常(chang)用大全电机(ji)控制(zhi)电路图-识图电机(ji)控制(zhi)器原理讲(jiang)解-KIA MOS管
信息来源(yuan)：本站 日期(qi)：2018-04-18
电(dian)机(ji)控制(zhi)器(qi)，顾名思义，就(jiu)是对(dui)(dui)电(dian)机(ji)实现(xian)(xian)控制(zhi)，其主(zhu)要是通过计算机(ji)编(bian)程来(lai)(lai)操作电(dian)机(ji)驱动(dong)器(qi)来(lai)(lai)实现(xian)(xian)的(de)，具(ju)有(you)适用范围(wei)较广、编(bian)程较灵活等特(te)点(dian)，现(xian)(xian)已得到广泛应用，接下来(lai)(lai)小编(bian)就(jiu)对(dui)(dui)电(dian)机(ji)控制(zhi)器(qi)原理做以详细(xi)介(jie)绍。
电(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)控制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)，英文名称为(wei)controller，是一种(zhong)用于控制(zhi)(zhi)电(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)操作的(de)(de)器(qi)件，其功能通(tong)常通(tong)过(guo)集成电(dian)(dian)路来实现，而非(fei)一个(ge)独立的(de)(de)仪器(qi)装(zhuang)置。电(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)控制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)具有免维护、响应(ying)速(su)度快、对电(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)稳定(ding)等特(te)点，现已在(zai)家用电(dian)(dian)器(qi)、工业控制(zhi)(zhi)、军事、汽车等多个(ge)领域(yu)得到广泛应(ying)用，如打印机(ji)(ji)、工厂自动化、机(ji)(ji)械人等。
电机它的(de)主要作(zuo)(zuo)用是产(chan)生(sheng)驱动转(zhuan)矩，作(zuo)(zuo)为用电器(qi)或各种机械的(de)动力源。发(fa)电机在电路中(zhong)用字母G表示。它的(de)主要作(zuo)(zuo)用是利用电能(neng)(neng)转(zhuan)化为机械能(neng)(neng)。
电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)机主(zhu)要包括一个(ge)用以产生磁(ci)场的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)铁绕组或(huo)分(fen)布的(de)定子(zi)(zi)绕组和一个(ge)旋转(zhuan)(zhuan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)枢或(huo)转(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)和其它附件组成。在(zai)定子(zi)(zi)绕组旋转(zhuan)(zhuan)磁(ci)场的(de)作(zuo)用下，其在(zai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)枢鼠笼式(shi)铝(lv)框中有电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流通过并受(shou)磁(ci)场的(de)作(zuo)用而使其转(zhuan)(zhuan)动(dong)。
说明(ming)：
题图中(zhong)的三相异步电动机容量为(wei)(wei)1.5KW，要(yao)求电路能定时自动循环正反转(zhuan)控(kong)制；正转(zhuan)维持(chi)时间为(wei)(wei)20秒钟(zhong)，反转(zhuan)维持(chi)时间为(wei)(wei)40秒钟(zhong)。
按(an)原理图在(zai)配(pei)电(dian)板上配(pei)线，要求线路(lu)明(ming)快、工艺合理、接点牢靠。
简述电路工作原理
注：时(shi)间继电器的(de)延时(shi)时(shi)间不得小于15秒(miao)，时(shi)间调(diao)整应从长向短调(diao)。
定时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)循环(huan)控(kong)制(zhi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)工作原理：合(he)(he)(he)上电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源开(kai)关QF，按(an)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)按(an)钮(niu)SB2，中(zhong)间(jian)继(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)KA吸合(he)(he)(he)，KA的自保(bao)(bao)触(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)与按(an)钮(niu)SB2、KT1、KT2断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)延(yan)(yan)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)闭(bi)合(he)(he)(he)的动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)触(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)组成的串联电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)并(bing)联，接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)了(le)起(qi)(qi)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)。按(an)起(qi)(qi)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)按(an)钮(niu)SB3，时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)间(jian)继(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)KT1得电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)延(yan)(yan)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)开(kai)的动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)触(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)KT1闭(bi)合(he)(he)(he)，接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)触(chu)(chu)器(qi)(qi)KM1线(xian)圈(quan)得电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，主触(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)闭(bi)合(he)(he)(he)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)正(zheng)转(zhuan)（正(zheng)转(zhuan)维(wei)持(chi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)间(jian)为(wei)20秒计时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)开(kai)始）。同时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)KM1动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)触(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)了(le)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)间(jian)继(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)KT2，其串联在接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)触(chu)(chu)器(qi)(qi)KM2线(xian)圈(quan)回路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)的断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)延(yan)(yan)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)开(kai)的动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)触(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)KT2闭(bi)合(he)(he)(he)，由(you)于KM1的互(hu)锁触(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)此时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)已(yi)断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)开(kai)，接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)触(chu)(chu)器(qi)(qi)KM2线(xian)圈(quan)不(bu)能通(tong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。当正(zheng)转(zhuan)维(wei)持(chi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)间(jian)结束后，断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)延(yan)(yan)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)开(kai)的动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)触(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)KT1断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)开(kai),KM1释放，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)正(zheng)转(zhuan)停(ting)止。KM1的动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)触(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)闭(bi)合(he)(he)(he)，接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)触(chu)(chu)器(qi)(qi)KM2线(xian)圈(quan)得电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，主触(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)闭(bi)合(he)(he)(he)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)开(kai)始反转(zhuan).同时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)KM1动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)触(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)开(kai)了(le)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)间(jian)继(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)KT2线(xian)圈(quan)回路(lu)(lu)（反转(zhuan)维(wei)持(chi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)间(jian)为(wei)40秒计时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)开(kai)始）。这时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)KM2动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)触(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)又接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)了(le)KT1线(xian)圈(quan)，断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)延(yan)(yan)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)开(kai)的动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)触(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)KT1闭(bi)合(he)(he)(he)，为(wei)下次电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)正(zheng)转(zhuan)作准备。因(yin)此时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)串联在接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)触(chu)(chu)器(qi)(qi)KM1线(xian)圈(quan)回路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)的KM2互(hu)锁触(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)开(kai)，接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)触(chu)(chu)器(qi)(qi)KM1线(xian)圈(quan)暂时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)得电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。与按(an)钮(niu)SB2串联的KT1、KT2断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)延(yan)(yan)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)闭(bi)合(he)(he)(he)的动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)触(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)保(bao)(bao)证(zheng)在电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)自动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)循环(huan)结束后，才能再(zai)次起(qi)(qi)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)。 热继(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)FR常(chang)闭(bi)触(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)，是(shi)在电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)过(guo)(guo)负载(zai)或缺相过(guo)(guo)热时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)将控(kong)制(zhi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)自动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)断(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)开(kai)，保(bao)(bao)护了(le)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)。
顺序(xu)控(kong)制电(dian)(dian)(dian)路工(gong)作原理：图A：KM2线圈(quan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路由KM1线圈(quan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路起动、停(ting)止(zhi)控(kong)制环节(jie)之(zhi)后接出(chu)。按(an)(an)下起动按(an)(an)钮SB2，KM1线圈(quan)得(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)吸合并自锁，此时才能控(kong)制KM2线圈(quan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路。停(ting)止(zhi)按(an)(an)钮SB3只能控(kong)制M2电(dian)(dian)(dian)动机的(de)停(ting)转，停(ting)止(zhi)按(an)(an)钮SB1为(wei)全停(ting)按(an)(an)钮。本电(dian)(dian)(dian)路只有(you)满足M1电(dian)(dian)(dian)动机先起动的(de)条(tiao)件，才能起动M2电(dian)(dian)(dian)动机。
图B：控制电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)由KM1线圈电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)和KM2线圈电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)单(dan)独构成。KM1的(de)(de)动(dong)(dong)合触点(dian)作为一控制条件，串接在KM2线圈电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中，只有KM1线圈得电(dian)(dian)(dian)吸合，其(qi)辅组助(zhu)动(dong)(dong)合触点(dian)闭(bi)合，此时才(cai)能控制KM2线圈电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。停(ting)止按(an)(an)钮(niu)(niu)SB3只能控制M2电(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)机(ji)的(de)(de)停(ting)转，停(ting)止按(an)(an)钮(niu)(niu)SB1为全停(ting)按(an)(an)钮(niu)(niu)。本电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)只有满足M1电(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)机(ji)先(xian)起动(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)条件，才(cai)能起动(dong)(dong)M2电(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)机(ji)。
说明：
1、本电(dian)路(lu)起动(dong)顺序(xu)(xu)是先M1电(dian)动(dong)机(ji)，后M2电(dian)动(dong)机(ji)；停(ting)止顺序(xu)(xu)则相(xiang)反(fan)。
2、PLC编(bian)程器连接及(ji)通(tong)电操作。
3、清零操作；程序写入操作；根据梯形(xing)图写出(chu)指令表。
主(zhu)机上用导线(xian)连接电动机顺序控制(zhi)。
电动机顺序控(kong)制电路工作原理：合(he)上电源(yuan)开(kai)关QS，按(an)下起动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)按(an)钮(niu)(niu)SB1，接(jie)(jie)触(chu)(chu)器(qi)KM1得电吸合(he)并自保，M1电动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)起动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)运(yun)转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。KM1的另一动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)触(chu)(chu)点闭合(he)，为接(jie)(jie)触(chu)(chu)器(qi)KM2得电作(zuo)准(zhun)备。按(an)下起动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)按(an)钮(niu)(niu)SB2，接(jie)(jie)触(chu)(chu)器(qi)KM2得电吸合(he)并自保，M2电动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)起动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)运(yun)转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。起动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)顺序(xu)是先(xian)KM1吸合(he)，M1电动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)起动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)运(yun)转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)；后KM2吸合(he)，M2电动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)起动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)运(yun)转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。停(ting)车顺序(xu)是：只有先(xian)按(an)下按(an)钮(niu)(niu)SB4，使接(jie)(jie)触(chu)(chu)器(qi)KM2断(duan)电释(shi)放(fang)，KM2的动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)触(chu)(chu)点断(duan)开(kai)，M2电动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)停(ting)转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)后再(zai)按(an)SB3，M1电动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)才能停(ting)止运(yun)转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。热继电器(qi)FR1、FR2常闭触(chu)(chu)点，是在(zai)电动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)过(guo)负载或(huo)缺相(xiang)过(guo)热时(shi)将控制(zhi)电路自动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)断(duan)开(kai)，保护了电动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)。
可逆控制电路（范例）电路工作原理：
（图A）按(an)(an)下(xia)SB2，KM1得电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)吸合(he)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动机(ji)(ji)起动正(zheng)转(zhuan)(zhuan)。按(an)(an)下(xia)SB1，KM1断(duan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)释(shi)放(fang)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动机(ji)(ji)停(ting)(ting)转(zhuan)(zhuan)。按(an)(an)下(xia)SB3，KM2得电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)吸合(he)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动机(ji)(ji)起动反转(zhuan)(zhuan)。按(an)(an)下(xia)SB1，KM2断(duan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)释(shi)放(fang)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动机(ji)(ji)停(ting)(ting)转(zhuan)(zhuan)。缺点：不能(neng)同(tong)(tong)时按(an)(an)下(xia)SB2 、SB3按(an)(an)钮，否则电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)将短路(lu)(lu)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动机(ji)(ji)无法(fa)工(gong)作。原(yuan)因：主电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)触(chu)器KM1、KM2连接(jie)(jie)(jie)到电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动机(ji)(ji)M的是两种相序(xu)的电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，若(ruo)同(tong)(tong)时吸合(he)，在接(jie)(jie)(jie)触(chu)器连接(jie)(jie)(jie)点上(shang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)被短路(lu)(lu)。
（图B）原理同图A。在(zai)KM1线圈(quan)电路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)串(chuan)接(jie)了KM2的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)个(ge)动断触(chu)点：同样，在(zai)KM2线圈(quan)电路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)串(chuan)接(jie)了KM1的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)个(ge)动断触(chu)点。这(zhei)两(liang)个(ge)动断触(chu)点称互锁触(chu)点，这(zhei)种互锁称电气(qi)互锁。保证了任何(he)时候(hou)只(zhi)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)只(zhi)接(jie)触(chu)器吸合，避免了电源短(duan)路(lu)(lu)。缺点：必须(xu)先(xian)按停止按钮SB1，电动机停转后，才能起动电动机的(de)另一(yi)(yi)(yi)旋转方向(xiang)。
（图(tu)C）在上(shang)图(tu)基(ji)础上(shang)增加了(le)由起动按(an)(an)钮的动断触(chu)点(dian)构成(cheng)的机(ji)械互锁。如：按(an)(an)下(xia)SB2，串接(jie)在KM2线圈(quan)电路中SB2动断触(chu)点(dian)断开了(le)KM2线路。保证了(le)两个(ge)接(jie)触(chu)器不能同(tong)时吸合，又能不按(an)(an)停止按(an)(an)钮直接(jie)起动电动机(ji)另一旋转方(fang)向。
说(shuo)明：（高级）
1、按原理图在(zai)配(pei)(pei)电板上配(pei)(pei)线，要求线路(lu)明快(kuai)、工艺合理、接点牢(lao)靠。
2、简述电路工作原理
双重连锁可逆控(kong)制电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)工作原理(li)：按起动(dong)(dong)(dong)按钮(niu)(niu)SB2，KM1吸合并(bing)自(zi)(zi)保，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)正转。与按钮(niu)(niu)SB2常(chang)触(chu)(chu)开点(dian)(dian)(dian)并(bing)联(lian)的KM1触(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)为(wei)自(zi)(zi)保触(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)。按起动(dong)(dong)(dong)按钮(niu)(niu)SB3，KM1断(duan)(duan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)释(shi)放，KM2吸合并(bing)自(zi)(zi)保，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)反转。SB1为(wei)停止按钮(niu)(niu)。电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)由按钮(niu)(niu)SB2、SB3的动(dong)(dong)(dong)断(duan)(duan)触(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)实现(xian)了机(ji)械(xie)联(lian)锁，串(chuan)联(lian)在交流接(jie)触(chu)(chu)器线圈KM1、KM2中的KM2、KM1辅(fu)助动(dong)(dong)(dong)断(duan)(duan)触(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)实现(xian)了电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)气联(lian)锁。串(chuan)联(lian)在控(kong)制电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中的FR动(dong)(dong)(dong)断(duan)(duan)触(chu)(chu)点(dian)(dian)(dian)，是在电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)过(guo)负载(zai)或缺相过(guo)热时热继电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器将(jiang)控(kong)制电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)自(zi)(zi)动(dong)(dong)(dong)断(duan)(duan)开，保护了电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)。
限(xian)位开(kai)关控制自(zi)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)往复电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(1)工(gong)作原(yuan)理：按(an)起(qi)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)按(an)钮(niu)SB2，KM1吸(xi)合并(bing)自(zi)保，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)正转，带(dai)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)械(xie)设(she)备左移(yi)。当(dang)撞块碰压(ya)行(xing)程开(kai)关SQ2时(shi)，KM1断电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，KM2得(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)吸(xi)合并(bing)自(zi)保，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)反(fan)转，机(ji)械(xie)设(she)备右移(yi)。当(dang)撞块碰压(ya)行(xing)程开(kai)关SQ1时(shi)，KM2断电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，KM1得(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)又正转左移(yi)。SB1为停止按(an)钮(niu)。电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路由(you)按(an)钮(niu)SB2、SB3及行(xing)程开(kai)关SQ1、 SQ2的(de)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)断触点(dian)实现了机(ji)械(xie)联锁(suo)，串联在(zai)交流接触器(qi)线(xian)圈(quan)KM1、KM2中的(de)KM2、KM1辅(fu)助触点(dian)实现了电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)气(qi)联锁(suo)。串联在(zai)控制电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中的(de)FR常(chang)闭触点(dian)，是在(zai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)过(guo)负载或缺相过(guo)热(re)时(shi)热(re)继(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)将(jiang)控制电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路自(zi)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)断开(kai)，保护了电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)。
限位开关控制自动往复电路(2)电路工作原理：
按起动按钮SB2，KM1吸合并(bing)自保(bao)，电(dian)动机正转(zhuan)，带动机械设备左(zuo)移。当(dang)撞块碰压(ya)行程(cheng)开(kai)关SQ2时，KM1断电(dian)，KM2得(de)(de)电(dian)吸合并(bing)自保(bao)，电(dian)动机反转(zhuan)，机械设备右(you)移。当(dang)撞块碰压(ya)行程(cheng)开(kai)关SQ1时，KM2断电(dian)，KM1得(de)(de)电(dian)，电(dian)动机又正转(zhuan)左(zuo)移。SB1为停止按钮。电(dian)路由按钮SB2、SB3及(ji)行程(cheng)开(kai)关SQ1、 SQ2的(de)(de)动断触(chu)(chu)点实现(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)(le)机械联(lian)锁(suo)，串联(lian)在交流(liu)接触(chu)(chu)器线圈KM1、KM2中的(de)(de)KM2、KM1辅助触(chu)(chu)点实现(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)(le)电(dian)气联(lian)锁(suo)。串联(lian)在控制(zhi)电(dian)路中的(de)(de)FR常闭触(chu)(chu)点，是在电(dian)动机过负载(zai)或缺相过热时热继电(dian)器将(jiang)控制(zhi)电(dian)路自动断开(kai)，保(bao)护了(le)(le)(le)电(dian)动机。
SQ3、SQ4S是左(zuo)移和右移的终端位置(zhi)行程(cheng)开(kai)关。
星形—三角形起动控制电路工作原理：
按起动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)按钮SB2，接(jie)触器(qi)KM1、KM3和(he)时(shi)(shi)间继电(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)KT线圈得电(dian)(dian)(dian)吸合(he)(he)(he)并(bing)自保(bao)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)星(xing)形(xing)（Y）接(jie)法(fa)(fa)起动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。当KT预定延(yan)时(shi)(shi)时(shi)(shi)间结(jie)(jie)束(shu)时(shi)(shi)，KM3线圈电(dian)(dian)(dian)路中的通电(dian)(dian)(dian)延(yan)时(shi)(shi)断开(kai)(kai)的动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)断触点(dian)(dian)断开(kai)(kai)，KM3断电(dian)(dian)(dian)释放，电(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)星(xing)接(jie)（Y）起动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)结(jie)(jie)束(shu)。此时(shi)(shi)，KM2线圈电(dian)(dian)(dian)路中的通电(dian)(dian)(dian)延(yan)时(shi)(shi)闭合(he)(he)(he)的动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)触点(dian)(dian)闭合(he)(he)(he)。KM2线圈得电(dian)(dian)(dian)吸合(he)(he)(he)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)改为三角(jiao)形(xing)（△）接(jie)法(fa)(fa)运(yun)转(zhuan)。串联(lian)在接(jie)触器(qi)线圈KM3、KM2电(dian)(dian)(dian)路中的KM2、KM3辅助动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)触点(dian)(dian)实(shi)现了电(dian)(dian)(dian)气联(lian)锁。串联(lian)在控(kong)(kong)制电(dian)(dian)(dian)路中的FR动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)断触点(dian)(dian)，是在电(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)过(guo)负(fu)载或缺相过(guo)热时(shi)(shi)热继电(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)将控(kong)(kong)制电(dian)(dian)(dian)路自动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)断开(kai)(kai)，保(bao)护了电(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)。
星形—三角形起动控制电路(2)
星形—三角形起动控制电路(3)
星形—三角形起动控制电路(3)工作原理：
按起动(dong)(dong)按钮(niu)SB2，接(jie)触器(qi)KM3、KM1和时(shi)间继(ji)电(dian)(dian)器(qi)KT线圈得电(dian)(dian)吸合(he)并自保，电(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)机星(xing)形(xing)（Y）接(jie)法起动(dong)(dong)。当KT预定延时(shi)时(shi)间结束时(shi)，KM3线圈电(dian)(dian)路中的(de)通电(dian)(dian)延时(shi)断开的(de)动(dong)(dong)断触点(dian)断开，KM3断电(dian)(dian)释(shi)放(fang)，电(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)机星(xing)接(jie)（Y）起动(dong)(dong)结束，KM2线圈得电(dian)(dian)吸合(he)，电(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)机改为三角(jiao)形(xing)（△）接(jie)法运转。串联(lian)在控制(zhi)(zhi)电(dian)(dian)路中的(de)FR动(dong)(dong)断触点(dian)，是在电(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)机过负载或(huo)缺(que)相过热(re)时(shi)热(re)继(ji)电(dian)(dian)器(qi)将控制(zhi)(zhi)电(dian)(dian)路自动(dong)(dong)断开，保护了电(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)机。
自耦变压器减压起动控制电路工作原理：
合(he)(he)上电(dian)源(yuan)开(kai)关，按起动(dong)按钮SB2，接触器(qi)KM1线(xian)圈(quan)(quan)得(de)电(dian)吸合(he)(he)并自保(bao)，将自耦(ou)变压(ya)器(qi)T接入(ru)，电(dian)动(dong)机(ji)定子绕组经自耦(ou)变压(ya)器(qi)供电(dian)减压(ya)起动(dong)；同时，KT线(xian)圈(quan)(quan)得(de)电(dian)吸合(he)(he)，计时开(kai)始。当KT整定延时时间结束时，其(qi)通电(dian)延时闭(bi)合(he)(he)的动(dong)合(he)(he)触点(dian)闭(bi)合(he)(he)，使中间继(ji)电(dian)器(qi)KA的线(xian)圈(quan)(quan)得(de)电(dian)吸合(he)(he)并自保(bao)，KM1断电(dian)释(shi)放,其(qi)主(zhu)触点(dian)断开(kai)； KM2线(xian)圈(quan)(quan)得(de)电(dian)吸合(he)(he)，其(qi)主(zhu)触点(dian)闭(bi)合(he)(he)，自耦(ou)变压(ya)器(qi)被切(qie)除(chu)，电(dian)动(dong)机(ji)全压(ya)运(yun)行。
自耦变压器减压起动起动控制电路(2)
时间原则能耗制动控制电路工作原理：
合上(shang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)源开(kai)关，按起动按钮SB2，接(jie)(jie)触(chu)器KM1线(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)得电(dian)(dian)(dian)吸合并自保，电(dian)(dian)(dian)动机(ji)起动运转。当按停止按钮SB1时(shi)(shi)，KM1线(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)断(duan)(duan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)释放，其主触(chu)点(dian)断(duan)(duan)开(kai)，定子绕组断(duan)(duan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)；同时(shi)(shi)，KM2、KT线(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)得电(dian)(dian)(dian)吸合并，KM2主触(chu)点(dian)闭(bi)合，电(dian)(dian)(dian)动机(ji)二相(xiang)定子绕组接(jie)(jie)入直流电(dian)(dian)(dian)源进行能(neng)耗(hao)制(zhi)动。使电(dian)(dian)(dian)动机(ji)转速(su)迅(xun)速(su)下(xia)降，当机(ji)转接(jie)(jie)近零时(shi)(shi)，时(shi)(shi)间(jian)继电(dian)(dian)(dian)器KT延时(shi)(shi)时(shi)(shi)间(jian)到。其通电(dian)(dian)(dian)延时(shi)(shi)断(duan)(duan)开(kai)的动断(duan)(duan)触(chu)点(dian)断(duan)(duan)开(kai)，使KM2、KT线(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)相(xiang)继断(duan)(duan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)释放，制(zhi)动过(guo)程结束(shu)。
RP为调(diao)节制动力大小的限(xian)流(liu)电(dian)阻。
4/2极双速电动机起动控制电路工作原理：
图(tu)中(zhong)KM1为三角形接法(fa)(fa)（△）接触(chu)器，KM2、 KM3为双星(xing)形接法(fa)(fa)（YY）接触(chu)器。
合上电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源开关，按起动(dong)按钮SB2，接(jie)触器KM1、KT线圈相继(ji)得电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)吸合并自保，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)机(ji)(ji)定子绕组接(jie)成三(san)角形接(jie)法(fa)（△）4极起动(dong)；经一定时(shi)(shi)间延(yan)时(shi)(shi)后，KT的通电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)延(yan)时(shi)(shi)断开的动(dong)断触点(dian)断开，KM1断电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)释(shi)放，KT的通电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)延(yan)时(shi)(shi)闭合的动(dong)合触点(dian)闭合，KM2、 KM3线圈得电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)吸合并自保，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)机(ji)(ji)定子绕组接(jie)成双星形接(jie)法(fa)（YY）2极运转(zhuan)。
由于双速电动(dong)机定子绕组的接线原因，换(huan)极的同时应改变电源的相序。
4/2极双速电动机起动控制电路工作原理：
图(tu)中(zhong)KM1为三角(jiao)形接(jie)法（△）接(jie)触器(qi)，KM2、 KM3为双星(xing)形接(jie)法（YY）接(jie)触器(qi)。
合(he)上电(dian)(dian)源开关，按(an)起动按(an)钮SB2，接(jie)触器KM1、KT线圈(quan)相继得(de)电(dian)(dian)吸合(he)并(bing)自保，电(dian)(dian)动机(ji)定(ding)子绕(rao)(rao)组(zu)接(jie)成三角形接(jie)法（△）4极起动；经一(yi)定(ding)时间延时后(hou)，KT的(de)(de)通电(dian)(dian)延时断开的(de)(de)动断触点断开，KM1断电(dian)(dian)释放，KT的(de)(de)通电(dian)(dian)延时闭合(he)的(de)(de)动合(he)触点闭合(he)，KM2、 KM3线圈(quan)得(de)电(dian)(dian)吸合(he)并(bing)自保，电(dian)(dian)动机(ji)定(ding)子绕(rao)(rao)组(zu)接(jie)成双星形接(jie)法（YY）2极运转(zhuan)。
由(you)于双速电(dian)动机定子绕组(zu)的(de)接线原因，换极的(de)同时应改变电(dian)源的(de)相序。
串联在(zai)控(kong)制(zhi)电路中的FR动(dong)断触(chu)点，是在(zai)电动(dong)机(ji)过(guo)负载或(huo)缺(que)相过(guo)热时热继电器将(jiang)控(kong)制(zhi)电路自动(dong)断开，保(bao)护(hu)了电动(dong)机(ji)。
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