逆变器电路图

逆变器是通过半(ban)导体功(gong)率开关的(de)开通和关断作(zuo)用，把直流(liu)电能转变成交流(liu)电能的(de)一(yi)种(zhong)变换(huan)装置，是整(zheng)流(liu)变换(huan)的(de)逆过程。

车(che)载逆变器的(de)(de)整(zheng)个电路(lu)大(da)体上(shang)可分(fen)为两大(da)部分(fen)，每部分(fen)各采用(yong)一(yi)只494或7500芯(xin)片(pian)组成控制电路(lu)，其中(zhong)第一(yi)部分(fen)电路(lu)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)是将(jiang)汽车(che)电瓶等(deng)提(ti)供的(de)(de)12V直流电，通过(guo)高频PWM (脉(mai)宽调制)开关电源技术转(zhuan)换(huan)(huan)成30kHz－50kHz、220V左右的(de)(de)交流电；第二部分(fen)电路(lu)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)则是利用(yong)桥式整(zheng)流、滤波、脉(mai)宽调制及开关功率输出等(deng)技术，将(jiang)30kHz～50kHz、220V左右的(de)(de)交流电转(zhuan)换(huan)(huan)成50Hz、220V的(de)(de)交流电。

高频升压逆变控制电路：

（1）脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)第一(yi)组放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)同相输(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)端(duan)，检测(ce)输(shu)(shu)出电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，与(yu)3个(ge)0.33R电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)分压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，当(dang)(dang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流过大(da)(da)时(shi)，分压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)超过（2）脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)基(ji)准(zhun)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，（3）脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)器(qi)输(shu)(shu)出端(duan)输(shu)(shu)出高电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)，（3）脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)为高电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)时(shi)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)进(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)保护状态。（2）脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)为比较器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)反相输(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)端(duan)，接（14）脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)基(ji)准(zhun)，作(zuo)比较器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)参(can)考(kao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，外部输(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)信号(hao)可(ke)(ke)(ke)输(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)至脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)（4）的(de)(de)(de)截(jie)止时(shi)间(jian)(jian)控(kong)制(zhi)端(duan)（也叫死(si)区时(shi)间(jian)(jian)控(kong)制(zhi)），与(yu)脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)（1）、（2）、（15）、（16）误差放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)输(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)端(duan)，其(qi)输(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)端(duan)点的(de)(de)(de)抵补电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)为120mV，其(qi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)限制(zhi)输(shu)(shu)出截(jie)止时(shi)间(jian)(jian)至最(zui)小(xiao)值，大(da)(da)约为最(zui)初(chu)锯齿(chi)波(bo)周期时(shi)间(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)4%。当(dang)(dang)13脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)输(shu)(shu)出模控(kong)制(zhi)端(duan)接地(di)时(shi)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)获得96%最(zui)大(da)(da)工作(zuo)周期，而当(dang)(dang)(13)脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)接制(zhi)参(can)考(kao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)时(shi)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)获得48%最(zui)大(da)(da)工作(zuo)周期。如果我们在(zai)第4脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)截(jie)止时(shi)间(jian)(jian)控(kong)制(zhi)输(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)端(duan)设定一(yi)个(ge)固(gu)定电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，其(qi)范围由(you)0V至3.3V之间(jian)(jian)，则附(fu)加的(de)(de)(de)截(jie)止时(shi)间(jian)(jian)一(yi)定出现在(zai)输(shu)(shu)出上(shang)。  （5）、（6）脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)是一(yi)个(ge)固(gu)定频(pin)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)脉冲宽度调制(zhi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，内置了(le)线(xian)性(xing)锯齿(chi)波(bo)振荡(dang)器(qi)，振荡(dang)频(pin)率(lv)可(ke)(ke)(ke)通(tong)过外部的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)个(ge)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)和一(yi)个(ge)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容进(jin)行调节(jie)，其(qi)振荡(dang)频(pin)率(lv)如下(xia)：

输(shu)(shu)出脉(mai)冲(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)宽度(du)(du)是通(tong)过电(dian)(dian)(dian)容CT上的(de)(de)(de)(de)正极性锯(ju)齿(chi)波(bo)(bo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)与(yu)另外(wai)两个控(kong)(kong)(kong)制信号(hao)进行比(bi)较来实现。功率输(shu)(shu)出管(guan)Q1和(he)Q2受(shou)控(kong)(kong)(kong)于或非(fei)门(men)。当双(shuang)稳触发器的(de)(de)(de)(de)时钟信号(hao)为(wei)低电(dian)(dian)(dian)平时才(cai)会被(bei)(bei)选(xuan)(xuan)通(tong)，即只有(you)在锯(ju)齿(chi)波(bo)(bo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)大于控(kong)(kong)(kong)制信号(hao)期间才(cai)会被(bei)(bei)选(xuan)(xuan)通(tong)。当控(kong)(kong)(kong)制信号(hao)增大，输(shu)(shu)出脉(mai)冲(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)宽度(du)(du)将(jiang)减小(xiao)。（7）脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)接地端(duan)(duan)，（8）、（11）脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)是Q1和(he)Q2内部开关管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)集电(dian)(dian)(dian)极，在此电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)中接电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，(9)、(10)脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)为(wei)Q1、Q2的(de)(de)(de)(de)发射极，作(zuo)开关管(guan)驱动输(shu)(shu)出端(duan)(duan)，接下图中Q1与(yu)Q2外(wai)部放(fang)大电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)。以驱动后(hou)极推挽电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)。（12）脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)端(duan)(duan)，(13）脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)为(wei)输(shu)(shu)出控(kong)(kong)(kong)制端(duan)(duan)，接(14)脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)基准电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)时两路(lu)(lu)输(shu)(shu)出脉(mai)冲(chong)(chong)相(xiang)差180方位，每路(lu)(lu)输(shu)(shu)出量大约200MA的(de)(de)(de)(de)驱动推挽或半桥(qiao)式电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)。(15)、脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)第(di)二组放(fang)大器的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)相(xiang)输(shu)(shu)入(ru)端(duan)(duan)，接基准电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)， （16)脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)同相(xiang)输(shu)(shu)入(ru)端(duan)(duan)，检测电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)。当电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)过高超(chao)过（15)脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)参考电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)时，（3）脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)输(shu)(shu)出高电(dian)(dian)(dian)平，电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)进入(ru)保护状态。

高频升压逆变电路及整流：

这是一(yi)个(ge)推(tui)挽式拓扑逆变(bian)电(dian)路(lu)，当E1驱动(dong)脉冲(chong)(chong)驱动(dong)时，Q1导(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)，使VT3、VT6导(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)，VT7、VT8截(jie)止(zhi)(zhi)，此时电(dian)路(lu)进(jin)行正半(ban)周波形(xing)放大，变(bian)压(ya)器(qi)升(sheng)压(ya)到次级，通(tong)(tong)过(guo)高(gao)频整(zheng)流(liu)管整(zheng)流(liu)，当E2脉冲(chong)(chong)驱动(dong)时，Q2导(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)，驱动(dong)VT7、VT8导(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)。VT3、VT6截(jie)止(zhi)(zhi)，进(jin)得负半(ban)周波形(xing)放大。经升(sheng)压(ya)变(bian)压(ya)器(qi)升(sheng)压(ya)后，高(gao)频整(zheng)流(liu)。

（此VT3\6\7\8以推挽(wan)(wan)方式存在(zai)于电路(lu)中(zhong)，各负责正负半周的(de)波(bo)形(xing)放大任务，电路(lu)工(gong)作时，两(liang)只(zhi)对(dui)称的(de)功率(lv)开关管每(mei)次只(zhi)有一(yi)对(dui)导(dao)(dao)通，所以导(dao)(dao)通损耗小(xiao)效率(lv)高。推挽(wan)(wan)输出(chu)既可以向负载灌电流.）

逆变桥逆变：

最(zui)后由TL494CN芯片的(de)5脚外接(jie)点容C3和(he)(he)(he)(he)6脚外接(jie)电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻R15决定脉(mai)宽频率为(wei)(wei)(wei)F=1.1÷(0.1×220)KHZ=50HZ控(kong)制Q10、Q11、Q13、Q14工作在50HZ的(de)频率下，将(jiang)220V直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)逆变为(wei)(wei)(wei)220V/50HZ的(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)，上图(tu)将(jiang)完成这部(bu)分功能。TL494正向时，IC2控(kong)制Q3为(wei)(wei)(wei)饱(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)导(dao)通(tong)状(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)，Q4为(wei)(wei)(wei)截(jie)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)状(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)，由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)Q3为(wei)(wei)(wei)饱(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)导(dao)通(tong)状(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)，则Q10为(wei)(wei)(wei)饱(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)导(dao)通(tong)状(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)。由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)Q4处于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)截(jie)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)状(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)，Q11因(yin)栅极(ji)(ji)无(wu)正偏压(ya)而处于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)截(jie)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)状(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)，同时Q14因(yin)栅极(ji)(ji)无(wu)正偏压(ya)而处于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)截(jie)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)状(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)， Q13为(wei)(wei)(wei)饱(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)导(dao)通(tong)状(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)。此时220V直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)经(jing)VT6沿XAC插座(zuo)到负(fu)(fu)载(zai)再(zai)经(jing)VT10接(jie)地，形成正半周期电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)；反(fan)向时，IC2控(kong)制Q3为(wei)(wei)(wei)截(jie)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)状(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)，Q4为(wei)(wei)(wei)饱(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)导(dao)通(tong)状(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)，由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)Q3为(wei)(wei)(wei)截(jie)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)状(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)，则Q10、Q13因(yin)栅极(ji)(ji)无(wu)正偏压(ya)而处于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)截(jie)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)状(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)，由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)Q4为(wei)(wei)(wei)饱(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)导(dao)通(tong)状(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)，Q11处于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)饱(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)导(dao)通(tong)状(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)，同时Q14处于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)饱(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)导(dao)通(tong)状(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)，Q11因(yin)栅极(ji)(ji)无(wu)正偏压(ya)而处于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)截(jie)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)状(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)。此时220V直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)经(jing)VT9沿XAC插座(zuo)到负(fu)(fu)载(zai)再(zai)经(jing)VT7接(jie)地，形成负(fu)(fu)半周期电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)；这样(yang)接(jie)将(jiang)220V直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)成功转变为(wei)(wei)(wei)220V/50HZ交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)输出供负(fu)(fu)载(zai)使用。

电路中的保护电路：

电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)中采(cai)用双(shuang)运放(fang)(fang)(fang)比较(jiao)放(fang)(fang)(fang)大器LM358来(lai)控制输(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)过(guo)流(liu)保护，输(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)过(guo)低保护电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，TL431在此设制2.5V基准电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)，给比较(jiao)器同(tong)相输(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)端作(zuo)参(can)考(kao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)，第(di)一(yi)组运放(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)同(tong)相输(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)端接(jie)输(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)检(jian)(jian)测，反(fan)相输(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)端接(jie)参(can)考(kao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)，当(dang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)过(guo)大，比较(jiao)器输(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)升高，当(dang)超过(guo)2.5V时，输(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)端输(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)高电(dian)(dian)(dian)平，送入(ru)(ru)(ru)IC1的(de)3脚，IC关(guan)闭(bi)输(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)。第(di)二组运放(fang)(fang)(fang)同(tong)相输(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)端接(jie)参(can)考(kao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)，反(fan)相输(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)端接(jie)输(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)，当(dang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)过(guo)低，检(jian)(jian)测分压(ya)(ya)后(hou)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)低于2.5V时，输(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)端输(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)高电(dian)(dian)(dian)平，Q1导(dao)通，蜂(feng)鸣器报警。

逆变器工作原理

1.直(zhi)流电可以通过震荡电路变为交流电

2.得到的交流电(dian)再通过线圈升压(ya)（这时得到的是方形波的交流电(dian)）

3.对得到的交流电进(jin)行整(zheng)流得到正弦(xian)波

AC-DC就比较简单了 我(wo)们知道二(er)极管有单向(xiang)导电性

可以用二极管的这一特(te)性连(lian)成(cheng)一个电桥

让一端始终是(shi)流入的 另一端始终是(shi)流出的这就得到了(le)电压正弦变化的直(zhi)流电 如果需要平(ping)滑的直(zhi)流电还需要进行整流 简单的方(fang)法就是(shi)连接一个电容

Inverter 是(shi)一(yi)种(zhong)DC to AC的变压器，它其(qi)实与Adapter是(shi)一(yi)种(zhong)电(dian)(dian)压逆变的过程。Adapter是(shi)将市电(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)网的交流电(dian)(dian)压转变为(wei)稳定的12V直(zhi)流输出，而Inverter是(shi)将 Adapter输出的12V直(zhi)流电(dian)(dian)压转变为(wei)高频(pin)的高压交流电(dian)(dian)；两个(ge)部分同样都采用了目前用得比较多的脉宽调(diao)制（PWM）技术。其(qi)核心部分都是(shi)一(yi)个(ge)PWM集 成控制器，Adapter用的是(shi)UC3842，I

nverter则采用TL5001芯片(pian)。TL5001的(de)(de)工作电压范围3.6～40V，其内部(bu)设有一个误差放(fang)大(da)器，一个调节(jie)器、振荡器、有死区控制的(de)(de)PWM发生器、低压保护回路(lu)及短路(lu)保护回路(lu)等。

以(yi)下将对Inverter的工作原(yuan)理(li)进行简要介绍(shao)：

输入接口部分：

输 入部分有3个信号，12V直(zhi)流(liu)输入VIN、工作(zuo)(zuo)使能电(dian)(dian)压(ya)ENB及Panel电(dian)(dian)流(liu)控制(zhi)信号DIM。VIN由(you)Adapter提(ti)供，ENB电(dian)(dian)压(ya)由(you)主板(ban)上的(de)(de)MCU 提(ti)供，其值为0或3V，当ENB=0时，Inverter不(bu)工作(zuo)(zuo)，而ENB=3V时，Inverter处于正(zheng)常工作(zuo)(zuo)状态；而DIM电(dian)(dian)压(ya)由(you)主板(ban)提(ti)供，其变化 范围在0～5V之间，将(jiang)不(bu)同的(de)(de)DIM值反(fan)馈给(ji)PWM控制(zhi)器反(fan)馈端，Inverter向负载(zai)提(ti)供的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)流(liu)也将(jiang)不(bu)同，DIM值越小，Inverter输出的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)流(liu) 就越大。

电压启动回路：

ENB为高电平时，输出高压去点亮Panel的(de)背光灯灯管(guan)。

PWM控制器：

有以下几个功能组成：内部参考电压、误差放大器(qi)、振荡器(qi)和PWM、过压保(bao)(bao)护(hu)、欠压保(bao)(bao)护(hu)、短路保(bao)(bao)护(hu)、输出晶体管。

直流变换：

由(you)MOS开(kai)关管(guan)和储能电(dian)感(gan)组(zu)成(cheng)电(dian)压变换电(dian)路，输入(ru)的(de)脉冲经(jing)过推挽放大(da)器(qi)放大(da)后驱(qu)动MOS管(guan)做(zuo)开(kai)关动作，使得直(zhi)流电(dian)压对电(dian)感(gan)进(jin)行充放电(dian)，这样电(dian)感(gan)的(de)另一端(duan)就能得到交流电(dian)压。

LC振荡及输出回路：

保(bao)证灯(deng)管启(qi)动需要的1600V电压，并在灯(deng)管启(qi)动以后将(jiang)电压降(jiang)至800V。

输出电压反馈：

当(dang)负载工作时，反馈(kui)采样电(dian)压(ya)，起到稳(wen)定Inventer电(dian)压(ya)输出(chu)的作用。

其实你(ni)可(ke)以想(xiang)象一下了(le).都有(you)那些电(dian)(dian)子元件需(xu)(xu)要正(zheng)(zheng)负(fu)(fu)极(ji),电(dian)(dian)阻,电(dian)(dian)感(gan)一般(ban)(ban)不(bu)需(xu)(xu)要.二极(ji)管(guan)一般(ban)(ban)坏的(de)可(ke)能就是(shi)被击穿(chuan)只(zhi)要电(dian)(dian)压(ya)正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)一般(ban)(ban)是(shi)没有(you)问题的(de),三极(ji)管(guan)的(de)话(hua)是(shi)不(bu)会(hui) 导(dao)通的(de).稳压(ya)管(guan)如(ru)果正(zheng)(zheng)负(fu)(fu)接反的(de)话(hua)就会(hui)损坏了(le),但一般(ban)(ban)有(you)的(de)电(dian)(dian)路加了(le)保(bao)护(hu)就是(shi)利用二极(ji)管(guan)的(de)单向导(dao)通来保(bao)护(hu).在(zai)就是(shi)电(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)了(le),电(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)里有(you)正(zheng)(zheng)负(fu)(fu)之分的(de)就是(shi)电(dian)(dian)解电(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)了(le), 如(ru)果正(zheng)(zheng)负(fu)(fu)接反严重的(de)话(hua)其外壳发生爆(bao)裂.

主要元(yuan)件(jian)二极管.开关管振荡(dang)变压(ya)器(qi).取样.调(diao)宽管.还有振荡(dang)回路(lu)电(dian)(dian)阻(zu)电(dian)(dian)容等参开关电(dian)(dian)路(lu)原(yuan)理.

逆变(bian)器的(de)主功(gong)率(lv)(lv)元件(jian)(jian)的(de)选择至关(guan)重要，目前使(shi)用较多的(de)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)元件(jian)(jian)有(you)达林顿功(gong)率(lv)(lv)晶(jing)体管(guan)（BJT），功(gong)率(lv)(lv)场效应管(guan)（MOSFET），绝(jue)缘栅(zha)晶(jing)体管(guan)（IGBT）和(he)可(ke)关(guan) 断晶(jing)闸管(guan)（GTO）等，在小容量低(di)压(ya)系统(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)使(shi)用较多的(de)器件(jian)(jian)为MOSFET，因为MOSFET具有(you)较低(di)的(de)通(tong)态压(ya)降和(he)较高(gao)的(de)开关(guan)频率(lv)(lv)，在高(gao)压(ya)大(da)(da)容量系统(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)一般 均(jun)采用IGBT模块，这是因为MOSFET随着(zhe)电(dian)压(ya)的(de)升(sheng)高(gao)其通(tong)态电(dian)阻也随之增大(da)(da)，而IGBT在中(zhong)(zhong)容量系统(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)占有(you)较大(da)(da)的(de)优势，而在特大(da)(da)容量（100KVA以 上）系统(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)，一般均(jun)采用GTO作(zuo)为功(gong)率(lv)(lv)元件(jian)(jian)

大件：场效应管(guan)或IGBT、变压器(qi)(qi)、电容(rong)、二极管(guan)、比较器(qi)(qi)以及3525之(zhi)类的主控。交直(zhi)交逆变还(hai)有整流滤波(bo)。

功率大(da)小和精度，关系着(zhe)电路的(de)复杂程度。

可以(yi)看一下(xia)手机充电器，这就是一个小开关电源(yuan)！

IGBT（绝 缘栅双(shuang)极(ji)(ji)晶体管(guan)）作为新型电(dian)力半导(dao)体场(chang)控自关(guan)断器件(jian)，集功率MOSFET的高(gao)速(su)性(xing)能与双(shuang)极(ji)(ji)性(xing)器件(jian)的低(di)(di)电(dian)阻于一体，具有输入阻抗高(gao)，电(dian)压(ya)控制(zhi)(zhi)功耗低(di)(di)，控制(zhi)(zhi)电(dian) 路简单，耐(nai)高(gao)压(ya)，承(cheng)受电(dian)流大(da)(da)等(deng)特(te)性(xing)，在(zai)各种电(dian)力变(bian)换(huan)中获得极(ji)(ji)广泛的应用。与此同时，各大(da)(da)半导(dao)体生产厂商不断开发IGBT的高(gao)耐(nai)压(ya)、大(da)(da)电(dian)流、高(gao)速(su)、低(di)(di)饱和压(ya) 降、高(gao)可靠(kao)性(xing)、低(di)(di)成本技(ji)术，主要采用1um以下制(zhi)(zhi)作工艺，研制(zhi)(zhi)开发取得一些新进展。

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