锂电池(chi)保(bao)护板(ban)起什么(me)作(zuo)(zuo)用-锂电池(chi)保(bao)护板(ban)工作(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)理(li)、主要作(zuo)(zuo)用详(xiang)解-KIA MOS管
信息来源：本站(zhan) 日期：2018-07-13
锂(li)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)保(bao)护(hu)(hu)板是对串联(lian)锂(li)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)组的(de)(de)充放电(dian)(dian)保(bao)护(hu)(hu)；在(zai)充满电(dian)(dian)时能保(bao)证各单(dan)体(ti)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)之(zhi)间的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)压(ya)差异小(xiao)于设定(ding)值（一(yi)般±20mV），实现电(dian)(dian)池(chi)组各单(dan)体(ti)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)均(jun)充，有(you)效(xiao)地改(gai)善(shan)了串联(lian)充电(dian)(dian)方(fang)式下的(de)(de)充电(dian)(dian)效(xiao)果；同时检测电(dian)(dian)池(chi)组中各个单(dan)体(ti)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)过压(ya)、欠压(ya)、过流、短(duan)路、过温状态，保(bao)护(hu)(hu)并延长电(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用寿命；欠压(ya)保(bao)护(hu)(hu)使每一(yi)单(dan)节(jie)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)放电(dian)(dian)使用时避(bi)免(mian)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)因过放电(dian)(dian)而损坏。
成品锂电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)组成主要有(you)两大部分，锂电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)芯和保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)板，锂电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)芯主要由正极(ji)(ji)板、隔膜(mo)、负极(ji)(ji)板、电(dian)(dian)解液(ye)组成；正极(ji)(ji)板、隔膜(mo)、负极(ji)(ji)板缠绕或(huo)层叠，包装，灌注(zhu)电(dian)(dian)解液(ye)，封(feng)装后即制(zhi)成电(dian)(dian)芯，锂电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)板的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)很多人都(dou)不(bu)知道，锂电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)板，顾名思(si)义就(jiu)是(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)锂电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)用(yong)的(de)，锂电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)板的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不(bu)过(guo)放、不(bu)过(guo)充、不(bu)过(guo)流，还有(you)就(jiu)是(shi)输出(chu)短路保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)。
锂(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)保护(hu)板主要由维(wei)(wei)护(hu)IC（过压维(wei)(wei)护(hu)）和MOS管(guan)（过流维(wei)(wei)护(hu)）构成，是用来(lai)保护(hu)锂(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)安全(quan)的(de)器(qi)材。锂(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)具有放电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流大、内阻低、寿数(shu)长、无回忆(yi)效应等(deng)被人(ren)们广泛运用，锂(li)离子电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)运用中禁止(zhi)过充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、过放电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短(duan)路，不然将会(hui)使电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)起火、爆破等(deng)丧命缺陷(xian)，所以(yi)，在(zai)运用可充(chong)锂(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)都会(hui)带有一块(kuai)维(wei)(wei)护(hu)板来(lai)维(wei)(wei)护(hu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)安全(quan)。
锂电池保护(hu)板技术参数:
均衡 电流 ：80mA（VCELL=4.20V时）
均衡起控点：4.18±0.03 V过(guo)充(chong)门限 ：4.25±0.05 V （4.30±0.05 V可选(xuan)）
过放门限(xian) ：2.90±0.08 V （2.40±0.05 V可选）
过放延时 ：5mS
过(guo)放释放 ：断开负载，并且各单体电池电压均高于过(guo)放门限；
过流释(shi)放(fang) ：断开负载释(shi)放(fang)
过温保护 ：有接口，需(xu)安(an)装可恢(hui)复性温度(du)保护开关；
工作(zuo)电流 ：15A（根据客户选(xuan)择）
静(jing)态功耗 ：《0.5mA》
短路保护(hu)功(gong)能：能保护(hu)，断开负载可自恢复。
主要功(gong)能(neng)(neng)：过(guo)(guo)充保(bao)护功(gong)能(neng)(neng)，过(guo)(guo)放保(bao)护功(gong)能(neng)(neng)，短(duan)路保(bao)护功(gong)能(neng)(neng)，过(guo)(guo)流(liu)保(bao)护功(gong)能(neng)(neng)，过(guo)(guo)温保(bao)护功(gong)能(neng)(neng)，均衡保(bao)护功(gong)能(neng)(neng)。
接口(kou)(kou)定义：该板的(de)(de)充电口(kou)(kou)与放电口(kou)(kou)相互独立，两者共正极，B-为(wei)连接电池的(de)(de)负(fu)极，C-为(wei)充电口(kou)(kou)的(de)(de)负(fu)极；P-为(wei)放电口(kou)(kou)的(de)(de)负(fu)极；B-、P-、C-焊盘(pan)均是过孔式，焊盘(pan)孔直径均为(wei)3mm;电池各充电检测接口(kou)(kou)以DC针座形式输出。
参数说明：最大(da)工作(zuo)电(dian)流和过流保护电(dian)流值的配置，单(dan)位：A（5/8，8/15，10/20，12/25，15/30，20/40，25/35，30/50，35/60，50/80，80/100），特(te)殊过流值可(ke)以按客(ke)户要求定制。
过(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)，过(guo)(guo)放(fang)(fang)，这(zhei)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)根据(ju)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)材料不同而有所改变，这(zhei)点(dian)看似简单(dan)，但(dan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)细(xi)节上来(lai)看，还是有经验学(xue)问的(de)(de)(de)。过(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)保(bao)护(hu)，在我(wo)们(men)以(yi)(yi)往的(de)(de)(de)单(dan)节电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)保(bao)护(hu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)都会高出电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)饱电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)50~150mV。但(dan)是动力电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)不一样，如果你(ni)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)想延长电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)寿命，你(ni)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)护(hu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)就(jiu)选(xuan)择电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)饱电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)，甚至(zhi)还要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)比此电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)还低些(xie)。比如锰锂电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)选(xuan)择4.18V~4.2V。因为它是多串数的(de)(de)(de)，整个电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)组的(de)(de)(de)寿命容(rong)量(liang)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是以(yi)(yi)容(rong)量(liang)最低的(de)(de)(de)那颗电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)以(yi)(yi)准，小容(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)总是在大电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流高电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)工(gong)作，所以(yi)(yi)衰减加快(kuai)。而大容(rong)量(liang)每次都是轻(qing)(qing)充(chong)(chong)轻(qing)(qing)放(fang)(fang)，自然衰减要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)慢得(de)多了(le)。为了(le)让小容(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)也(ye)是轻(qing)(qing)充(chong)(chong)轻(qing)(qing)放(fang)(fang)，所以(yi)(yi)过(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)保(bao)护(hu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)点(dian)不要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)选(xuan)择太高。这(zhei)个保(bao)护(hu)延时可(ke)以(yi)(yi)做(zuo)到(dao)1S,防止脉冲(chong)的(de)(de)(de)影响从而保(bao)护(hu)。
过(guo)放(fang)保护(hu)，也是(shi)与(yu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材料有关(guan)，如(ru)锰锂电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般选择在(zai)2.8V~3.0V。尽(jin)量要(yao)比它(ta)单颗(ke)(ke)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)过(guo)放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压稍高点。因为，在(zai)国内生产的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压低于3.3V后，各颗(ke)(ke)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特性完全不一(yi)(yi)(yi)，因此是(shi)提前(qian)保护(hu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，这(zhei)样(yang)对电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寿(shou)命是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)个(ge)很好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保护(hu)。总的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)点就是(shi)尽(jin)量让每一(yi)(yi)(yi)颗(ke)(ke)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)都(dou)工(gong)作(zuo)在(zai)轻(qing)充(chong)轻(qing)放(fang)下工(gong)作(zuo)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)定是(shi)对电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寿(shou)命是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)个(ge)帮助。过(guo)放(fang)保护(hu)延滞时(shi)间，它(ta)要(yao)根据负(fu)载(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)而有所改变，比如(ru)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动工(gong)具类(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)启动电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般都(dou)在(zai)10C以(yi)上，因此会在(zai)短(duan)时(shi)间内把电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压拉(la)到过(guo)放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压点从(cong)而保护(hu)。此时(shi)无法让电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)工(gong)作(zuo)。这(zhei)是(shi)值得(de)注意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方。
它(ta)主(zhu)要体现在(zai)工作电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)与(yu)过(guo)电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)使开(kai)关MOS断开(kai)从而(er)保(bao)护电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)组或负载。MOS管(guan)的(de)损坏主(zhu)要是温(wen)(wen)度(du)急剧升高，它(ta)的(de)发热(re)也是电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)及 本身的(de)内阻来(lai)决定的(de)，当然小(xiao)(xiao)电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，对MOS没(mei)什么(me)影响，但(dan)是大(da)电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)呢，这个就(jiu)要好好做(zuo)些(xie)处(chu)理了， 在(zai)通过(guo)额(e)定电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)时，小(xiao)(xiao)电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)10A以(yi)下(xia)，我(wo)们(men)可以(yi)直接用电(dian)(dian)压来(lai)驱(qu)(qu)动MOS管(guan)。大(da)电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，一(yi)定是要加(jia)驱(qu)(qu)动，给(ji)MOS足够(gou)大(da)的(de)驱(qu)(qu)动电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。以(yi)下(xia)在(zai)MOS管(guan)驱(qu)(qu)动有讲到(dao)工作电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，在(zai)设(she)计的(de)时候(hou)，MOS管(guan)上不能(neng)存(cun)在(zai)超过(guo)0.3W的(de)功(gong)率。计算工式：I2*R/N。R为(wei)MOS的(de)内阻，N为(wei)MOS的(de)数(shu)量(liang)。如果功(gong)率超过(guo)，MOS会(hui)产(chan)生25度(du)以(yi)上的(de)温(wen)(wen)升，又(you)因它(ta)们(men)都是密封的(de),就(jiu)算有散(san)(san)热(re)片(pian)，长时间工作时，温(wen)(wen)度(du)还是会(hui)上去，因为(wei)他没(mei)地方可散(san)(san)热(re)。当然MOS管(guan)是没(mei)任何(he)问(wen)题(ti)，问(wen)题(ti)是他产(chan)生热(re)量(liang)会(hui)影响到(dao)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，毕竟保(bao)护板是与(yu)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放(fang)在(zai)一(yi)起的(de)。
过流(liu)(liu)保护(最大(da)电(dian)流(liu)(liu))，此项(xiang)是保护板必不可少的(de)，非常关(guan)键(jian)的(de)一个保护参数。保护电(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)大(da)小与(yu)MOS的(de)功率息(xi)(xi)息(xi)(xi)相关(guan)，因(yin)此在(zai)设计(ji)时，要尽量(liang)(liang)给出MOS能力的(de)余量(liang)(liang)。在(zai)布板的(de)时候，电(dian)流(liu)(liu)检测(ce)点一定要选好(hao)位置，不能只(zhi)接通(tong)就(jiu)行，这(zhei)需要经验值。一般建(jian)议接在(zai)检测(ce)电(dian)阻(zu)的(de)中间端。还要注意(yi)电(dian)流(liu)(liu)检测(ce)端的(de)干(gan)(gan)扰(rao)问题，因(yin)为它的(de)信号很容易受到干(gan)(gan)扰(rao)。过流(liu)(liu)保护延(yan)时，它也是要根不同的(de)产品做(zuo)相应的(de)调整(zheng)。在(zai)此不多说了。
严格(ge)来(lai)讲，他是(shi)一个电(dian)压比(bi)较型的(de)保(bao)护，也(ye)(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)讲是(shi)用电(dian)压的(de)比(bi)较直接关断或驱(qu)动的(de)，不要经过多余的(de)处理。短路延时(shi)的(de)设置也(ye)(ye)很关键，因为在我(wo)们的(de)产品中，输入滤(lv)波电(dian)容都(dou)是(shi)很大的(de)，在接触(chu)时(shi)第(di)一时(shi)间给(ji)(ji)电(dian)容充电(dian)，此时(shi)就(jiu)相当于电(dian)池短路来(lai)给(ji)(ji)电(dian)容充电(dian)。
温度保护(hu)
一般在智(zhi)能电(dian)池上都会用到，也是(shi)不(bu)可少(shao)(shao)的(de)(de)(de)。但往(wang)往(wang)它的(de)(de)(de)完美总(zong)会带来另一方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)足。我们(men)主要是(shi)检(jian)测电(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)温度来断开(kai)(kai)总(zong)开(kai)(kai)关来保护电(dian)池本身或负载。如(ru)果(guo)是(shi)在一个恒(heng)定的(de)(de)(de)环境条件(jian)下，当然不(bu)会有什(shen)么问(wen)题(ti)。由于电(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)环境是(shi)我们(men)不(bu)可控(kong)的(de)(de)(de)，太多(duo)(duo)太复杂的(de)(de)(de)变(bian)化，因此不(bu)好选择(ze)。如(ru)在北(bei)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)冬天，我们(men)定在多(duo)(duo)少(shao)(shao)合(he)适?又如(ru)夏天的(de)(de)(de)南方(fang)地区(qu)，又定多(duo)(duo)少(shao)(shao)合(he)适?显然范围太宽不(bu)可控(kong)的(de)(de)(de)因素(su)太多(duo)(duo)，仁(ren)者(zhe)见仁(ren)，智(zhi)者(zhe)见智(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)去选择(ze)了。
主(zhu)要是(shi)MOS的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)，电(dian)(dian)流与温度。当然(ran)就是(shi)牵扯(che)到MOS管的(de)(de)选(xuan)型(xing)了(le)。MOS的(de)(de)耐(nai)压(ya)(ya)当然(ran)要超过电(dian)(dian)池组的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)，这是(shi)必须的(de)(de)。电(dian)(dian)流讲(jiang)的(de)(de)是(shi)在(zai)通过额定电(dian)(dian)流时MOS管体上的(de)(de)温升了(le)一般不超过25度的(de)(de)温升，个(ge)人(ren)经验值，只供参(can)考。MOS的(de)(de)(de)驱(qu)(qu)(qu)动(dong)(dong)(dong)，也许会(hui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)人会(hui)讲(jiang)，我有(you)(you)(you)(you)用低(di)内阻大(da)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)MOS管，但(dan)为(wei)何还有(you)(you)(you)(you)蛮(man)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)温度?这是MOS管的(de)(de)(de)驱(qu)(qu)(qu)动(dong)(dong)(dong)部分没有(you)(you)(you)(you)做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)，驱(qu)(qu)(qu)动(dong)(dong)(dong)MOS要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)足够(gou)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，具体多(duo)(duo)(duo)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)驱(qu)(qu)(qu)动(dong)(dong)(dong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，要(yao)根据功率(lv)MOS管的(de)(de)(de)输入(ru)(ru)电(dian)(dian)(dian)容来定(ding)。因此，一(yi)(yi)般的(de)(de)(de)过(guo)流(liu)(liu)与(yu)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)驱(qu)(qu)(qu)动(dong)(dong)(dong)都不能用芯(xin)片直接驱(qu)(qu)(qu)动(dong)(dong)(dong)，一(yi)(yi)定(ding)要(yao)外加。在(zai)大(da)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(超过(guo)50A)工作(zuo)时(shi)(shi)，一(yi)(yi)定(ding)要(yao)做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)多(duo)(duo)(duo)级多(duo)(duo)(duo)路(lu)驱(qu)(qu)(qu)动(dong)(dong)(dong)，才能保证MOS的(de)(de)(de)同一(yi)(yi)时(shi)(shi)间(jian)同一(yi)(yi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)正常(chang)打开与(yu)关(guan)闭。因为(wei)MOS管有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)个输入(ru)(ru)电(dian)(dian)(dian)容， MOS管功率(lv),电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)越大(da)，输入(ru)(ru)电(dian)(dian)(dian)容也就越大(da)，如果没有(you)(you)(you)(you)足够(gou)的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，不会(hui)在(zai)短(duan)(duan)时(shi)(shi)间(jian)做(zuo)(zuo)出完(wan)整的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制。尤其是电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)超过(guo)50A时(shi)(shi)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)设计(ji)上更要(yao)细化，一(yi)(yi)定(ding)要(yao)做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)多(duo)(duo)(duo)级多(duo)(duo)(duo)路(lu)驱(qu)(qu)(qu)动(dong)(dong)(dong)控(kong)制。这样(yang)才能保证MOS的(de)(de)(de)正常(chang)过(guo)流(liu)(liu)与(yu)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)保护。MOS电流(liu)平衡(heng)，主要(yao)讲的(de)(de)是多颗MOS并起来(lai)用时，要(yao)让(rang)每一颗MOS管通过(guo)的(de)(de)电流(liu)，打开(kai)与(yu)关闭时间都是一致(zhi)的(de)(de)。这就要(yao)在画板方(fang)面入手了，它们(men)的(de)(de)输入输出(chu)一定要(yao)对称，一定要(yao)保证每一个管子通过(guo)的(de)(de)电流(liu)是一致(zhi)这才是目的(de)(de)。
这(zhei)个(ge)参数是越小(xiao)越好，最理想(xiang)的(de)状态是为(wei)零，但不(bu)可(ke)能(neng)做(zuo)到(dao)这(zhei)一点。就是因(yin)为(wei)人人都想(xiang)把这(zhei)个(ge)参数做(zuo)小(xiao)，有(you)(you)很(hen)(hen)多人的(de)要求(qiu)更低，甚至离谱，我们想(xiang)想(xiang)，保护板上(shang)有(you)(you)芯(xin)片，它们是要工作的(de)，可(ke)以做(zuo)到(dao)很(hen)(hen)低，但是可(ke)靠性呢?应该(gai)是在性能(neng)可(ke)靠完全OK的(de)情况下(xia)再来(lai)考量自(zi)耗电(dian)的(de)问(wen)题。有(you)(you)些朋友(you)也许进(jin)入了误区，自(zi)耗电(dian)分为(wei)整(zheng)体的(de)自(zi)耗电(dian)和每一串的(de)自(zi)耗电(dian)。
整体自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)电(dian)，如(ru)(ru)果(guo)在(zai)100~500uA都是(shi)(shi)没什么问题的(de)(de)(de)(de)，因为动力电(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)容量(liang)本身就很大。当(dang)然(ran)电(dian)动工(gong)具的(de)(de)(de)(de)另外分析。如(ru)(ru)5AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)池，放(fang)电(dian)500uA，要放(fang)多(duo)久(jiu)，因此(ci)对整个(ge)电(dian)池组来讲是(shi)(shi)很微弱的(de)(de)(de)(de)。每串(chuan)(chuan)自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)电(dian)才最关键的(de)(de)(de)(de)，这个(ge)也不(bu)可(ke)能(neng)为零，当(dang)然(ran)也是(shi)(shi)在(zai)性能(neng)完全(quan)可(ke)行情况(kuang)下(xia)进(jin)行，但有一(yi)(yi)点，每一(yi)(yi)串(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)电(dian)量(liang)一(yi)(yi)定要一(yi)(yi)致，一(yi)(yi)般每一(yi)(yi)串(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)差别(bie)不(bu)能(neng)超过5uA。这点大家应该知道，如(ru)(ru)果(guo)每一(yi)(yi)串(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)电(dian)不(bu)一(yi)(yi)时，那么在(zai)长(zhang)时间搁置下(xia)，电(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)容量(liang)一(yi)(yi)定会产(chan)生变化的(de)(de)(de)(de)。
均(jun)衡这一块是(shi)此文章的(de)论述的(de)重点。目前最通用的(de)均(jun)衡方式(shi)分(fen)为(wei)两(liang)种，一种就是(shi)耗能(neng)式(shi)的(de)，另一种就是(shi)转能(neng)式(shi)的(de)。A耗能(neng)式(shi)均(jun)衡,主要是(shi)把多串电(dian)池(chi)中(zhong)某(mou)节(jie)电(dian)池(chi)的(de)电(dian)量或(huo)电(dian)压高的(de)用电(dian)阻把多余的(de)电(dian)能(neng)损耗掉。它也(ye)分(fen)如下三(san)种。
一，充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)时(shi)(shi)时(shi)(shi)均衡(heng)，它(ta)(ta)(ta)主(zhu)要是在充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)时(shi)(shi)任何(he)(he)一颗电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)高出所有电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)平均电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)时(shi)(shi)，它(ta)(ta)(ta)就(jiu)启(qi)动(dong)均衡(heng)，无论电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)在什么范围，它(ta)(ta)(ta)主(zhu)要是应(ying)用在智能软件方案上(shang)。当然(ran)如何(he)(he)定(ding)义可以由软件任意调(diao)整。此方案的(de)(de)优点(dian)它(ta)(ta)(ta)能有更(geng)多的(de)(de)时(shi)(shi)间去做(zuo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)均衡(heng)。
二，电压(ya)定点(dian)均(jun)衡(heng)，就是把均(jun)衡(heng)启动定在一(yi)个电压(ya)点(dian)上，如锰锂(li)电池(chi)(chi)，很(hen)多就定在4.2V开(kai)始均(jun)衡(heng)。这种(zhong)方式只是在电池(chi)(chi)充电的(de)末端(duan)进(jin)行，所以均(jun)衡(heng)时间(jian)较短，用处(chu)可想而知(zhi)。
三，静态自动(dong)均衡，它也(ye)可以在(zai)充电(dian)的(de)过(guo)程中进行，也(ye)可以在(zai)放电(dian)时进行，更有(you)特(te)点的(de)是(shi)，电(dian)池(chi)在(zai)静态搁置时，如果(guo)电(dian)压不一(yi)致时，它也(ye)在(zai)均衡着，直(zhi)到(dao)电(dian)池(chi)的(de)电(dian)压达到(dao)一(yi)致。但(dan)有(you)人认为，电(dian)池(chi)都(dou)没工作了(le)，为什么保护板还是(shi)在(zai)发热呢?
以(yi)上(shang)三种方(fang)式都以(yi)是参考电(dian)(dian)压(ya)来实现均衡的。但是，电(dian)(dian)池(chi)电(dian)(dian)压(ya)高不一(yi)定代表容量(liang)就高，也许截然相反。以(yi)下论(lun)述。其优点就是成本低(di)，设计简(jian)单，在(zai)(zai)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)电(dian)(dian)压(ya)不一(yi)致(zhi)时能(neng)起到一(yi)定的作用，主(zhu)要体现在(zai)(zai)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)长时间搁置自耗引起的电(dian)(dian)压(ya)不一(yi)致(zhi)。理(li)论(lun)上(shang)是有微弱(ruo)的可行性(xing)。缺点，电路复杂，元(yuan)件多，温度(du)高(gao)，防静(jing)电差，故障(zhang)率高(gao)。
1、不(bu)要把电(dian)容式锂电(dian)池(chi)(chi)放(fang)在口(kou)袋里如果你(ni)要随(sui)(sui)身携带备用(yong)电(dian)池(chi)(chi)，请(qing)确保它(ta)们没法儿意外漏电(dian)；如果邻近有(you)什么(me)导(dao)电(dian)终端(duan)会(hui)使你(ni)的电(dian)池(chi)(chi)发作点意外，适当(dang)好(hao)是采纳一个防(fang)(fang)范措施(shi)来(lai)保证你(ni)的人生安全。一些电(dian)子(zi)烟厂商会(hui)在随(sui)(sui)配的套装(zhuang)里附赠(zeng)一个电(dian)池(chi)(chi)的硅胶或许其他绝缘(yuan)体的维护套，用(yong)这个把暴(bao)露的电(dian)池(chi)(chi)极彼此阻隔开来(lai)，防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)它(ta)们之间发作磕(ke)碰，然(ran)后防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)意外的爆破(po)事端(duan)。究竟(jing)这玩(wan)意儿并不(bu)是放(fang)兜里就会(hui)随(sui)(sui)时爆破(po)的，关键看你(ni)怎样放(fang)。
2、如(ru)果电(dian)容式锂电(dian)池(chi)(chi)外(wai)(wai)包有异，请不(bu)要运(yun)用(yong)它常(chang)常(chang)查看电(dian)池(chi)(chi)的外(wai)(wai)包壳，尽管这是一层包装壳，却起到保护电(dian)池(chi)(chi)的效(xiao)果。随(sui)着长时(shi)间地充电(dian)和插(cha)拔，会不(bu)可防(fang)止(zhi)地危害到电(dian)池(chi)(chi)的外(wai)(wai)壳。所以要定时(shi)查看电(dian)池(chi)(chi)的外(wai)(wai)包装，发现有洼陷或不(bu)明液体渗漏时(shi)，就得(de)留意了(le)，这样的电(dian)池(chi)(chi)千万不(bu)能(neng)再用(yong)，赶紧换电(dian)池(chi)(chi)，防(fang)止(zhi)电(dian)池(chi)(chi)漏液发作爆破~实在是无(wu)法用(yong)肉眼区分电(dian)池(chi)(chi)的好坏时(shi)，电(dian)池(chi)(chi)检测(ce)仪来帮(bang)你！
3、不要(yao)由于它酷，你就(jiu)运用(yong)它我们都(dou)知道，部(bu)分动(dong)手能力强的(de)(de)玩家总喜(xi)欢标新立异，追求一(yi)些与众不同(tong)的(de)(de)设备，于是混合在一(yi)起(qi)的(de)(de)配(pei)件并未经过相关仪器的(de)(de)安全监测，当中的(de)(de)细小误差虽(sui)说不大(da)，但有时(shi)也会成为导致电子烟爆(bao)炸的(de)(de)元凶(xiong)。所以(yi)并不推(tui)荐！锂离子电池发生故障的(de)(de)典型模式(shi)是，电解质(zhi)被(bei)加热至(zhi)沸(fei)点，电池的(de)(de)内部(bu)压力升(sheng)高到一(yi)个点，以(yi)至(zhi)电池顶部(bu)的(de)(de)封(feng)口板破裂，压力突然释放(fang)冲出电池的(de)(de)密封(feng)端。
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