工(gong)业开关(guan)电(dian)源市场分析-工(gong)业开关(guan)电(dian)源MOS管厂(chang)家及应用方案详解-KIA MOS管
信息来源：本站 日期：2018-09-10
中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)开(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)场(chang)发(fa)展(zhan)分(fen)析根据北京(jing)捷孚(fu)(fu)联合(he)咨询有限公(gong)司(si)（JFUnited）最新调(diao)查报告(gao)(gao)(gao)《2007中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)开(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)场(chang)调(diao)查报告(gao)(gao)(gao)》数据显(xian)示(shi)(shi)，2006年中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)开(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)场(chang)规(gui)模在(zai)6.7亿元；从产品(pin)安装方式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)类来(lai)(lai)看，2006年工(gong)(gong)(gong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)领域(yu)平(ping)板式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)开(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)导(dao)轨(gui)(gui)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)开(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)产品(pin)分(fen)别占(zhan)(zhan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)场(chang)总规(gui)模的(de)(de)(de)66%和(he)34%；从应用(yong)领域(yu)分(fen)类来(lai)(lai)看，机械(xie)、电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力和(he)铁路三大领域(yu)占(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)领域(yu)开(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)场(chang)的(de)(de)(de)90%，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)机械(xie)和(he)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力两大领域(yu)就占(zhan)(zhan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)场(chang)总体规(gui)模的(de)(de)(de)80%。 根据JFUnited调(diao)查报告(gao)(gao)(gao)资(zi)料显(xian)示(shi)(shi)，在(zai)2001-2006年间(jian)，占(zhan)(zhan)国(guo)(guo)(guo)内(nei)(nei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)开(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)份(fen)额(e)的(de)(de)(de)厂商，比如朝阳(yang)、铭(ming)纬(wei)、衡(heng)孚(fu)(fu)等(deng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)厂商的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)长率(lv)平(ping)均在(zai)15%-30%之间(jian)，但从整个(ge)(ge)行业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)来(lai)(lai)看，工(gong)(gong)(gong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)开(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)并(bing)(bing)没(mei)有达(da)到预期的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)长率(lv)，而(er)工(gong)(gong)(gong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)开(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)场(chang)增(zeng)长率(lv)要(yao)远(yuan)低于在(zai)通信(xin)及家电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、计算机领域(yu)，2001-2006年工(gong)(gong)(gong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)增(zeng)长率(lv)仅保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)在(zai)10%-15%的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)长区间(jian)。另(ling)(ling)外(wai)(wai)，JFUnited调(diao)查报告(gao)(gao)(gao)指(zhi)出(chu)(chu)，国(guo)(guo)(guo)内(nei)(nei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)开(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)2005-2006年市(shi)(shi)(shi)场(chang)整体增(zeng)长速度(du)均略(lve)超过(guo)30%，并(bing)(bing)对2007年工(gong)(gong)(gong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)开(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)场(chang)的(de)(de)(de)发(fa)展(zhan)持(chi)(chi)乐观(guan)态度(du)。随着导(dao)轨(gui)(gui)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)开(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)及模块(kuai)开(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)快速发(fa)展(zhan)，以(yi)(yi)及新技(ji)术的(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)现(xian)，国(guo)(guo)(guo)内(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)开(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)场(chang)格局将会(hui)有所变(bian)化(hua)，而(er)国(guo)(guo)(guo)内(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)重要(yao)开(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)厂商将预期增(zeng)长率(lv)锁定在(zai)20%上(shang)下，JFUnited认为(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)平(ping)板式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)开(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)未来(lai)(lai)发(fa)展(zhan)速度(du)将保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)在(zai)20%左右，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)开(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)长速度(du)及发(fa)展(zhan)水平(ping)远(yuan)低于日(ri)本、美国(guo)(guo)(guo)、欧洲等(deng)地。 目(mu)前(qian)国(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)(wai)公(gong)司(si)如ABB、欧姆(mu)(mu)龙、西门子(zi)、菲尼(ni)克斯(si)等(deng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)以(yi)(yi)生产销(xiao)售(shou)导(dao)轨(gui)(gui)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)产品(pin)为(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，而(er)国(guo)(guo)(guo)内(nei)(nei)代表(biao)性公(gong)司(si)如朝阳(yang)、铭(ming)纬(wei)（台(tai)(tai)资(zi)）、衡(heng)孚(fu)(fu)、德(de)创、三基(ji)等(deng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)以(yi)(yi)生产平(ping)板式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)开(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)为(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。另(ling)(ling)外(wai)(wai)，国(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)(wai)公(gong)司(si)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)除电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)盛(sheng)兰(lan)达(da)等(deng)少数开(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)企(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)大陆有设立工(gong)(gong)(gong)厂以(yi)(yi)外(wai)(wai)，大部(bu)分(fen)以(yi)(yi)进口形式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)大陆销(xiao)售(shou)，在(zai)营销(xiao)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)开(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)企(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)呈现(xian)出(chu)(chu)代理和(he)直销(xiao)两种(zhong)并(bing)(bing)存的(de)(de)(de)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。 调(diao)查报告(gao)(gao)(gao)资(zi)料显(xian)示(shi)(shi)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)开(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)力企(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)市(shi)(shi)(shi)场(chang)规(gui)模表(biao)现(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，前(qian)四名只有朝阳(yang)一家国(guo)(guo)(guo)内(nei)(nei)企(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，而(er)其它(ta)三家均为(wei)外(wai)(wai)资(zi)（含台(tai)(tai)资(zi)）企(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，并(bing)(bing)且朝阳(yang)比其它(ta)三个(ge)(ge)企(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)优势并(bing)(bing)不明显(xian)，而(er)国(guo)(guo)(guo)内(nei)(nei)其它(ta)企(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大多保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)水平(ping)。行业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)销(xiao)售(shou)规(gui)模前(qian)四位(wei)朝阳(yang)、电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)盛(sheng)兰(lan)达(da)、铭(ming)纬(wei)、欧姆(mu)(mu)龙四家企(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)市(shi)(shi)(shi)场(chang)份(fen)额(e)目(mu)前(qian)占(zhan)(zhan)到整个(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)开(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)场(chang)份(fen)额(e)的(de)(de)(de)48%，这说明工(gong)(gong)(gong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)开(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)行业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)市(shi)(shi)(shi)场(chang)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)度(du)已经比较高，市(shi)(shi)(shi)场(chang)发(fa)展(zhan)正超着成熟水平(ping)发(fa)展(zhan)。
前(qian)十(shi)名企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)总(zong)量与(yu)外(wai)资(zi)(zi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)总(zong)量比(bi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)1：1.5。从(cong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)以看(kan)出(chu)，目前(qian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)开(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)市(shi)场国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)很大(da)程(cheng)度上(shang)落后于(yu)(yu)外(wai)资(zi)(zi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。 在(zai)(zai)(zai)各(ge)厂(chang)商(shang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)开(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)价(jia)格(ge)(ge)表现(xian)(xian)上(shang)，JFUnited报告指(zhi)出(chu)，类似规(gui)格(ge)(ge)（同(tong)一功率和输出(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压）不同(tong)厂(chang)商(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)价(jia)格(ge)(ge)水平(ping)差(cha)(cha)异很大(da)，差(cha)(cha)距(ju)在(zai)(zai)(zai)几倍(bei)(bei)到十(shi)几倍(bei)(bei)不等；另外(wai)，同(tong)一公司(si)由于(yu)(yu)认(ren)证数量和类型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)(cha)异，同(tong)一规(gui)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)价(jia)格(ge)(ge)也会有(you)(you)(you)很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)(cha)异，或者同(tong)一公司(si)由于(yu)(yu)产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)应用(yong)(yong)场合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)位不同(tong)导(dao)致(zhi)价(jia)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)(ju)大(da)差(cha)(cha)异，如(ru)朝(chao)阳军(jun)(jun)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)级(ji)开(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)分(fen)(fen)别(bie)是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)级(ji)和商(shang)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)级(ji)开(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1.5-3倍(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)价(jia)差(cha)(cha)。 JFUnited在(zai)(zai)(zai)调查报告中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)对未来(lai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)开(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)行(xing)(xing)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)关(guan)(guan)(guan)键竞争(zheng)因素(su)(su)分(fen)(fen)析中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)指(zhi)出(chu)，国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)从(cong)事工(gong)(gong)(gong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)开(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，从(cong)整(zheng)体(ti)上(shang)来(lai)讲(jiang)与(yu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)还存在(zai)(zai)(zai)差(cha)(cha)距(ju)，产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)规(gui)模(mo)以及产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)种类不可(ke)能(neng)兼顾所有(you)(you)(you)工(gong)(gong)(gong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)领(ling)域(yu)(yu)，优(you)(you)势(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)自身擅长的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)领(ling)域(yu)(yu)，比(bi)如(ru)无锡宇(yu)峰(feng)重(zhong)点在(zai)(zai)(zai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)行(xing)(xing)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，随着(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)际(ji)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)从(cong)高(gao)端市(shi)场向中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端市(shi)场的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)延伸，加大(da)对国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冲击力(li)，使(shi)得(de)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保住(zhu)现(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阵地(di)成(cheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)首要(yao)任务，因此，能(neng)否进一步市(shi)场细分(fen)(fen)，加大(da)优(you)(you)势(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)领(ling)域(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)资(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)组合(he)，成(cheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)今后发(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大(da)挑战(zhan)。 随着(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)盛兰达(da)、欧姆龙等国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)际(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)巨(ju)(ju)头实施中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)本(ben)地(di)化(hua)(hua)发(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)策略，并不断兼并和重(zhong)组国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)优(you)(you)势(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)开(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)在(zai)(zai)(zai)华推广及成(cheng)本(ben)战(zhan)略凸显优(you)(you)势(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，未来(lai)不仅对于(yu)(yu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)(you)相(xiang)当影响(xiang)，也会进一步强占其它中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)端领(ling)域(yu)(yu)外(wai)资(zi)(zi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)牌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)场份额(e)。 从(cong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)开(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)细分(fen)(fen)市(shi)场来(lai)看(kan)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)、铁路、军(jun)(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)、航空等领(ling)域(yu)(yu)，目前(qian)主(zhu)要(yao)由少部分(fen)(fen)供(gong)应商(shang)垄断，短期内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)这样市(shi)场特点不会很大(da)变化(hua)(hua)，而对于(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)领(ling)域(yu)(yu)来(lai)讲(jiang)，涉及产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)及环境比(bi)较复杂，各(ge)供(gong)应商(shang)都有(you)(you)(you)不同(tong)比(bi)例的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)涉及，未来(lai)随着(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)各(ge)家(jia)供(gong)应商(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技术及产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)发(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，市(shi)场份额(e)可(ke)能(neng)会出(chu)现(xian)(xian)较大(da)变化(hua)(hua)， 行(xing)(xing)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)发(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)水平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好坏对于(yu)(yu)行(xing)(xing)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)发(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尤为(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)要(yao)，随着(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子技术的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)速发(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，各(ge)种电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子、电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器设备领(ling)域(yu)(yu)，程(cheng)控(kong)(kong)(kong)交换机、通讯、电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子检测设备电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、控(kong)(kong)(kong)制设备电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等都已广泛地(di)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)了开(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，另外(wai)开(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)又表现(xian)(xian)出(chu)替(ti)代线(xian)形及相(xiang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)趋势(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，未来(lai)发(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)空间(jian)是(shi)否将(jiang)会达(da)到或者超过(guo)预(yu)期水平(ping)，将(jiang)决定(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)开(kai)(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)各(ge)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)发(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)速度及未来(lai)走势(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。 目前(qian)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)质和技术上(shang)还不能(neng)和国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)想(xiang)媲美，但(dan)由于(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)廉价(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)劳动力(li)和原(yuan)材料，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)价(jia)格(ge)(ge)上(shang)占有(you)(you)(you)十(shi)分(fen)(fen)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)优(you)(you)势(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。这使(shi)得(de)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民营企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)总(zong)体(ti)规(gui)模(mo)还占有(you)(you)(you)20%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)规(gui)模(mo)，短期内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)价(jia)格(ge)(ge)及成(cheng)本(ben)因素(su)(su)仍然为(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)竞争(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最主(zhu)要(yao)因素(su)(su)之一。
国(guo)内(nei)(nei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)与国(guo)外(wai)(wai)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)相(xiang)比(bi)(bi)输在(zai)(zai)工(gong)艺(yi)，国(guo)内(nei)(nei)开关电(dian)源企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)规模和(he)产值(zhi)方面与国(guo)外(wai)(wai)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)相(xiang)比(bi)(bi)水平相(xiang)当。也掌(zhang)握了一些(xie)独(du)立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技术工(gong)艺(yi)，但(dan)主要是在(zai)(zai)小型器件产品(pin)上。但(dan)在(zai)(zai)大型器件芯(xin)片技术上还依(yi)靠国(guo)外(wai)(wai)技术，虽(sui)然在(zai)(zai)珠三角地区尽(jin)管有大批的(de)(de)(de)(de)台资(zi)和(he)日资(zi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建立(li)了生产线，但(dan)主要芯(xin)片技术还是外(wai)(wai)资(zi)控制(zhi)。在(zai)(zai)未来的(de)(de)(de)(de)竞(jing)争中，独(du)立(li)工(gong)艺(yi)技术是开关电(dian)源企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)掌(zhang)握和(he)扩展市(shi)场(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)关键(jian)。 JFUnited在(zai)(zai)调查(cha)报告中最后(hou)指出，国(guo)内(nei)(nei)开关电(dian)源企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)也业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)务(wu)开拓(tuo)(tuo)能(neng)力(li)上与外(wai)(wai)资(zi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)存在(zai)(zai)差距。大多(duo)数外(wai)(wai)部渠道资(zi)源匮乏(fa)，只能(neng)等待客(ke)户上门，而欧美(mei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需求信息掌(zhang)握比(bi)(bi)较全(quan)面及(ji)时，渠道网(wang)络丰(feng)富，使市(shi)场(chang)开拓(tuo)(tuo)能(neng)力(li)远强(qiang)于国(guo)内(nei)(nei)，另外(wai)(wai)，国(guo)内(nei)(nei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)与外(wai)(wai)资(zi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)相(xiang)比(bi)(bi)，普遍存在(zai)(zai)服(fu)务(wu)意(yi)识不强(qiang)，不注重客(ke)源关系维(wei)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)现象(xiang)。甚至(zhi)有些(xie)小企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)过于追求经济效益，而忽略了企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)关服(fu)务(wu)，例如产品(pin)质量(liang)保证和(he)售后(hou)服(fu)务(wu)、企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)应(ying)该承担的(de)(de)(de)(de)社会责任等。这样的(de)(de)(de)(de)结果(guo)最终必(bi)然是企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)客(ke)户投诉越(yue)来越(yue)多(duo)，最后(hou)被市(shi)场(chang)淘汰。在(zai)(zai)未来的(de)(de)(de)(de)竞(jing)争中，市(shi)场(chang)开拓(tuo)(tuo)能(neng)力(li)及(ji)服(fu)务(wu)意(yi)识的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高也是企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)发展的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要因素。
本(ben)文(wen)主要(yao)是介绍工业(ye)开关电源MOS管供应商(shang)及参数、选(xuan)型详解，深(shen)圳市利盈(ying)娱(yu)乐半导体科(ke)技有限(xian)公司(si).是一家专(zhuan)业(ye)从事中、大、功率场(chang)效应管(MOSFET)、快速恢复二(er)极管、三端稳压管开发设计，集研发、生(sheng)产和销售为一体的国家高(gao)新技术企(qi)业(ye)。
2005年在深圳福田，KIA半导体开启了(le)(le)前行之路，注册(ce)资金1000万，办公(gong)区域达1200平(ping)方(fang)，已(yi)(yi)经(jing)拥有了(le)(le)独立的(de)研(yan)(yan)发(fa)中心，研(yan)(yan)发(fa)人员以(yi)来自(zi)韩(han)国(guo)(台湾)超一(yi)流团队，可以(yi)快速(su)根据客户应用领域的(de)个性来设计方(fang)案，同时(shi)引(yin)进多(duo)台国(guo)外先进设备，业务含括功(gong)率器件的(de)直(zhi)流参数(shu)检(jian)(jian)测、雪(xue)崩能(neng)量检(jian)(jian)测、可靠(kao)性实验(yan)、系统分(fen)析(xi)、失效分(fen)析(xi)等领域。强大的(de)研(yan)(yan)发(fa)平(ping)台，使得KIA在工艺制(zhi)造(zao)、产(chan)品(pin)设计方(fang)面拥有知识产(chan)权35项，并掌(zhang)握多(duo)项场效应管核(he)心制(zhi)造(zao)技术。自(zi)主研(yan)(yan)发(fa)已(yi)(yi)经(jing)成为(wei)了(le)(le)企(qi)业的(de)核(he)心竞争力(li)。
强(qiang)大(da)的研发(fa)平台，使得KIA在工艺制(zhi)造(zao)、产品设计方面拥有知识产权35项，并(bing)掌(zhang)握多项场(chang)效应管核心制(zhi)造(zao)技(ji)术。自(zi)主(zhu)研发(fa)已经成为了企业的核心竞争力。
KIA半导体的(de)(de)产品涵盖工(gong)业、新能源(yuan)、交通运输(shu)、绿(lv)色照明(ming)四大领(ling)(ling)域，不(bu)仅包括光(guang)伏(fu)逆变及(ji)无人机(ji)、充电桩(zhuang)、这类新兴能源(yuan)，也涉及(ji)汽(qi)车配件(jian)、LED照明(ming)等家(jia)庭用品。KIA专注于产品的(de)(de)精(jing)细化(hua)与革新，力求为(wei)客户提供最(zui)具行业领(ling)(ling)先、品质上乘的(de)(de)科技产品。
从设计研发到制(zhi)造再(zai)到仓储物流，KIA半导(dao)体真(zhen)(zhen)正(zheng)实现了(le)一体化(hua)的(de)服(fu)务链，真(zhen)(zhen)正(zheng)做到了(le)服(fu)务细节全(quan)到位(wei)的(de)品(pin)牌(pai)内涵，我们致力(li)于成为(wei)场(chang)效应管（MOSFET）功率器件领(ling)域(yu)的(de)领(ling)跑者(zhe)，为(wei)了(le)这个目标，KIA半导(dao)体正(zheng)在持续创新，永不止步！
注：需了解更多(duo)型号及参(can)数参(can)考资(zi)料，请联系我们！
MOS管最常见的(de)应用可能(neng)是电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中的(de)开(kai)关元件，此(ci)外(wai)，它(ta)们对电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)输(shu)出(chu)也大有(you)裨(bi)益(yi)。服务器和通信设备(bei)等应用一(yi)(yi)般都配置(zhi)有(you)多(duo)个并行(xing)电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，以支持(chi)N+1 冗余与持(chi)续工作 (图1)。各(ge)并行(xing)电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)平均分(fen)担(dan)负载，确保系(xi)统(tong)即使在一(yi)(yi)个电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)出(chu)现故(gu)障的(de)情(qing)况(kuang)下仍(reng)然能(neng)够(gou)继续工作。不过，这种(zhong)架构(gou)还需要一(yi)(yi)种(zhong)方(fang)法把并行(xing)电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)输(shu)出(chu)连(lian)接在一(yi)(yi)起，并保证某个电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)故(gu)障不会影响(xiang)到其它(ta)的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。在每个电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)输(shu)出(chu)端，有(you)一(yi)(yi)个功率MOS管可以让众电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)分(fen)担(dan)负载，同时各(ge)电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)又彼(bi)此(ci)隔(ge)离 。起这种(zhong)作用的(de)MOS管被(bei)称为"ORing"FET，因(yin)为它(ta)们本质上是以 "OR" 逻(luo)辑来连(lian)接多(duo)个电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)输(shu)出(chu)。
一、开关电源上的MOS管选择方法
图(tu)1：用于(yu)针对N+1冗余拓(tuo)扑的并(bing)行电源控制的MOS管
在ORing FET应(ying)用中，MOS管(guan)的作(zuo)用是开(kai)关(guan)器(qi)件(jian)，但是由于(yu)(yu)服务器(qi)类(lei)应(ying)用中电源不间断(duan)工作(zuo)，这个(ge)开(kai)关(guan)实际上始终(zhong)处(chu)于(yu)(yu)导通状态(tai)。其开(kai)关(guan)功能(neng)只发挥在启(qi)动和关(guan)断(duan)，以及电源出现故障之时(shi) 。
相比从事以开(kai)关为核心应(ying)(ying)用(yong)的设计(ji)(ji)人员(yuan)，ORing FET应(ying)(ying)用(yong)设计(ji)(ji)人员(yuan)显然必需关注(zhu)MOS管(guan)(guan)的不(bu)同特性。以服务器为例，在(zai)正常工作期间，MOS管(guan)(guan)只相当(dang)于一个(ge)导(dao)(dao)体(ti)。因此，ORing FET应(ying)(ying)用(yong)设计(ji)(ji)人员(yuan)最(zui)关心的是最(zui)小传导(dao)(dao)损耗。
二、低RDS(ON) 可把BOM及PCB尺寸降至最小
一般而言，MOS管制造商采用(yong)(yong)RDS(ON) 参(can)数(shu)(shu)来(lai)定义导通(tong)阻抗;对(dui)ORing FET应用(yong)(yong)来(lai)说，RDS(ON) 也是最重要的器件特(te)性(xing)。数(shu)(shu)据手册定义RDS(ON) 与(yu)栅(zha)极(ji) (或(huo)驱动(dong)) 电压 VGS 以及流(liu)经开关的电流(liu)有关，但(dan)对(dui)于充分(fen)的栅(zha)极(ji)驱动(dong)，RDS(ON) 是一个相(xiang)对(dui)静态参(can)数(shu)(shu)。
若设计人员(yuan)试图(tu)开(kai)发尺寸最小、成本最低(di)的电(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，低(di)导通(tong)阻抗更(geng)是加倍(bei)的重要。在电(dian)(dian)源(yuan)设计中，每个(ge)电(dian)(dian)源(yuan)常(chang)常(chang)需要多个(ge)ORing MOS管(guan)并行(xing)工作(zuo)，需要多个(ge)器件来把电(dian)(dian)流传送(song)给负载。在许多情(qing)况(kuang)下，设计人员(yuan)必须并联(lian)MOS管(guan)，以有效降低(di)RDS(ON)。
需谨记，在 DC 电(dian)(dian)路(lu)中，并(bing)联电(dian)(dian)阻(zu)性负(fu)载的等效(xiao)阻(zu)抗小于(yu)每个(ge)负(fu)载单独的阻(zu)抗值。比如(ru)，两(liang)个(ge)并(bing)联的2Ω 电(dian)(dian)阻(zu)相当于(yu)一个(ge)1Ω的电(dian)(dian)阻(zu) 。因此，一般来说，一个(ge)低RDS(ON) 值的MOS管(guan)，具备大额定电(dian)(dian)流(liu)，就(jiu)可以让设计人员把电(dian)(dian)源中所用MOS管(guan)的数(shu)目减(jian)至最少。
除了RDS(ON)之外，在MOS管的(de)(de)(de)选择过程(cheng)中还有几个MOS管参(can)数也对(dui)电(dian)源(yuan)设计(ji)人员(yuan)非(fei)常重要(yao)。许多情况下，设计(ji)人员(yuan)应该密切(qie)关注数据手册上的(de)(de)(de)安全工作区(qu)(SOA)曲(qu)线(xian)，该曲(qu)线(xian)同时描述了漏(lou)极(ji)电(dian)流和(he)漏(lou)源(yuan)电(dian)压的(de)(de)(de)关系(xi)。基(ji)本上，SOA定义了MOSFET能(neng)够安全工作的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)源(yuan)电(dian)压和(he)电(dian)流。在ORing FET应用中，首要(yao)问题是：在"完全导通(tong)状态"下FET的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)流传送能(neng)力(li)。实际上无需SOA曲(qu)线(xian)也可以获得漏(lou)极(ji)电(dian)流值。
若设计(ji)是实(shi)现热插(cha)拔功能(neng)，SOA曲线也许(xu)更能(neng)发挥(hui)作(zuo)用。在这种情况下(xia)，MOS管需要(yao)部分导通工(gong)作(zuo)。SOA曲线定义了不同脉冲期间的电流和电压限值(zhi)。
注(zhu)意刚刚提到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)额(e)定电(dian)流(liu)，这也(ye)是(shi)值得考虑的(de)(de)(de)(de)热(re)(re)(re)参数(shu)，因为(wei)始终导通的(de)(de)(de)(de)MOS管(guan)很容易发热(re)(re)(re)。另外，日渐升高的(de)(de)(de)(de)结(jie)(jie)温也(ye)会导致RDS(ON)的(de)(de)(de)(de)增加。MOS管(guan)数(shu)据手册规定了(le)热(re)(re)(re)阻(zu)抗(kang)参数(shu)，其(qi)定义为(wei)MOS管(guan)封(feng)装的(de)(de)(de)(de)半(ban)导体结(jie)(jie)散热(re)(re)(re)能力(li)。RθJC的(de)(de)(de)(de)最简单的(de)(de)(de)(de)定义是(shi)结(jie)(jie)到(dao)管(guan)壳的(de)(de)(de)(de)热(re)(re)(re)阻(zu)抗(kang)。细言之，在实(shi)际测量中(zhong)其(qi)代表从器件结(jie)(jie)(对于一(yi)(yi)个垂直MOS管(guan)，即裸片的(de)(de)(de)(de)上表面附近)到(dao)封(feng)装外表面的(de)(de)(de)(de)热(re)(re)(re)阻(zu)抗(kang)，在数(shu)据手册中(zhong)有描述(shu)。若采用PowerQFN封(feng)装，管(guan)壳定义为(wei)这个大(da)漏(lou)极(ji)片的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)心。因此，RθJC 定义了(le)裸片与(yu)封(feng)装系(xi)统的(de)(de)(de)(de)热(re)(re)(re)效应(ying)。RθJA 定义了(le)从裸片表面到(dao)周围环境的(de)(de)(de)(de)热(re)(re)(re)阻(zu)抗(kang)，而且(qie)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)通过一(yi)(yi)个脚注(zhu)来标明与(yu)PCB设计的(de)(de)(de)(de)关系(xi)，包括镀铜(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)层数(shu)和厚度(du)。
三、开关电源中的MOS管
现在(zai)让我们考(kao)虑开(kai)关电(dian)源应(ying)用(yong)(yong)，以及这种应(ying)用(yong)(yong)如何需要从一个不同(tong)(tong)的(de)角度来审(shen)视数(shu)据手册。从定义上(shang)而(er)言，这种应(ying)用(yong)(yong)需要MOS管定期导通(tong)和关断。同(tong)(tong)时，有数(shu)十种拓扑可用(yong)(yong)于(yu)开(kai)关电(dian)源，这里考(kao)虑一个简单的(de)例子(zi)。DC-DC电(dian)源中(zhong)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)基(ji)本降压转换器(qi)依赖两个MOS管来执行开(kai)关功能(neng)(图2)，这些开(kai)关交替在(zai)电(dian)感里存储能(neng)量(liang)，然(ran)后(hou)把能(neng)量(liang)释放(fang)给负载。目前，设计人员常(chang)常(chang)选择数(shu)百(bai)kHz乃至1 MHz以上(shang)的(de)频率，因(yin)为频率越高，磁性元件可以更小更轻(qing)。
四、开关电源上的MOS管选择方法
图2：用(yong)于开关电源应用(yong)的MOS管对。(DC-DC控制器(qi))
显然(ran)，电(dian)源设计相当复杂，而(er)且也没有一(yi)个简(jian)单(dan)的(de)公式可用(yong)于(yu)MOS管的(de)评(ping)(ping)估。但我(wo)们(men)不妨考虑一(yi)些(xie)(xie)关键的(de)参数，以及这些(xie)(xie)参数为(wei)什么至(zhi)关重要。传(chuan)统上，许(xu)多电(dian)源设计人员都(dou)采用(yong)一(yi)个综合品质因数(栅极电(dian)荷QG ×导通阻抗RDS(ON))来(lai)评(ping)(ping)估MOS管或对之进行(xing)等级划分(fen)。
栅极电(dian)荷和(he)导通阻抗之(zhi)所(suo)以重要，是因为二者(zhe)都对(dui)(dui)电(dian)源的(de)效(xiao)率有直接的(de)影响。对(dui)(dui)效(xiao)率有影响的(de)损(sun)耗主要分为两种形式--传导损(sun)耗和(he)开(kai)关(guan)损(sun)耗。
栅(zha)(zha)(zha)极(ji)电荷是产生开关损耗的(de)主要原(yuan)因(yin)。栅(zha)(zha)(zha)极(ji)电荷单位(wei)为纳库仑(nc)，是MOS管栅(zha)(zha)(zha)极(ji)充电放电所需的(de)能(neng)量。栅(zha)(zha)(zha)极(ji)电荷和导通阻抗RDS(ON) 在半导体设计和制造(zao)工艺中(zhong)相互关联，一(yi)般(ban)来说，器(qi)件的(de)栅(zha)(zha)(zha)极(ji)电荷值(zhi)较低，其导通阻抗参数(shu)就稍高。开关电源中(zhong)第二重要的(de)MOS管参数(shu)包括输出电容、阈值(zhi)电压、栅(zha)(zha)(zha)极(ji)阻抗和雪(xue)崩能(neng)量。
某些(xie)特(te)殊(shu)的拓(tuo)扑也会(hui)改变(bian)不同MOS管(guan)参数(shu)的相关(guan)品质，例如，可(ke)以把传(chuan)统的同步降压转换(huan)器(qi)与谐振(zhen)转换(huan)器(qi)做比较。谐振(zhen)转换(huan)器(qi)只(zhi)在VDS (漏(lou)源电压)或ID (漏(lou)极电流(liu))过零时才进行(xing)MOS管(guan)开关(guan)，从而可(ke)把开关(guan)损(sun)耗降至最低。这(zhei)些(xie)技(ji)术(shu)(shu)被成为(wei)软开关(guan)或零电压开关(guan)(ZVS)或零电流(liu)开关(guan)(ZCS)技(ji)术(shu)(shu)。由于开关(guan)损(sun)耗被最小(xiao)化，RDS(ON) 在这(zhei)类拓(tuo)扑中显得更加(jia)重(zhong)要。
低输出电(dian)容(COSS)值对(dui)这两类(lei)转换器都大(da)有(you)好处(chu)。谐(xie)振转换器中的谐(xie)振电(dian)路主要由变(bian)压器的漏电(dian)感与COSS决定。此(ci)外，在两个(ge)MOS管关断的死区时间内，谐(xie)振电(dian)路必须让(rang)COSS完(wan)全放(fang)电(dian)。
低输出电容(rong)(rong)也(ye)有(you)利于传(chuan)统的降压(ya)转(zhuan)换器(qi)(qi)(有(you)时又称为硬(ying)开关(guan)转(zhuan)换器(qi)(qi))，不(bu)过原因不(bu)同(tong)。因为每个硬(ying)开关(guan)周期存储在输出电容(rong)(rong)中(zhong)的能量会丢失，反之(zhi)在谐振转(zhuan)换器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)能量反复循环。因此，低输出电容(rong)(rong)对于同(tong)步降压(ya)调节器(qi)(qi)的低边开关(guan)尤其重要。
五、mos管初选基本步骤
1 、电(dian)(dian)压(ya)应力在电(dian)(dian)源(yuan)电(dian)(dian)路(lu)应用中(zhong)，往往首先考虑漏源(yuan)电(dian)(dian)压(ya)VDS的(de)选择。在此上(shang)的(de)基(ji)本(ben)原(yuan)则为MOSFET实际工作环境(jing)中(zhong)的(de)最(zui)大(da)峰值漏源(yuan)极间的(de)电(dian)(dian)压(ya)不大(da)于(yu)器件规格书(shu)中(zhong)标称漏源(yuan)击穿电(dian)(dian)压(ya)的(de) 90% 。
即(ji)：
VDS_peak ≤ 90% * V(BR)DSS
注：一般地， V(BR)DSS 具有正温度(du)系数。故应取(qu)设备最(zui)低工作温度(du)条(tiao)件下之(zhi) V(BR)DSS 值作为(wei)参考。
2 、漏(lou)极电(dian)流(liu)其次考(kao)虑漏(lou)极电(dian)流(liu)的(de)选择。基(ji)本原(yuan)则(ze)为(wei)MOSFET实际工作环境中(zhong)的(de)最大周期漏(lou)极电(dian)流(liu)不大于规(gui)格(ge)书中(zhong)标称最大漏(lou)源电(dian)流(liu)的(de)90%；漏(lou)极脉冲电(dian)流(liu)峰值不大于规(gui)格(ge)书中(zhong)标称漏(lou)极脉冲电(dian)流(liu)峰值的(de) 90% 。
即：
ID_max ≤ 90% * ID
ID_pulse ≤ 90% * IDP
注：一般地，ID_max及ID_pulse具有负温度系数(shu)，故应取器(qi)件(jian)在(zai)最大(da)结温条件(jian)下之(zhi)ID_max及ID_pulse值作为参(can)考。器(qi)件(jian)此参(can)数(shu)的选(xuan)择是极为不确定(ding)的—主要是受工作环境，散(san)热技术，器(qi)件(jian)其它参(can)数(shu)（如(ru)导通电阻，热阻等）等相互制(zhi)约(yue)影响所(suo)致(zhi)。最终的判定(ding)依据是结点(dian)温度（即如(ru)下第六条之(zhi)“耗散(san)功率约(yue)束(shu)”）。根据经(jing)验，在(zai)实(shi)际应用中规格书目(mu)中之(zhi)ID会比实(shi)际最大(da)工作电流大(da)数(shu)倍，这(zhei)是因为散(san)耗功率及温升之(zhi)限制(zhi)约(yue)束(shu)。在(zai)初选(xuan)计(ji)算时期(qi)还须根据下面第六条的散(san)耗功率约(yue)束(shu)不断调整此参(can)数(shu)。建议(yi)初选(xuan)于 3~5 倍左右(you) ID = (3~5)*ID_max 。
3 、驱(qu)动要(yao)(yao)求MOSFEF的(de)驱(qu)动要(yao)(yao)求由(you)其栅极总充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)（Qg）参数决定(ding)。在满足其它(ta)参数要(yao)(yao)求的(de)情况下，尽(jin)量(liang)(liang)选择(ze)Qg小者(zhe)以便(bian)驱(qu)动电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)设计。驱(qu)动电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压选择(ze)在保证远(yuan)离最大栅源电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压（ VGSS ）前提下使 Ron 尽(jin)量(liang)(liang)小的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压值(zhi)（一般(ban)使用器(qi)件规格(ge)书中的(de)建议值(zhi)）
4 、损(sun)耗(hao)及散热小(xiao)的 Ron 值有利(li)于减小(xiao)导通(tong)期间损(sun)耗(hao)，小(xiao)的 Rth 值可减小(xiao)温度差（同样耗(hao)散功率条(tiao)件下），故有利(li)于散热。
5 、损(sun)耗功率(lv)初算(suan)MOSFET 损(sun)耗计算(suan)主要包含如下 8 个部分(fen)：
即：
PD = Pon + Poff + Poff_on + Pon_off + Pds + Pgs+Pd_f+Pd_recover
详细计算公(gong)式应根据具体(ti)(ti)电路及工作条件(jian)而定。例如在同步整(zheng)流的(de)应用场合(he)，还要考虑体(ti)(ti)内二极管正向(xiang)导通期(qi)间(jian)的(de)损耗和(he)转(zhuan)向(xiang)截止(zhi)时的(de)反向(xiang)恢(hui)复损耗。损耗计算可参(can)考下文的(de)“MOS管损耗的(de)8个组(zu)成部分”部分。
6 、耗(hao)散(san)功(gong)率约束器件(jian)稳(wen)态损耗(hao)功(gong)率 PD,max 应(ying)以器件(jian)最大(da)(da)工作结温(wen)度限制作为考(kao)量依据。如(ru)能(neng)够预先知道器件(jian)工作环境温(wen)度，则可以按(an)如(ru)下方法估算出(chu)最大(da)(da)的耗(hao)散(san)功(gong)率：
即(ji)：
PD,max ≤ （ Tj,max - Tamb ） / Rθj-a
其中Rθj-a是器件(jian)结点(dian)到其工作环境之(zhi)间的总热阻包括Rθjuntion-case,Rθcase-sink,Rθsink-ambiance等。如(ru)其间还(hai)有绝缘材料还(hai)须将其热阻考虑进去。
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