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12V锂电池保护板

12V锂(li)(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)保(bao)(bao)护板(ban)，16串(chuan)磷酸铁锂(li)(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)保(bao)(bao)护板(ban)，18650电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)保(bao)(bao)护板(ban)，线(xian)路板(ban)厂在双面线(xian)路板(ban)设计(ji)时(shi)都(dou)会优先(xian)考虑锂(li)(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)保(bao)(bao)护板(ban)工作(zuo)原理(li)，电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)之都(dou)带大家看一(yi)个单节电(dian)(dian)芯的(de)锂(li)(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)保(bao)(bao)护板(ban)原理(li)，希(xi)望能起到举(ju)一(yi)反三的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。锂(li)(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)保(bao)(bao)护板(ban)根据使(shi)用(yong)IC，电(dian)(dian)压等不(bu)同而电(dian)(dian)路及参数有所不(bu)同，下面以DW01 配MOS管8205A进(jin)行分布，其(qi)中(zhong)包括(kuo)其(qi)锂(li)(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)保(bao)(bao)护板(ban)的(de)正常工作(zuo)行为。

锂电池保护板工作原理

当(dang)电(dian)芯电(dian)压在2.5V至(zhi)4.3V之间时(shi)(shi)，DW01 的(de)第(di)1脚、第(di)3脚均输(shu)出高电(dian)平（等于供(gong)电(dian)电(dian)压），第(di)二(er)脚电(dian)压为0V。此时(shi)(shi)DW01 的(de)第(di)1脚 、第(di)3脚电(dian)压将分别加(jia)到8205A的(de)第(di)5、4脚，8205A内的(de)两个电(dian)子(zi)开(kai)关因其G极接(jie)(jie)到来自DW01 的(de)电(dian)压，故(gu)均处于导通状(zhuang)态，即(ji)两个电(dian)子(zi)开(kai)关均处于开(kai)状(zhuang)态。此时(shi)(shi)电(dian)芯的(de)负极与保(bao)护板(ban)的(de)P-端(duan)相当(dang)于直接(jie)(jie)连通，保(bao)护板(ban)有(you)电(dian)压输(shu)出。

保护板短路保护控制原理

12V锂(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池保(bao)(bao)护(hu)板图在(zai)保(bao)(bao)护(hu)板对外放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)过程(cheng)中(zhong)，8205A内的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)两(liang)个(ge)电(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)开(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)并不完全(quan)等效于两(liang)个(ge)机械开(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)，而是等效于两(liang)个(ge)电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)很(hen)(hen)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，并称(cheng)(cheng)为8205A的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)导(dao)通(tong)内阻(zu)(zu)， 每个(ge)开(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)导(dao)通(tong)内阻(zu)(zu)约(yue)(yue)为30m\U 03a9共约(yue)(yue)为60m\U 03a9，加在(zai)G极(ji)(ji)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)实(shi)际上是直接控制(zhi)每个(ge)开(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)管的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)导(dao)通(tong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)小(xiao)当(dang)G极(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)大(da)(da)于1V时，开(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)管的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)导(dao)通(tong)内阻(zu)(zu)很(hen)(hen)小(xiao)（几(ji)十毫欧），相(xiang)当(dang)于开(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)闭合，当(dang)G极(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)小(xiao)于0.7V以下(xia)时，开(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)管的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)导(dao)通(tong)内阻(zu)(zu)很(hen)(hen)大(da)(da)（几(ji)MΩ），相(xiang)当(dang)于开(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)断开(kai)(kai)。电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)UA就(jiu)是8205A的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)导(dao)通(tong)内阻(zu)(zu)与(yu)放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流产生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)，负载电(dian)(dian)(dian)流增大(da)(da)则UA必然增大(da)(da)，因(yin)UA0.006L&TImes;IUA又称(cheng)(cheng)为8205A的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管压(ya)降(jiang)，UA可以简接表(biao)明放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)小(xiao)。上升到0.2V时便认为负载电(dian)(dian)(dian)流到达(da)了(le)(le)极(ji)(ji)限(xian)值，于是停止(zhi)第1脚(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)输(shu)出(chu)(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)，使第1脚(jiao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)变为0V、8205A内的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)管关(guan)(guan)(guan)闭，切断电(dian)(dian)(dian)芯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)回路，将关(guan)(guan)(guan)断放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)管。换言之DW01 允(yun)许输(shu)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大(da)(da)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流是3.3A，实(shi)现了(le)(le)过电(dian)(dian)(dian)流保(bao)(bao)护(hu)。

保护板过充电保护控制原理

当(dang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)通过(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器正(zheng)常充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)时，随着充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)时间(jian)的(de)增(zeng)加，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)将越(yue)来越(yue)高(gao)，当(dang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)升高(gao)到4.4V时，DW01 将认为电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)已处于过(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)状态(tai)，便立即(ji)(ji)断(duan)开第(di)3脚的(de)输(shu)出电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)，使(shi)第(di)3脚电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)变为0V，8205A内的(de)开关(guan)管因第(di)4脚无电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)而(er)关(guan)闭。此时电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)B-与保(bao)护(hu)板(ban)的(de)P-之(zhi)间(jian)处于断(duan)开状态(tai)。即(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路被切断(duan)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)将停止充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。保(bao)护(hu)板(ban)处于过(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)状态(tai)并一(yi)直保(bao)持。等到保(bao)护(hu)板(ban)的(de)P 与P-间(jian)接上放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)负载后，因此时虽然过(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)开关(guan)管关(guan)闭，但其内部的(de)二极(ji)管正(zheng)方向与放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路的(de)方向相同(tong)，故放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路可以(yi)进(jin)行放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，当(dang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)被放(fang)到低(di)于4.3V时，DW01 停止过(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)护(hu)状态(tai)重新(xin)在(zai)第(di)3脚输(shu)出高(gao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)，使(shi)8205A内的(de)过(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)管导(dao)通，即(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)B-与保(bao)护(hu)板(ban)P-又(you)重新(xin)接上，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)又(you)能进(jin)行正(zheng)常的(de)充(chong)(chong)放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

保护板过放电保护控制原理

当电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)通(tong)过(guo)外接的(de)(de)(de)负载进行放电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)时，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)将(jiang)慢慢降低，同时DW01 内部将(jiang)通(tong)过(guo)R1电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻实时监(jian)测电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)，当电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)下降到约2.3V时DW01 将(jiang)认为电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)已处于(yu)过(guo)放电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)状(zhuang)态，便立即(ji)断(duan)开(kai)第(di)(di)1脚(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)输(shu)出(chu)(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)，使(shi)第(di)(di)1脚(jiao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)变(bian)为0V，8205A内的(de)(de)(de)开(kai)关管因第(di)(di)5脚(jiao)无电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)而(er)关闭。此时电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)B-与保(bao)(bao)护(hu)板的(de)(de)(de)P-之(zhi)间(jian)处于(yu)断(duan)开(kai)状(zhuang)态。即(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)放电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路(lu)被切断(duan)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)将(jiang)停(ting)止(zhi)放电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。保(bao)(bao)护(hu)板处于(yu)过(guo)放电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)状(zhuang)态并一直(zhi)保(bao)(bao)持。等到保(bao)(bao)护(hu)板的(de)(de)(de)P 与P-间(jian)接上充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)后，DW01 经(jing)B-检测到充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)后便立即(ji)停(ting)止(zhi)过(guo)放电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)状(zhuang)态，重(zhong)新在第(di)(di)1脚(jiao)输(shu)出(chu)(chu)高电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)，使(shi)8205A内的(de)(de)(de)过(guo)放电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制管导通(tong)，即(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)B-与保(bao)(bao)护(hu)板的(de)(de)(de)P-又(you)重(zhong)新接上，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)经(jing)充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器直(zhi)接充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

短路保护控制过程

12V锂电池(chi)保(bao)护(hu)(hu)板短路保(bao)护(hu)(hu)是过(guo)(guo)电流(liu)(liu)保(bao)护(hu)(hu)的一(yi)种极限形式，其控制过(guo)(guo)程及原(yuan)理(li)与过(guo)(guo)电流(liu)(liu)保(bao)护(hu)(hu)一(yi)样，短路只是在相当于在P P-间加上一(yi)个阻值小的电阻（约为0Ω）使(shi)保(bao)护(hu)(hu)板的负载电流(liu)(liu)瞬时达到10A以上，保(bao)护(hu)(hu)板立即进行过(guo)(guo)电流(liu)(liu)保(bao)护(hu)(hu)。

锂电池充电电路原理及应用

锂离子电池以其优(you)良的特性，被广(guang)泛应用于： 手机(ji)(ji)、摄录(lu)像机(ji)(ji)、笔记(ji)本(ben)电脑、无绳(sheng)电话、电动(dong)工具、遥控(kong)或电动(dong)玩具、照(zhao)相机(ji)(ji)等便(bian)携式电子设备中。

锂电池与镍(nie)镉(ge)、镍(nie)氢可充(chong)电池：

锂(li)(li)离(li)子(zi)(zi)电(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)负(fu)极(ji)为石墨(mo)晶体(ti)，正极(ji)通常为二氧化锂(li)(li)。充电(dian)(dian)时(shi)锂(li)(li)离(li)子(zi)(zi)由正极(ji)向负(fu)极(ji)运动而(er)嵌入石墨(mo)层中。放(fang)电(dian)(dian)时(shi)，锂(li)(li)离(li)子(zi)(zi)从石墨(mo)晶体(ti)内负(fu)极(ji)表面脱离(li)移向正极(ji)。所(suo)以，在该电(dian)(dian)池充放(fang)电(dian)(dian)过程中锂(li)(li)总是以锂(li)(li)离(li)子(zi)(zi)形态(tai)出现，而(er)不是以金(jin)属锂(li)(li)的(de)(de)形态(tai)出现。因(yin)而(er)这种电(dian)(dian)池叫(jiao)做锂(li)(li)离(li)子(zi)(zi)电(dian)(dian)池，简(jian)称锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)池。

锂电(dian)(dian)池(chi)具有(you)：体积小(xiao)、容量大(da)、重量轻、无污染(ran)、单节电(dian)(dian)压高、自(zi)放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)率低、电(dian)(dian)池(chi)循(xun)环(huan)次数(shu)多等优点(dian)，但价(jia)格(ge)较贵。镍(nie)(nie)镉(ge)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)因容量低，自(zi)放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)严重，且(qie)对环(huan)境有(you)污染(ran)，正逐步被(bei)淘(tao)汰(tai)。镍(nie)(nie)氢(qing)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)具有(you)较高的性能价(jia)格(ge)比，且(qie)不污染(ran)环(huan)境，但单体电(dian)(dian)压只(zhi)有(you)1.2V，因而在使用范(fan)围(wei)上受(shou)到限制。

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