稳压电源-稳压电源电路与特性、稳压电源的应用、注意事项等

稳压电(dian)源(yuan)

稳压(ya)电(dian)源(yuan)是能为负载提供稳定的(de)交流(liu)电(dian)或直(zhi)流(liu)电(dian)的(de)电(dian)子装置，包(bao)括交流(liu)稳压(ya)电(dian)源(yuan)和直(zhi)流(liu)稳压(ya)电(dian)源(yuan)两大类(lei)。

当电(dian)网(wang)电(dian)压(ya)或(huo)负载出现瞬(shun)间波动时，稳压(ya)电(dian)源会以10-30ms的响(xiang)应(ying)速(su)度对电(dian)压(ya)幅(fu)值进行补偿，使其稳定(ding)在±2%以内。

一般(ban)来说，由于(yu)(yu)昂贵而(er)不能使用(yong)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，并且在放电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)时需要更换。在这(zhei)种情(qing)况下，我们需要一个可以将交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)改为直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)滤波器(qi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)包括(kuo)普通DC电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。如(ru)果负载是对比度(du)，则(ze)正(zheng)(zheng)常的(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)o / p保持(chi)稳(wen)(wen)定。虽然在几个电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中无论替代(dai)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)如(ru)何(he)，保持(chi)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)恒定都是非(fei)常重要的(de)(de)。否则(ze)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)会(hui)受到损坏。为了克服这(zhei)个问题，可以使用(yong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压调节装(zhuang)置，得到一个稳(wen)(wen)压电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。因(yin)此，通过正(zheng)(zheng)常直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)混合(he)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压调节装(zhuang)置被称为直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)稳(wen)(wen)压电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。这(zhei)是一种电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)气设(she)备，用(yong)于(yu)(yu)产(chan)生(sheng)稳(wen)(wen)定的(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，而(er)与交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)无关。

什么是稳压电源？

所述IC稳(wen)压电源（RPS）是(shi)一(yi)种电子电路，设计成(cheng)提供(gong)穿过负载端子固定(ding)(ding)(ding)值的(de)稳(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)电压而不管负载的(de)变(bian)化(hua)的(de)。稳(wen)压电源的(de)主(zhu)要功能是(shi)将未调节的(de)交流(liu)电（AC）转换为稳(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)电（DC）。RPS用于确认输入是(shi)否发生变(bian)化(hua)，输出将保持稳(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。该电源也称为线性电源，这将允许(xu)AC输入并(bing)提供(gong)稳(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)DC输出。

稳压电(dian)源电(dian)路

稳压电源框图

在稳压(ya)电源(yuan)的方框图(tu)主要包括(kuo)降压(ya)变压(ya)器(qi)，整(zheng)流器(qi)，直流过滤器(qi)和调节器(qi)。下面(mian)讨论稳压(ya)电源(yuan)的构造和工作原理(li)。

稳压电(dian)(dian)源(yuan)电(dian)(dian)路(lu)设计(ji)框图

变压器和交流电源

可以使用(yong)电(dian)源(yuan)来提供来自主电(dian)源(yuan)的精确电(dian)压(ya)所需(xu)的电(dian)量，如电(dian)池。变压(ya)器将交流电(dian)源(yuan)电(dian)压(ya)改变为必要(yao)值，其主要(yao)功能(neng)是升压(ya)和(he)降压(ya)。例如，降压(ya)变压(ya)器用(yong)于(yu)晶体管收(shou)音机，升压(ya)变压(ya)器用(yong)于(yu)CRT。变压(ya)器与电(dian)力线分(fen)离，即使不需(xu)要(yao)在电(dian)压(ya)范围内进行任(ren)何修改，也必须使用(yong)变压(ya)器。

整流器

整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)是(shi)电设备(bei)用于交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)电转换成直流(liu)(liu)电。它可以(yi)是(shi)全波(bo)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)以(yi)及半波(bo)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)，在变(bian)压(ya)器(qi)的帮(bang)助下通过(guo)桥式(shi)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)，否则为中心抽头次(ci)级(ji)绕组。但是(shi)，整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)的o / p可以(yi)变(bian)化。

过滤

稳压电(dian)源(yuan)中的滤(lv)波器主要(yao)用(yong)于平衡与校正电(dian)压的交流(liu)(liu)电(dian)差。整流(liu)(liu)器分(fen)为电(dian)容滤(lv)波器、电(dian)感滤(lv)波器、LC滤(lv)波器和RC滤(lv)波器四种类型。

电压调节器

电(dian)(dian)压(ya)调(diao)(diao)节器中的(de)稳压(ya)电(dian)(dian)源(yuan)是(shi)用(yong)(yong)于通过(guo)供给(ji)负(fu)载调(diao)(diao)节以及线路调(diao)(diao)整保持一个稳定的(de)直流输出电(dian)(dian)压(ya)是(shi)必不可少的(de)。因(yin)此，我(wo)们可以采用(yong)(yong)稳压(ya)器，晶(jing)(jing)体(ti)管，三(san)端集成稳压(ya)器等稳压(ya)器。一个 SMPS-开(kai)关(guan)模(mo)式电(dian)(dian)源(yuan)可用(yong)(yong)于串联(lian)导(dao)通晶(jing)(jing)体(ti)管内由(you)小的(de)功率(lv)消(xiao)耗巨大供给(ji)负(fu)载电(dian)(dian)流。

稳压电源特性

电(dian)源的(de)质量(liang)可以由几个(ge)因素决定(ding)，即(ji)负载(zai)电(dian)流、电(dian)压(ya)、电(dian)源和(he)电(dian)压(ya)调节、纹波(bo)抑制、o / p阻抗等。下(xia)面解释了一些因素。

负载调节

负(fu)载(zai)调节(jie)也称为负(fu)载(zai)效应。这可(ke)(ke)以(yi)定义为当(dang)负(fu)载(zai)电流从最低值到最高值改变(bian)时，则调节(jie)电压(ya)的输出将被改变(bian)。这可(ke)(ke)以(yi)通过使用以(yi)下等(deng)式(shi)来计算。

负载调节= Vno负载 - Vfull负载

根据(ju)上(shang)述负载调节方程，我们可以得出结论，无(wu)论何时发生空载电压，负载电阻(zu)都(dou)将(jiang)是(shi)无(wu)限的(de)。类似地，每当满载电压发生时，负载电阻(zu)将(jiang)是(shi)最(zui)低值(zhi)。因此电压调节将(jiang)会丢(diu)失(shi)。

负载调节百分比=（Vno负载 - Vfull负载）/（Vfull-load）X 100

最低负载电阻

电(dian)(dian)(dian)流源通过额定电(dian)(dian)(dian)压提供其满载充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流的负(fu)载电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻可称为最(zui)低负(fu)载电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻。

最低负载电阻=电压满载/电流满载

线路或源规则

在电(dian)(dian)(dian)源方(fang)框图(tu)中，输(shu)入(ru)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)实际上(shang)是(shi)230伏; 交流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)源电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)范围(wei)(wei)内存在显着差异(yi)。由于该(gai)主(zhu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)源电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)是(shi)正常电(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)i / p，因此桥式整流(liu)器的(de)(de)(de)滤波o / p与AC电(dian)(dian)(dian)源电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)大(da)致成正比。源调节可以定义为特(te)定低(di)压(ya)(ya)范围(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)调节o / p电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)修改。

稳压(ya)电源的输出电阻非常小。尽管可以改变(bian)外部负(fu)载电阻，但是在(zai)负(fu)载电压(ya)内几(ji)乎看(kan)不(bu)到变(bian)化(hua)。完美电压(ya)源的o / p阻抗为零。

涟漪拒绝

电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)调(diao)节(jie)器根据输(shu)入电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)变化固(gu)定(ding)o / p电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)。纹波等(deng)于i / p电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)内的周(zhou)期差(cha)。因此，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)调(diao)节(jie)器满足接近未调(diao)节(jie)的i / p电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)的纹波。由于电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)调(diao)节(jie)器利用(yong)-ve反馈，因此失(shi)真可以通过与增益相似的因子来降低。

稳压电源的应用

稳压电源的应用(yong)包括以下内容(rong)：

稳压电源(yuan)（RPS）是一种嵌入式电路(lu)，用于通过整流器将未调节的(de)(de)交(jiao)流电转换(huan)为(wei)稳定的(de)(de)直流电。其主(zhu)要功能是为(wei)电路(lu)提供恒定电压，该(gai)电路(lu)应在特定的(de)(de)电源(yuan)限(xian)制下工作。

? 手机(ji)充电器

? 不(bu)同设备的稳压电源

? 各种(zhong)振(zhen)荡器和(he)放大器

因此，这完(wan)全(quan)是关于(yu)稳压电(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)（RPS）。从上述信息，最后，我(wo)们可以得出结论(lun)，RPS将(jiang)未调节的(de)交流(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)改变为稳定的(de)直流(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)。稳压直流(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)也称为线性(xing)电(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。该电(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)将(jiang)允许AC输入并提供稳定的(de)DC o/p。

稳压电源注意事项

1.为防止漏磁(ci)干扰(rao)，稳压(ya)器与使(shi)用设(she)备之间放(fang)置距离(li)不(bu)应少于2米(mi).各种(zhong)磁(ci)性记录，碟，卡等应远离(li)本(ben)机2米(mi)之外，以防意(yi)外磁(ci)化。

2.稳压器一(yi)般包(bao)括输(shu)入端(duan)(duan)子（A，B，C），输(shu)出(chu)端(duan)(duan)子（a，b，c，n），屏蔽，铁芯壳(qiao)接地端(duan)(duan)子.这些(xie)端(duan)(duan)子在稳压系统已正确联(lian)接。

3.如(ru)负(fu)载不平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)度(du)超过20%时在(zai)轻载的一相并联(lian)一个电阻性(xing)(xing)负(fu)载使之平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng).同样，如(ru)果输入(ru)端(duan)的线(xian)电压(ya)(ya)的不平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)度(du)大(da)于10%时也会影响本机的稳压(ya)(ya)性(xing)(xing)能，这时也应从(cong)输入(ru)端(duan)设置单相调压(ya)(ya)器(qi)使输入(ru)端(duan)的线(xian)电压(ya)(ya)基(ji)本平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng).输入(ru)电压(ya)(ya)及(ji)负(fu)荷两(liang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)度(du)不超过上述(shu)范围，输出线(xian)电压(ya)(ya)不平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)≤5%。

4.当负(fu)载(zai)设备有短路时，用(yong)户需关机检(jian)查，消除短路故障后再另行开(kai)机。

5.连续工(gong)作时(shi)间较长时(shi)，机器(qi)有一定的温升，其指(zhi)示值会稍为(wei)下降，略(lve)低于实际电(dian)压值。

6.应放(fang)在(zai)通(tong)风较(jiao)好(hao)的位置，若通(tong)风条件(jian)较(jiao)差的，请在(zai)室内装上换(huan)气(qi)扇。

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