12v充电器原理图（附7款12v充电器原理图片）大全

充电器概述

本(ben)文主(zhu)要讲(jiang)12v充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)器(qi)原理图（附7款12v充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)器(qi)原理图片）大(da)全，充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)器(qi)是(shi)采用(yong)高频(pin)(pin)电(dian)(dian)源技(ji)术(shu)，运(yun)用(yong)先(xian)进(jin)的(de)(de)(de)智能动态调整充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)技(ji)术(shu)。工频(pin)(pin)机(ji)(ji)是(shi)以传统的(de)(de)(de)模(mo)拟(ni)电(dian)(dian)路原理来设计(ji)的(de)(de)(de)，机(ji)(ji)器(qi)内部电(dian)(dian)力器(qi)件（如变压器(qi)、电(dian)(dian)感、电(dian)(dian)容器(qi)等）都比较(jiao)大(da)，一般在带(dai)载较(jiao)大(da)运(yun)行时存在较(jiao)小(xiao)噪声，但该机(ji)(ji)型在恶劣的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)网环境(jing)条件中耐(nai)抗性(xing)(xing)能较(jiao)强(qiang)，可靠性(xing)(xing)及(ji)稳(wen)定性(xing)(xing)均比高频(pin)(pin)机(ji)(ji)强(qiang)。

七大12v充电器原理图大全
12v充电器电路图(一)

充电过程分析：

1.维护(hu)充电：

当电(dian)池(chi)电(dian)压较低(di)时(可(ke)设定(ding)，本(ben)电(dian)路预(yu)设在9V以(yi)下)，充电(dian)器(qi)工(gong)(gong)作在小(xiao)电(dian)流(liu)维护充电(dian)状态下，工(gong)(gong)作原理为(wei)U⑨脚(同相(xiang)端(duan))电(dian)位(wei)低(di)于⑧脚(反相(xiang)端(duan))，U输出(chu)低(di)电(dian)位(wei)，T4截止。U1D11脚电(dian)位(wei)约0.18V.此时充电(dian)电(dian)流(liu)约250mA(恒流(liu)电(dian)路由R14，U1D，T1B周边外围电(dian)路构成，恒流(liu)原理自行(xing)分析).

2.快速(su)充(chong)电：

随着维护充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)继续，电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压逐(zhu)渐升(sheng)高(gao)，当电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压超过9V时，充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)转入(ru)大电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)模式下，U⑨脚(同相端)电(dian)(dian)(dian)位高(gao)于⑧脚(反相端)，U输出高(gao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)位，T4导通，U1D11脚电(dian)(dian)(dian)位约为0.48V，充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)恒定输出约电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)给电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)。

3.限(xian)压(ya)浮充：

当电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)接近充(chong)(chong)足电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)时，充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)自动转入限压浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)状(zhuang)态下(限压浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压设定(ding)为13.8V，如为6V蓄电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，则浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压应设定(ding)为6.9V)，此时的(de)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流会由快速充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)状(zhuang)态下逐渐下降，至电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)完全充(chong)(chong)足电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流仅为10～30mA，用以补充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)因(yin)自放电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而(er)损(sun)失(shi)的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量。

4.保(bao)护(hu)及充电指示电路：

本(ben)电(dian)路设有反极性保护电(dian)路，由(you)D4，U，U1D，T1及外围(wei)元件构成(cheng)，当电(dian)池反接时，充(chong)(chong)电(dian)器(qi)限制输(shu)出(chu)电(dian)流不(bu)致发生事故(gu)。充(chong)(chong)电(dian)指(zhi)示由(you)U，D7及外围(wei)元件构成(cheng)，充(chong)(chong)电(dian)时，D7点亮，充(chong)(chong)电(dian)器(qi)进入浮充(chong)(chong)状态后，D7熄(xi)灭，表示充(chong)(chong)电(dian)结束。

12v充电器电路图(二)

对于胶体(ti)电(dian)介质铅酸(suan)蓄电(dian)池(chi)来说，该电(dian)路是(shi)一个(ge)高性能的(de)(de)充(chong)电(dian)器(qi)。该充(chong)电(dian)器(qi)能够迅速地为电(dian)池(chi)充(chong)电(dian)，且当(dang)电(dian)池(chi)充(chong)满时，它可迅速地断开充(chong)电(dian)。最(zui)开始的(de)(de)充(chong)电(dian)电(dian)流限制在2A。随(sui)着电(dian)池(chi)电(dian)流和电(dian)压的(de)(de)增加(jia)，当(dang)电(dian)流增加(jia)到(dao)150mA时，充(chong)电(dian)器(qi)就会(hui)调(diao)整(zheng)至较低的(de)(de)漂浮电(dian)压，以防止过(guo)度充(chong)电(dian)。

12v充电器电路图(三)

如图(tu)所(suo)示，该电路由(you)7805构成恒流(liu)源电路，通过大功率三极(ji)管进行扩流(liu)。

12v充电器电路图(四)

不管是一个低(di)电流(50毫(hao)安)，还是高电流(1安培)，该(gai)电路都有能力提供。你(ni)可以(yi)选择(ze)手动(dong)充电或者(zhe)自动(dong)模(mo)式。当电流很低(di)的时候(hou)，你(ni)可以(yi)在选择(ze)高电流充电之前(qian)先用低(di)电流。如(ru)果电池的电压(ya)过低(di)，齐纳二极(ji)管D5将有足够的电流来产(chan)生一个穿过R6的电压(ya)从而使(shi)得Q2开(kai)启。

12v充电器电路图(五)

锂电(dian)池(chi)在充电(dian)过(guo)程(cheng)中需要(yao)控制它(ta)的充电(dian)电(dian)压和充电(dian)电(dian)流并(bing)精(jing)确测量(liang)电(dian)池(chi)电(dian)压，根据锂电(dian)池(chi)电(dian)压将(jiang)充电(dian)过(guo)程(cheng)分为四个阶段。

阶(jie)段(duan)一为预充电(dian)，先用0.1C的小电(dian)流对锂电(dian)池(chi)进行预充电(dian)，当(dang)电(dian)池(chi)电(dian)压(ya)≥2.5V时转到下(xia)一阶(jie)段(duan)。

阶(jie)段二为恒流充(chong)(chong)电，用1C的恒定(ding)电流对锂(li)电池快速充(chong)(chong)电，点电池电压≥4.2V时转到下一(yi)阶(jie)段。

阶(jie)段三(san)为恒(heng)压充(chong)(chong)电(dian)，逐(zhu)渐减小充(chong)(chong)电(dian)电(dian)流，保证电(dian)池(chi)电(dian)压恒(heng)定=4.2V，当充(chong)(chong)电(dian)电(dian)流≤0.1C时转到(dao)下一阶(jie)段。

阶段四为涓流(liu)(liu)充电(dian)(dian)，恒(heng)压充电(dian)(dian)结(jie)(jie)束(shu)后，电(dian)(dian)池已经(jing)基本(ben)充满，为了维(wei)持电(dian)(dian)池电(dian)(dian)压，可以用0.1C甚至更小的(de)电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)对电(dian)(dian)池进行补(bu)充充电(dian)(dian)，到此锂电(dian)(dian)池充电(dian)(dian)过程结(jie)(jie)束(shu)。

本(ben)系统主要有微控制(zhi)器(qi)、电(dian)压检测电(dian)路、电(dian)流检测电(dian)路、电(dian)池状态指示(shi)电(dian)路和充电(dian)控制(zhi)电(dian)路组成(cheng)，电(dian)路原理图如图所示(shi)。

12v充电器电路图(六)

LM358(双(shuang)运(yun)算放大(da)器，1脚(jiao)为电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)地，8脚(jiao)为电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)正)及(ji)其外围(wei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路提供12V工作电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)D9为LM358提供基准(zhun)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)，经(jing)R26，R4分压(ya)(ya)(ya)达到(dao)(dao)(dao)LM358的(de)(de)第(di)二脚(jiao)和(he)第(di)5脚(jiao)正常(chang)充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)时，R27上(shang)端(duan)有0.15-0.18V左右(you)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)，此(ci)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)经(jing)R17加到(dao)(dao)(dao)LM358第(di)三脚(jiao)，从1脚(jiao)送出高(gao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)当电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)上(shang)升到(dao)(dao)(dao)44.2V左右(you)时，充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器进入(ru)恒压(ya)(ya)(ya)充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阶段，输出电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)维持在(zai)44.2V左右(you)，充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器进入(ru)恒压(ya)(ya)(ya)充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阶段，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流逐(zhu)渐减(jian)小当充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流减(jian)小到(dao)(dao)(dao)200mA-300mA时，R27上(shang)端(duan)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)降，LM358的(de)(de)3脚(jiao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)(di)于2脚(jiao)，1脚(jiao)输出低(di)(di)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)，Q2关断(duan)，D6熄灭(mie)同时7脚(jiao)输出高(gao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)，此(ci)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)一路使(shi)Q3导通(tong)，D10点亮(liang)另一路经(jing)D8，W1到(dao)(dao)(dao)达反(fan)馈电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，使(shi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)降低(di)(di)充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器进入(ru)涓流充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阶段1-2小时后充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)结束。

12v充电器电路图(七)

用(yong)555时基(ji)集(ji)成电(dian)(dian)(dian)路制作的锂离子电(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)器，它(ta)具有(you)恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)/恒(heng)(heng)压(ya)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)自动转换功(gong)能，当电(dian)(dian)(dian)池端(duan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)低(di)于4.2V时采用(yong)恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)式，而在电(dian)(dian)(dian)池端(duan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)充(chong)(chong)至4.2V时会(hui)自动转为恒(heng)(heng)压(ya)小电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(60mA)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)式，不(bu)会(hui)出现电(dian)(dian)(dian)池过充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)。

电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路由(you)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源开关S、电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源变压(ya)器(qi)T、整(zheng)流(liu)桥堆UR、滤波电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容C1、C2和(he)三(san)端集成(cheng)稳压(ya)集成(cheng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路IC1组(zu)成(cheng);充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路由(you)二极(ji)管VD、三(san)端可调稳压(ya)集成(cheng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路IC3、电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻R2～R4、电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器(qi)RP2和(he)继电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)K的控(kong)制触头等组(zu)成(cheng);控(kong)制电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路由(you)时基集成(cheng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路IC2、电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器(qi)RP1、电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻R1、R5～R8、电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容C3、C4、晶体管V1、V2、继电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)K和(he)发光二极(ji)管VL1、VL2组(zu)成(cheng)。

接通电(dian)(dian)源后，交流220V电(dian)(dian)压(ya)经T降压(ya)、UR整(zheng)流、C1滤波及IC1稳压(ya)后，在02两端产生12V直(zhi)流电(dian)(dian)压(ya)。该电(dian)(dian)压(ya)分为三路(lu)：一(yi)(yi)路(lu)经RP1降压(ya)调整(zheng)后，为102提供工(gong)作电(dian)(dian)压(ya)(VCC);一(yi)(yi)路(lu)经VD加至IC3的3脚(jiao)(电(dian)(dian)压(ya)输(shu)入端)，作为充电(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)路(lu)的输(shu)入电(dian)(dian)压(ya);另(ling)一(yi)(yi)路(lu)经R1对(dui)C3充电(dian)(dian)。V1、V2和K的工(gong)作电(dian)(dian)源取(qu)自UR整(zheng)流后的直(zhi)流电(dian)(dian)压(ya)。

刚接(jie)通电(dian)(dian)源时，由于C3两端(duan)电(dian)(dian)压不(bu)能(neng)突(tu)变，IC2的2脚电(dian)(dian)压低于Vcc/3，IC2内部的触发器置位(wei)，3脚输出高电(dian)(dian)平，使V1饱和导通，V2截止，K不(bu)能(neng)吸合，其常闭触头(tou)接(jie)通，将(jiang)R4短接(jie)，充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)路(lu)对(dui)电(dian)(dian)池GB恒(heng)流充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)。此时VL2点亮，指示充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)器处于恒(heng)流充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)状态。

当(dang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)到4.2V时，IC2的6脚电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)达到2VCc/3阈(yu)值电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)，IC2内(nei)部的触发器复位(wei)，3脚由高电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)变为(wei)低电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)，使(shi)V1截(jie)止，V2饱和导通，K吸合，其常(chang)闭触头(tou)断开，常(chang)开触头(tou)接通，充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路由恒流充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)改为(wei)恒压(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)，对GB进(jin)行(xing)恒压(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流为(wei)60mA左右，且随着(zhe)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的进(jin)行(xing)而逐渐减(jian)小，当(dang)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流降为(wei)20mA左右时，充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)结束。

充电器的工作原理

所有(you)手(shou)机充电器其实(shi)都是由一个稳(wen)定电源(yuan)（主要是稳(wen)压(ya)电源(yuan)、提(ti)供稳(wen)定工作电压(ya)和(he)足够的电流）加上必要的恒流、限(xian)压(ya)、限(xian)时、过冲等控制电路组成。

原装(zhuang)充(chong)电(dian)器(qi)（指(zhi)线充(chong)）上所(suo)标注的输(shu)出(chu)参(can)数：比如输(shu)出(chu)4.4V/1A、输(shu)出(chu)5.9V/400mA，就是指(zhi)内部稳压电(dian)源(yuan)的相关参(can)数。比如输(shu)出(chu)4.4V可以(yi)给4.5V的设备用，5.9V的可以(yi)给6V的设备用。

充电器的应用领域

电(dian)动(dong)托盘车(che)(che)、电(dian)动(dong)叉车(che)(che)、电(dian)动(dong)搬运车(che)(che)、电(dian)动(dong)升降车(che)(che)、电(dian)动(dong)游(you)览车(che)(che)、电(dian)动(dong)船、画舫、火车(che)(che)头(tou)等。

联系方式：邹先生

联系电话：0755-83888366-8022

手机：18123972950

QQ：2880195519

联系地址：深圳市福田区(qu)车公庙天安数码城(cheng)天吉(ji)大厦CD座5C1

请(qing)搜微信公众号(hao):“KIA半导体”或扫一扫下(xia)图“关(guan)注”官方微信公众号(hao)

请“关注”官方(fang)微信公众号:提供(gong) MOS管(guan) 技(ji)术帮助