工作(zuo)输(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)１６Ｖ电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。当(dang)蓄(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于(yu)１４。４Ｖ时(shi)(shi)，ＩＣ２的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)③脚(jiao)比较(jiao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于(yu)②脚(jiao)基准(zhun)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，ＩＣ２输(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)高电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平，Ｑ４饱和导(dao)通(tong)，分(fen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)掉(diao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)入Ｑ３基极的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，从而(er)造成(cheng)(cheng)Ｑ１Ｑ２的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)输(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)大(da)幅下(xia)降(jiang)，Ｄ８截(jie)止，停止向蓄(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和向电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)供电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。此时(shi)(shi)，车(che)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)均由蓄(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池供电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。当(dang)蓄(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)再次(ci)低(di)于(yu)１４。４Ｖ时(shi)(shi)，则ＩＣ２又(you)输(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)低(di)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平，Ｑ１、Ｑ２又(you)正常(chang)输(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)。显然，当(dang)蓄(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充满电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)时(shi)(shi)，磁(ci)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)几乎工作(zuo)在空载状(zhuang)态(tai)，而(er)不(bu)像常(chang)规的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硅整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)稳压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)那(nei)样处(chu)于(yu)大(da)负荷短(duan)路状(zhuang)态(tai)，这就达到了节能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)Ｒ３为ＩＣ２的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正反馈电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，Ｒ７用于(yu)在Ｑ１Ｑ２截(jie)止时(shi)(shi)给蓄(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池进行涓流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，Ｄ９的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用是保(bao)证某些运算(suan)(suan)放(fang)大(da)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微(wei)量(liang)零漂输(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)不(bu)至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)导(dao)致Ｑ４导(dao)通(tong)，而(er)产生误动作(zuo)。
此6v转12v电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)是一个(ge)简(jian)单(dan)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)图，可以提供高(gao)达800mA 12V电(dian)(dian)(dian)源。适用于摩托车音响等(deng)简(jian)单(dan)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)。通过修(xiu)改(gai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)一些(xie)元件，可以改(gai)变不同的(de)(de)输出(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压。
1、L1电感为直径(jing)为0.5mm漆包(bao)线(xian),80匝(za)，外径(jing)40毫米环形(xing)磁芯。
2、D3的(de)值不同可以被用(yong)来调整从约0.6V至30V的(de)左右不同的(de)输(shu)出电(dian)压(ya)。请注意，在高(gao)电(dian)压(ya)的(de)电(dian)路可能电(dian)流提(ti)供不足(zu)。
3、C3可用(yong)一(yi)个较大(da)的值，以提供更好的滤波。
电(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)与非门A2A、A2B和电(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R1及C3组成(cheng)高(gao)(gao)频(pin)(pin)振荡(dang)器(qi)，其(qi)输出(chu)(chu)(chu)接在(zai)V2的(de)(de)(de)基极；A2C、A2D、R2、C4组成(cheng)低频(pin)(pin)振荡(dang)器(qi)，控制与非门A2A的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)个(ge)输入端(duan)1的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)。当(dang)(dang)低频(pin)(pin)振荡(dang)器(qi)输出(chu)(chu)(chu)端(duan)10脚(jiao)为高(gao)(gao)电(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)时(shi)，A2A打开，高(gao)(gao)频(pin)(pin)振荡(dang)器(qi)起振，A2A信(xin)号(hao)(hao)加在(zai)V2的(de)(de)(de)基极，使(shi)其(qi)工(gong)作在(zai)开关(guan)状(zhuang)态(tai)。V2的(de)(de)(de)发(fa)(fa)射极接到(dao)高(gao)(gao)频(pin)(pin)变压器(qi)T的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)次(ci)线圈，在(zai)其(qi)二次(ci)侧产(chan)生(sheng)一(yi)系列高(gao)(gao)频(pin)(pin)脉冲信(xin)号(hao)(hao)。该信(xin)号(hao)(hao)触发(fa)(fa)双向(xiang)晶闸管V3导(dao)(dao)通(tong)。当(dang)(dang)低频(pin)(pin)振荡(dang)器(qi)输出(chu)(chu)(chu)端(duan)为低电(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)时(shi)，A2A的(de)(de)(de)输出(chu)(chu)(chu)端(duan)3为高(gao)(gao)电(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)，V2、V3截止(zhi)。当(dang)(dang)低频(pin)(pin)振荡(dang)器(qi)输出(chu)(chu)(chu)端(duan)又变为高(gao)(gao)电(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)时(shi)，V3又变为导(dao)(dao)通(tong)。这样周而复(fu)始地振荡(dang)下去，V3将断(duan)续导(dao)(dao)通(tong)。如转(zhuan)向(xiang)开关(guan)S打到(dao)左（L）或(huo)右（R）位(wei)置时(shi)，由(you)于V3的(de)(de)(de)断(duan)续导(dao)(dao)通(tong)，使(shi)得转(zhuan)向(xiang)灯也断(duan)续发(fa)(fa)光(guang)而产(chan)生(sheng)闪光(guang)效(xiao)果。若(ruo)在(zai)V3的(de)(de)(de)阴极或(huo)阳极并(bing)联(lian)一(yi)个(ge)扬声(sheng)器(qi)，则在(zai)转(zhuan)向(xiang)时(shi)可(ke)发(fa)(fa)出(chu)(chu)(chu)声(sheng)响，并(bing)提醒(xing)驾(jia)驶员在(zai)转(zhuan)向(xiang)后不(bu)要忘记关(guan)闭转(zhuan)向(xiang)灯。
摩托车电(dian)(dian)(dian)子喇叭一般(ban)是使用电(dian)(dian)(dian)磁振动(dong)式的，其(qi)内部有一组线圈。通(tong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)后产生磁场(chang)，吸(xi)合振动(dong)膜发(fa)声，它的优点是结构简单。但是其(qi)工作(zuo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大，一般(ban)最小(xiao)工作(zuo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)也达1.5A，而另加装(zhuang)的高低(di)音(yin)蜗耳式喇叭，工作(zuo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)高达3A，使用时对喇叭开关及线路易造成损坏，下面(mian)介(jie)绍一种低(di)功耗高响度(du)电(dian)(dian)(dian)子喇叭。
电(dian)(dian)路(lu)如图所示(shi)。NE555构成(cheng)音(yin)频(pin)振荡器电(dian)(dian)路(lu)，音(yin)频(pin)信号经其3脚(jiao)输出，直接耦合(he)至由三(san)极(ji)管(guan) VT1、VT2、VT3构成(cheng)的复合(he)管(guan)功放(fang)电(dian)(dian)路(lu)进(jin)行放(fang)大，然后(hou)推动(dong)喇(la)叭(ba)Y发声，因功放(fang)采用三(san)管(guan)复合(he)放(fang)大，故其放(fang)大倍数很大，所以该电(dian)(dian)路(lu)耗电(dian)(dian)省(sheng)，响度高，达到(dao)122dB，经测定，其工(gong)作(zuo)电(dian)(dian)流小(xiao)于(yu)0.5A。
制作时，喇叭(ba)Y用4Ω、5W以上的小口径(jing)高(gao)音动圈式(shi)(shi)电(dian)喇叭(ba)，如能找到动圈式(shi)(shi)号筒形警笛(di)喇叭(ba)则效(xiao)果会更好；调节R 可改变Y的发音效(xiao)果。也可通过改变C1的值来实(shi)现。注意Y要(yao)安装于防(fang)水处(chu)。
有人动(dong)车时(shi)，振动(dong)传(chuan)感器(qi)ZC接(jie)到振动(dong)信号，经(jing)(jing)IC1D放(fang)大，再通过(guo) C3、R7组成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)微分电(dian)路(lu)，将低电(dian)平(ping)信号耦合到IC1C的(de)(de)(de)输(shu)人端(duan)，输(shu)出(chu)端(duan)输(shu)出(chu)高电(dian)平(ping)“l”，通过(guo)R8为四声集成(cheng)(cheng)电(dian)路(lu)IC2提(ti)供电(dian)源，IC2发出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)警(jing)报(bao)声经(jing)(jing)V2的(de)(de)(de)推(tui)动(dong)，再经(jing)(jing)V5功率放(fang)大发出(chu)声音。同时(shi)，10脚的(de)(de)(de)“1”信号通过(guo)D2将12脚置于“l”封锁了输(shu)人端(duan)，因(yin)此IC1D可以保持11脚输(shu)出(chu)低电(dian)平(ping)“0”。C3、R6组成(cheng)(cheng)微分电(dian)路(lu)，随着时(shi)间的(de)(de)(de)延(yan)长，8、9脚的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)位升(sheng)高，当升(sheng)高到IC1C的(de)(de)(de)输(shu)人阈值时(shi)，IC1C 翻转(zhuan)，输(shu)出(chu)“0”，警(jing)报(bao)声停止，进(jin)人警(jing)戒状态。引线3接(jie)车钥匙提(ti)供的(de)(de)(de)正电(dian)源。引线4接(jie)喇叭开关。
如(ru)附图所示。通电复位，电路进入工作状态。液晶(jing)显(xian)示屏显(xian)示“892051”字样。3秒钟后，前(qian)两位显(xian)示当前(qian)车(che)速，后四位显(xian)示当前(qian)车(che)里程。按下(xia)K1夜(ye)(ye)灯点亮，以(yi)方便驾驶员(yuan)在夜(ye)(ye)行时看时速表(biao)，再次按下(xia)Kl则关(guan)闭夜(ye)(ye)灯；按下(xia)K2则里程表(biao)清零(ling)。
摩(mo)托车在(zai)行驶时(shi)，安装在(zai)摩(mo)托车轮(lun)毂上(shang)的四片(pian)磁(ci)(ci)极(ji)跟着车轮(lun)一起(qi)转(zhuan)(zhuan)动，当(dang)磁(ci)(ci)极(ji)经过安装在(zai)磁(ci)(ci)极(ji)运行轨道附(fu)近的霍尔磁(ci)(ci)传感(gan)器(qi)（IC4）时(shi)，磁(ci)(ci)传感(gan)器(qi)②脚电平就会输出(chu)脉(mai)冲(chong)信号(hao)。这(zhei)一脉(mai)冲(chong)信号(hao)即是车轮(lun)转(zhuan)(zhuan)动的频率信号(hao)。由于(yu)N、S磁(ci)(ci)极(ji)各感(gan)应磁(ci)(ci)传感(gan)器(qi)一次，其②脚电平就变化一次。所以从磁(ci)(ci)传感(gan)器(qi)上(shang)获(huo)得(de)的频率实际(ji)是摩(mo)托车车轮(lun)转(zhuan)(zhuan)动频率的两倍。
从(cong)(cong)磁传(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)②脚(jiao)输出的(de)两(liang)(liang)倍(bei)转(zhuan)速频率(lv)信号先送(song)(song)至(zhi)Q2进行放大(da)，再经由两(liang)(liang)个与非门构成的(de)触发器(qi)送(song)(song)至(zhi)单片机AT89C205l的(de)P3.4脚(jiao)进行频率(lv)计数，从(cong)(cong)而(er)得(de)(de)出当前(qian)摩(mo)托车时(shi)速。设(she)摩(mo)托车车轮(lun)的(de)周长为(wei)L，所测得(de)(de)的(de)频率(lv)为(wei)N，则当前(qian)摩(mo)托车的(de)时(shi)速V=（N/2）×Lx3.6km/h。
上图和下图是(shi)两种点(dian)火(huo)(huo)器电(dian)(dian)路，其基本(ben)原理都是(shi)由(you)主点(dian)火(huo)(huo)线(xian)圈(quan)L1向C1充(chong)电(dian)(dian)，控(kong)制线(xian)圈(quan)L2触(chu)发可控(kong)硅(gui)，使C1向L3放电(dian)(dian)，由(you)L4感应出高压完成点(dian)火(huo)(huo)。
上图(tu)是一种自动(dong)跟踪电路。L2产生的(de)相位脉冲由IC(2)脚输入，再(zai)由IC(1)脚输出。IC(12)、(13)脚及其(qi)外(wai)围元件设(she)定的(de)积分电压波(bo)形与(yu)内(nei)部进角电压波(bo)形比(bi)较。控制进角开关(guan)开通。
因此，IC(10)脚输(shu)出的信号(hao)会跟踪(zong)发动机转(zhuan)速(su)度变化而(er)自(zi)动调整点火提前。但(dan)这(zhei)一(yi)电(dian)路(lu)在国产摩(mo)托(tuo)车实际应用中故障(zhang)率高(gao)。原因是点火器塑料盒(he)子体积小，长宽(kuan)只有6.5cm×3.2cm，所以元件(jian)排(pai)列密度大，加上国产小型化元件(jian)离(li)散(san)性大。很多这(zhei)种(zhong)点火器在工作(zuo)一(yi)至两年后(hou)出现车子打火难和马(ma)力(li)下降等现象。此外，这(zhei)种(zhong)电(dian)路(lu)元器件(jian)多、成(cheng)本高(gao)，不适合读(du)者制作(zuo)和生产。
掌握摩托车电(dian)路故(gu)障的检查方法(fa)，首先要了解摩托车电(dian)路的结构特点：
a）用(yong)电设备(bei)的各工(gong)作部分(fen)均与电源设备(bei)并(bing)联，开关则串联于二者之间。在开关的控制下，相应地(di)(di)各个用(yong)电设备(bei)可(ke)以(yi)互(hu)不干(gan)扰地(di)(di)停止或恢复(fu)工(gong)作。根据这一特点，在一般情(qing)况下，可(ke)以(yi)方便地(di)(di)单独(du)检查某个用(yong)电设备(bei)是否正常工(gong)作。
b）在用电(dian)(dian)设备(bei)与电(dian)(dian)源设备(bei)的(de)连接(jie)(jie)中，均(jun)采取“单(dan)线(xian)制(zhi)”，即并联(lian)连接(jie)(jie)的(de)一(yi)端(duan)(duan)用导线(xian)连接(jie)(jie)（称火(huo)线(xian)），另一(yi)端(duan)(duan)则借(jie)助于摩托车(che)的(de)金属车(che)体进行连接(jie)(jie)（称搭(da)(da)铁端(duan)(duan)或接(jie)(jie)地端(duan)(duan)）。根据电(dian)(dian)源设备(bei)（如(ru)蓄电(dian)(dian)池）搭(da)(da)铁端(duan)(duan)极(ji)性的(de)不(bu)同，电(dian)(dian)气系统(tong)有(you)正极(ji)搭(da)(da)铁与负极(ji)搭(da)(da)铁之(zhi)分。
c）低(di)压电(dian)路(lu)中的(de)连(lian)(lian)接(jie)导线(xian)(xian)均采(cai)用规定颜(yan)色的(de)单色线(xian)(xian)或双色线(xian)(xian)。在(zai)直接(jie)连(lian)(lian)接(jie)的(de)电(dian)路(lu)中通常(chang)采(cai)用相(xiang)同颜(yan)色的(de)导线(xian)(xian)，在(zai)间接(jie)连(lian)(lian)接(jie)的(de)电(dian)路(lu)中则(ze)采(cai)用不同颜(yan)色的(de)导线(xian)(xian)。根(gen)据这一特点，可以(yi)比较方便地(di)查找电(dian)路(lu)连(lian)(lian)接(jie)的(de)故障。
d）在电(dian)路连接(jie)中广泛采(cai)用插接(jie)器，这在维护(hu)和检修时，可方便地断开(kai)或恢(hui)复连接(jie)。
a）电(dian)路(lu)(lu)断路(lu)(lu)。电(dian)路(lu)(lu)中的(de)连接点接触(chu)不良、电(dian)流时通(tong)时断，是(shi)断路(lu)(lu)故(gu)障(zhang)初(chu)始阶(jie)段(duan)的(de)表现。
b）电(dian)路(lu)(lu)短路(lu)(lu)。因摩托车(che)电(dian)路(lu)(lu)为(wei)单线制，故(gu)短路(lu)(lu)通常是由导(dao)线（即火线）直接与车(che)体（即地(di)线）连(lian)通所引起，所以短路(lu)(lu)也被称作搭铁(tie)(tie)或碰铁(tie)(tie)。
c）电(dian)路(lu)的(de)连(lian)(lian)接有(you)误。误接有(you)2种情况(kuang)：1)应连(lian)(lian)通(tong)的(de)电(dian)路(lu)未连(lian)(lian)通(tong)；2)不应连(lian)(lian)通(tong)的(de)电(dian)路(lu)被(bei)连(lian)(lian)通(tong)，其故障现象比(bi)较复杂，需视具体情况(kuang)而定。
d）电气设备失(shi)调(diao)。在电源(yuan)设备和用电设备上，有些部(bu)件或(huo)某(mou)些部(bu)位(wei)需进行适当(dang)调(diao)整。当(dang)某(mou)一部(bu)件或(huo)部(bu)位(wei)（有时是多(duo)个(ge)）严重失(shi)调(diao)或(huo)调(diao)整不当(dang)时，即会(hui)影(ying)响(xiang)电气系统的正(zheng)常工作。
e）电气设备(bei)(bei)损(sun)坏。设备(bei)(bei)正常损(sun)坏原因是某些易损(sun)的(de)零部件超过了(le)规定使用(yong)期(qi)，在使用(yong)期(qi)内造(zao)成电气设备(bei)(bei)过早损(sun)坏的(de)原因，除了(le)所用(yong)零部件制(zhi)造(zao)质量不佳，大多使用(yong)维护或安(an)装(zhuang)调整不当所致。
电气系统出现故(gu)(gu)障时(shi)，首选应注意观察故(gu)(gu)障的(de)(de)表(biao)现，并根据故(gu)(gu)障表(biao)现进行分析，以初(chu)步确定(ding)故(gu)(gu)障原(yuan)(yuan)因和故(gu)(gu)障范围(wei)。当(dang)个别用电设备(bei)(bei)工作(zuo)(zuo)不(bu)正(zheng)常时(shi)，通(tong)常不(bu)需(xu)检查电源(yuan)设备(bei)(bei)。当(dang)某一供电回路(lu)时(shi)的(de)(de)全部用电设备(bei)(bei)均不(bu)能(neng)正(zheng)常工作(zuo)(zuo)时(shi)，则需(xu)从电源(yuan)设备(bei)(bei)开始(shi)逐步逐段查找(zhao)故(gu)(gu)障原(yuan)(yuan)因和部位。查找(zhao)时(shi)，应遵(zun)循(xun)先(xian)(xian)易后难、先(xian)(xian)外后里、先(xian)(xian)简后繁(fan)的(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)则，可少走(zou)弯(wan)路(lu)，有效地提高故(gu)(gu)障诊断效率。一般情况下，可先(xian)(xian)检查电路(lu)中有无断路(lu)、短路(lu)或连(lian)接有误(wu)等现象，然(ran)后再检查电气设备(bei)(bei)是否失调或损坏。
a）短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)接试验(yan)。方(fang)法(fa)是：用一(yi)(yi)根(gen)导线，将(jiang)怀疑有断路(lu)现象的导线短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)接。若短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)接前该(gai)供电(dian)回路(lu)不(bu)工作，短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)接试验(yan)时该(gai)供电(dian)回路(lu)中(zhong)的用电(dian)设(she)备(bei)工作正常，则(ze)表(biao)明该(gai)供电(dian)回路(lu)存有断路(lu)故障(zhang)。此试验(yan)不(bu)可(ke)将(jiang)电(dian)气设(she)备(bei)短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)接，否则(ze)，可(ke)能造成电(dian)源(yuan)短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)或电(dian)气设(she)备(bei)的工况(kuang)被破(po)坏。开关和熔断器因(yin)串(chuan)联于电(dian)源(yuan)设(she)备(bei)与(yu)用电(dian)设(she)备(bei)之间(jian)，且在工作时内部呈连通状(zhuang)，故可(ke)作短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)接试验(yan)。例如(ru)，当怀疑开关的某一(yi)(yi)对触(chu)(chu)点不(bu)能闭(bi)合或闭(bi)合接触(chu)(chu)不(bu)良时，可(ke)将(jiang)两(liang)(liang)触(chu)(chu)点作短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)接试验(yan)，以判断其技(ji)术状(zhuang)况(kuang)。若短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)接后该(gai)线路(lu)恢复正常，即可(ke)断定两(liang)(liang)触(chu)(chu)点存有技(ji)术缺陷，可(ke)对其作进(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)检查。
b）用(yong)指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)灯(deng)检(jian)查(cha)。用(yong)一与(yu)电源设(she)备(bei)额定电压相(xiang)同，功率(lv)在(zai)(zai)3W左(zuo)右的(de)(de)小灯(deng)泡作指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)灯(deng)，上焊2根(gen)导(dao)线(xian)(xian)(xian)。检(jian)查(cha)时，指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)灯(deng)的(de)(de)一根(gen)导(dao)线(xian)(xian)(xian)与(yu)车体搭(da)铁(tie)，另一根(gen)导(dao)线(xian)(xian)(xian)沿供电主电路与(yu)分(fen)电路依次与(yu)各(ge)火线(xian)(xian)(xian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)点相(xiang)接(jie)(jie)(jie)。若线(xian)(xian)(xian)路正常(chang)，指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)灯(deng)均应发光。否则，表(biao)明在(zai)(zai)指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)灯(deng)发光与(yu)不(bu)发光的(de)(de)两个(ge)被(bei)测点之间有断(duan)路现象。对搭(da)铁(tie)回路的(de)(de)检(jian)测，应使指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)灯(deng)的(de)(de)一根(gen)导(dao)线(xian)(xian)(xian)与(yu)供电设(she)备(bei)的(de)(de)火线(xian)(xian)(xian)相(xiang)接(jie)(jie)(jie)，另一端(duan)分(fen)别与(yu)各(ge)搭(da)铁(tie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)点相(xiang)接(jie)(jie)(jie)，指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)灯(deng)均应发光。否则，表(biao)明被(bei)测搭(da)铁(tie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)点断(duan)路。
c）用(yong)(yong)万(wan)用(yong)(yong)表(biao)检查。利用(yong)(yong)万(wan)用(yong)(yong)表(biao)电(dian)(dian)压档(dang)检测各火线(xian)接点与搭铁端电(dian)(dian)压，当(dang)万(wan)用(yong)(yong)表(biao)表(biao)针(zhen)指示为0时，表(biao)明(ming)被(bei)测火线(xian)接点与电(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)连(lian)(lian)接有(you)断(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)现象。当(dang)指示值与正常的(de)供电(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)压相比有(you)明(ming)显(xian)低落时，表(biao)明(ming)电(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)有(you)接触不(bu)良或短路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)等故障(zhang)。利用(yong)(yong)万(wan)用(yong)(yong)表(biao)R×1Ω档(dang)检测直接连(lian)(lian)通(tong)的(de)电(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，其(qi)限值应(ying)近于(yu)0。否(fou)则，表(biao)明(ming)有(you)接触不(bu)良或断(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)故障(zhang)（断(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)时电(dian)(dian)阻值为无穷大）。检测时，应(ying)使被(bei)测电(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)与其(qi)它电(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)连(lian)(lian)接脱开。
a）断开试(shi)验。用电(dian)(dian)设(she)备(bei)有短路(lu)现象(xiang)会(hui)影响同一供电(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)路(lu)中各用电(dian)(dian)设(she)备(bei)的正(zheng)常工作(zuo)。将(jiang)怀疑有短路(lu)现象(xiang)的电(dian)(dian)路(lu)与(yu)电(dian)(dian)源连接断开后，若其余用电(dian)(dian)设(she)备(bei)恢复正(zheng)常工作(zuo)状态，则表明断开的电(dian)(dian)路(lu)中有短路(lu)。
b）用(yong)(yong)(yong)万用(yong)(yong)(yong)表(biao)检(jian)查。将怀疑短路(lu)的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)与(yu)供电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源脱开，用(yong)(yong)(yong)万用(yong)(yong)(yong)表(biao)欧(ou)姆档(dang)检(jian)测电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)对车(che)体(ti)（搭铁）的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，若被测电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)气设(she)(she)备(bei)与(yu)车(che)体(ti)不连通(tong)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)为无穷大；若被测电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)某一电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)气设(she)(she)备(bei)与(yu)车(che)体(ti)连接(jie)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值明显小于电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)气设(she)(she)备(bei)的(de)内阻(zu)值，表(biao)明有短路(lu)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)万用(yong)(yong)(yong)表(biao)欧(ou)姆档(dang)检(jian)测时(shi)，应使电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源设(she)(she)备(bei)停止工(gong)作(zuo)，以免损(sun)坏万用(yong)(yong)(yong)表(biao)。
a）电(dian)路(lu)连接有误，可依(yi)据电(dian)路(lu)图，对维护(hu)或(huo)检修(xiu)时曾变动过的电(dian)路(lu)进行(xing)查对并(bing)予纠正(zheng)；
b）对电气设备失(shi)调，可严格按技(ji)术要求(qiu)重新调整(zheng)，必要时请有经验(yan)的维修人员予以(yi)指导(dao)；
c）电气(qi)设(she)备(bei)是否(fou)损坏，可用换件法(fa)帮助判断。若更换怀疑(yi)有故障的(de)部(bu)件后，电气(qi)设(she)备(bei)恢复正(zheng)常工(gong)作，则(ze)表明该(gai)部(bu)件存在故障。
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