太阳能逆变器

太阳能逆(ni)(ni)变(bian)器主(zhu)要功能是将蓄电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的直(zhi)流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)逆(ni)(ni)变(bian)成(cheng)交(jiao)流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。通过全桥电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，一般采用SPWM处理器经过调制、滤波、升压等，得(de)到与照明负(fu)载频率、额(e)定电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压等相匹配的正弦(xian)交(jiao)流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)(gong)系统(tong)终(zhong)端用户使(shi)用。有了(le)逆(ni)(ni)变(bian)器，就可使(shi)用直(zhi)流(liu)蓄电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)为(wei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器提供(gong)(gong)交(jiao)流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

集中逆(ni)变

集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)逆(ni)(ni)变一(yi)般(ban)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于大(da)型(xing)光伏(fu)(fu)(fu)发电(dian)(dian)(dian)站（>10kW）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系统中(zhong)(zhong)，很多(duo)并行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光伏(fu)(fu)(fu)组(zu)串(chuan)(chuan)被(bei)连到同(tong)一(yi)台集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)逆(ni)(ni)变器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直流输(shu)入(ru)端，一(yi)般(ban)功率(lv)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)三相的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)IGBT功率(lv)模块(kuai)，功率(lv)较小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)场(chang)效(xiao)应晶体管，同(tong)时(shi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)DSP转换控制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)来改(gai)善所(suo)产(chan)出电(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)质量(liang)，使(shi)它非(fei)常接(jie)近于正弦波电(dian)(dian)(dian)流。最(zui)大(da)特(te)点是系统的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功率(lv)高(gao)，成(cheng)本(ben)低。但受光伏(fu)(fu)(fu)组(zu)串(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)匹配和(he)部分(fen)遮影的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影响，导致(zhi)整个光伏(fu)(fu)(fu)系统的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv)和(he)电(dian)(dian)(dian)产(chan)能(neng)。同(tong)时(shi)整个光伏(fu)(fu)(fu)系统的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)发电(dian)(dian)(dian)可靠性受某(mou)一(yi)光伏(fu)(fu)(fu)单元(yuan)组(zu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)状态不良(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影响。最(zui)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究方向是运(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)空间矢(shi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)调制(zhi)(zhi)控制(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)及开发新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)逆(ni)(ni)变器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拓扑连接(jie)，以(yi)获得(de)部分(fen)负载情况下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv)。在SolarMax(索瑞·麦克）集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)逆(ni)(ni)变器(qi)上(shang)，可以(yi)附加一(yi)个光伏(fu)(fu)(fu)阵(zhen)列的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)口箱，对每一(yi)串(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光伏(fu)(fu)(fu)帆板串(chuan)(chuan)进(jin)行(xing)监控，如其中(zhong)(zhong)有一(yi)组(zu)串(chuan)(chuan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)不正常，系统将会把这一(yi)信息传(chuan)到远程控制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)上(shang)，同(tong)时(shi)可以(yi)通(tong)过远程控制(zhi)(zhi)将这一(yi)串(chuan)(chuan)停止工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，从而(er)不会因为一(yi)串(chuan)(chuan)光伏(fu)(fu)(fu)串(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)障(zhang)而(er)降低和(he)影响整个光伏(fu)(fu)(fu)系统的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)和(he)能(neng)量(liang)产(chan)出。

组串逆(ni)变

组(zu)(zu)串逆(ni)(ni)变(bian)(bian)器已成为(wei)现在国际市场上最流(liu)(liu)行的逆(ni)(ni)变(bian)(bian)器。组(zu)(zu)串逆(ni)(ni)变(bian)(bian)器是(shi)基于(yu)模块(kuai)化概念(nian)基础上的，每个(ge)光伏组(zu)(zu)串（1kW-5kW）通(tong)过一个(ge)逆(ni)(ni)变(bian)(bian)器，在直流(liu)(liu)端具有(you)最大(da)功率峰值跟踪，在交流(liu)(liu)端并联并网。许多(duo)大(da)型(xing)光伏电(dian)厂使(shi)用(yong)组(zu)(zu)串逆(ni)(ni)变(bian)(bian)器。优点(dian)是(shi)不受组(zu)(zu)串间模块(kuai)差异和(he)遮影的影响，同时减少了光伏组(zu)(zu)件(jian)最佳工(gong)作点(dian)

与逆变器不匹配的(de)情况(kuang)，从而增加(jia)了(le)发(fa)电(dian)量(liang)。技术(shu)上的(de)这些优势不仅降(jiang)低了(le)系(xi)统(tong)成本，也增加(jia)了(le)系(xi)统(tong)的(de)可靠性(xing)。同时，在组(zu)串间引(yin)入“主-从”的(de)概念，使(shi)得(de)在系(xi)统(tong)在单串电(dian)能不能使(shi)单个(ge)(ge)逆变器工作(zuo)的(de)情况(kuang)下，将几(ji)(ji)组(zu)光(guang)伏(fu)组(zu)串联系(xi)在一(yi)(yi)起，让(rang)其(qi)中(zhong)一(yi)(yi)个(ge)(ge)或几(ji)(ji)个(ge)(ge)工作(zuo)，从而产(chan)出(chu)更多的(de)电(dian)能。最(zui)新的(de)概念为几(ji)(ji)个(ge)(ge)逆变器相互组(zu)成一(yi)(yi)个(ge)(ge)“团(tuan)队”来代替“主-从”的(de)概念，使(shi)得(de)系(xi)统(tong)的(de)可靠性(xing)又进了(le)一(yi)(yi)步。

多(duo)组串逆变

多组(zu)串(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)逆变是取了(le)集中逆变和(he)组(zu)串(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)逆变的(de)(de)优点，避(bi)免了(le)其缺点，可(ke)应用于(yu)几千瓦的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)发电站(zhan)。在多组(zu)串(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)逆变器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中，包含了(le)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)单独的(de)(de)功(gong)率峰值(zhi)(zhi)跟踪和(he)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)到(dao)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)转(zhuan)(zhuan)换(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，这些直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)通过一个(ge)普通的(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)到(dao)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)逆变器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)转(zhuan)(zhuan)换(huan)成交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)电，并网(wang)到(dao)电网(wang)上。光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)组(zu)串(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)额(e)定(ding)值(zhi)(zhi)（如(ru)：不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)额(e)定(ding)功(gong)率、每(mei)组(zu)串(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)组(zu)件数、组(zu)件的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)生产厂(chang)家等等）、不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)尺寸或不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)技术的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)组(zu)件、不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)方向的(de)(de)组(zu)串(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)（如(ru)：东(dong)、南和(he)西）、不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)倾角或遮影，都可(ke)以被连(lian)在一个(ge)共同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)逆变器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)上，同(tong)(tong)(tong)时每(mei)一组(zu)串(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)都工(gong)作在它们各自的(de)(de)最大功(gong)率峰值(zhi)(zhi)上。同(tong)(tong)(tong)时，直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)电缆的(de)(de)长度减(jian)少、将组(zu)串(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)间的(de)(de)遮影影响和(he)由于(yu)组(zu)串(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)间的(de)(de)差异而引(yin)起的(de)(de)损失(shi)减(jian)到(dao)最小。

组件(jian)逆变

组(zu)件(jian)(jian)逆(ni)(ni)(ni)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)将每个光伏组(zu)件(jian)(jian)与(yu)一个逆(ni)(ni)(ni)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)相(xiang)连，同时(shi)每个组(zu)件(jian)(jian)有(you)一个单独的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大功率峰值跟踪，这(zhei)样组(zu)件(jian)(jian)与(yu)逆(ni)(ni)(ni)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)配合更好。通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)常用(yong)于50W到400W的(de)(de)(de)光伏发(fa)电(dian)(dian)站，总效率低于组(zu)串逆(ni)(ni)(ni)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)。由于是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)交流(liu)处并联，这(zhei)就(jiu)增加了交流(liu)侧的(de)(de)(de)连线(xian)的(de)(de)(de)复(fu)杂(za)性(xing)，维护困难。另一需(xu)要解决的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)怎(zen)样更有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)与(yu)电(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)并网(wang)(wang)，简单的(de)(de)(de)办法是(shi)(shi)(shi)直接通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)过普通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)交流(liu)电(dian)(dian)插座进行并网(wang)(wang)，这(zhei)样就(jiu)可以减少(shao)成本和设备的(de)(de)(de)安(an)装(zhuang)，但往(wang)往(wang)各地的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)标准也许(xu)不允(yun)许(xu)这(zhei)样做(zuo)，电(dian)(dian)力公司(si)有(you)可能反(fan)对发(fa)电(dian)(dian)装(zhuang)置直接和普通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)家庭用(yong)户的(de)(de)(de)普通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)插座相(xiang)连。另一和安(an)全(quan)(quan)有(you)关的(de)(de)(de)因(yin)素是(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)需(xu)要使用(yong)隔离(li)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)压器(qi)（高频或(huo)低频），或(huo)者允(yun)许(xu)使用(yong)无变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)压器(qi)式的(de)(de)(de)逆(ni)(ni)(ni)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)。这(zhei)一逆(ni)(ni)(ni)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)在(zai)玻璃幕墙中使用(yong)最(zui)为广泛。

太阳(yang)能逆变器的效率

太(tai)(tai)(tai)阳(yang)能(neng)逆(ni)变器(qi)的(de)(de)效率(lv)指由于对可再(zai)生能(neng)源的(de)(de)需求(qiu)，太(tai)(tai)(tai)阳(yang)能(neng)逆(ni)变器(qi) (光(guang)电(dian)(dian)逆(ni)变器(qi)) 的(de)(de)市(shi)场(chang)正在(zai)不断增长。而这些逆(ni)变器(qi)需要极(ji)高的(de)(de)效率(lv)和可靠性。对这些逆(ni)变器(qi)中采用的(de)(de)功率(lv)电(dian)(dian)路进行了(le)考察，并推荐(jian)了(le)针对开关和整(zheng)流器(qi)件的(de)(de)最佳选(xuan)择。光(guang)电(dian)(dian)逆(ni)变器(qi)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)般结构如图1所示，有(you)三(san)种不同(tong)的(de)(de)逆(ni)变器(qi)可供选(xuan)择。太(tai)(tai)(tai)阳(yang)光(guang)照射在(zai)通过串联(lian)方式连接(jie)的(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)(tai)阳(yang)能(neng)模(mo)块(kuai)(kuai)上，每一(yi)(yi)个模(mo)块(kuai)(kuai)都包(bao)含了(le)一(yi)(yi)组串联(lian)的(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)(tai)阳(yang)能(neng)电(dian)(dian)池(Solar Cell)单元。太(tai)(tai)(tai)阳(yang)能(neng)模(mo)块(kuai)(kuai)产生的(de)(de)直(zhi)流 (DC) 电(dian)(dian)压在(zai)几百伏的(de)(de)数量级，具体(ti)数值(zhi)根据模(mo)块(kuai)(kuai)阵列(lie)的(de)(de)光(guang)照条件、电(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)温度及(ji)串联(lian)模(mo)块(kuai)(kuai)的(de)(de)数量而定。

这类逆变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)首要(yao)功(gong)能(neng)是(shi)把(ba)输(shu)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) DC电(dian)压(ya)转(zhuan)换(huan)(huan)(huan)为一稳定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)值。该(gai)功(gong)能(neng)通(tong)过升(sheng)压(ya)转(zhuan)换(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)来(lai)实(shi)现，并需(xu)要(yao)升(sheng)压(ya)开(kai)关和(he)升(sheng)压(ya)二(er)极管。在(zai)(zai)(zai)第(di)一种(zhong)结构(gou)中(zhong)(zhong)，升(sheng)压(ya)级(ji)之后(hou)是(shi)一个隔(ge)离(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)桥(qiao)(qiao)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)换(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。全(quan)桥(qiao)(qiao)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)压(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)是(shi)提(ti)供(gong)隔(ge)离(li)(li)。输(shu)出上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)二(er)个全(quan)桥(qiao)(qiao)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)换(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)用(yong)(yong)来(lai)从(cong)第(di)一级(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)桥(qiao)(qiao)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)换(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)流DC变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)换(huan)(huan)(huan)成交(jiao)流 (AC) 电(dian)压(ya)。其输(shu)出再经由(you)额外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)双触(chu)点继电(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)开(kai)关连接到(dao)AC电(dian)网(wang)网(wang)络之前被(bei)滤波，目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)故障(zhang)事(shi)件中(zhong)(zhong)提(ti)供(gong)安全(quan)隔(ge)离(li)(li)及在(zai)(zai)(zai)夜间与(yu)供(gong)电(dian)电(dian)网(wang)隔(ge)离(li)(li)。第(di)二(er)种(zhong)结构(gou)是(shi)非(fei)隔(ge)离(li)(li)方(fang)案。其中(zhong)(zhong)，AC交(jiao)流电(dian)压(ya)由(you)升(sheng)压(ya)级(ji)输(shu)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)DC电(dian)压(ya)直(zhi)接产(chan)生(sheng)。第(di)三种(zhong)结构(gou)利(li)用(yong)(yong)功(gong)率(lv)开(kai)关和(he)功(gong)率(lv)二(er)极管的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)创新型拓扑(pu)结构(gou)，把(ba)升(sheng)压(ya)和(he)AC交(jiao)流产(chan)生(sheng)部(bu)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)整(zheng)合在(zai)(zai)(zai)一个专(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)拓扑(pu)中(zhong)(zhong)尽(jin)管太阳(yang)(yang)能(neng)电(dian)池板的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)转(zhuan)换(huan)(huan)(huan)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)非(fei)常(chang)低，让逆变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)尽(jin)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)接近100% 却非(fei)常(chang)重(zhong)要(yao)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)德国，安装在(zai)(zai)(zai)朝南屋(wu)顶(ding)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3kW串联(lian)模块(kuai)预计(ji)每年可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)发电(dian)2550 kWh。若逆变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)从(cong)95% 增加(jia)到(dao) 96%，每年便可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)多发电(dian)25kWh。而利(li)用(yong)(yong)额外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)太阳(yang)(yang)能(neng)模块(kuai)产(chan)生(sheng)这25kWh的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)费(fei)用(yong)(yong)与(yu)增加(jia)一个逆变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)相当。由(you)于效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)从(cong)95% 提(ti)高(gao)到(dao) 96% 不会(hui)使到(dao)逆变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成本(ben)加(jia)倍，故对更高(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)逆变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)进行(xing)投资(zi)是(shi)必然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)选择。对新兴(xing)设计(ji)而言(yan)，以(yi)最(zui)具成本(ben)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)益地提(ti)高(gao)逆变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)是(shi)关键的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)设计(ji)准则(ze)(ze)。至(zhi)于逆变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)和(he)成本(ben)则(ze)(ze)是(shi)另外两个设计(ji)准则(ze)(ze)。更高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)降(jiang)低负载周期上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)温度波动，从(cong)而提(ti)高(gao)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)，因(yin)此(ci)，这些(xie)准则(ze)(ze)实(shi)际上是(shi)相关联(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。模块(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)也会(hui)提(ti)高(gao)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)。

功能作用

逆变器不只(zhi)具有直交流(liu)变换(huan)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)用(yong)，还具有最(zui)大限制地发(fa)扬太阳电(dian)池(chi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能的功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)用(yong)和系(xi)统(tong)毛病维护功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)用(yong)。归结(jie)起来有主(zhu)动运(yun)转和停机功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)用(yong)、最(zui)大功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率跟踪节制功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)用(yong)、防独自运(yun)转功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)用(yong)（并网(wang)系(xi)统(tong)用(yong)）、主(zhu)动电(dian)压调整(zheng)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)用(yong)（并网(wang)系(xi)统(tong)用(yong)）、直流(liu)检(jian)测功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)用(yong)（并网(wang)系(xi)统(tong)用(yong)）、直流(liu)接地检(jian)测功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)用(yong)（并网(wang)系(xi)统(tong)用(yong)）。这(zhei)里简略引见主(zhu)动运(yun)转和停机功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)用(yong)及最(zui)大功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率跟踪节制功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)用(yong)。

1、主动运转和停机(ji)功用

早晨(chen)日出后(hou)，太(tai)阳辐(fu)射强(qiang)度逐步加强(qiang)，太(tai)阳电(dian)池(chi)的(de)输(shu)(shu)出也随之增大，当到(dao)达(da)逆(ni)变(bian)(bian)器(qi)任务(wu)所(suo)需的(de)输(shu)(shu)出功率(lv)后(hou)，逆(ni)变(bian)(bian)器(qi)即(ji)主动开端运转。进入运转后(hou)，逆(ni)变(bian)(bian)器(qi)便每(mei)时每(mei)刻看管太(tai)阳电(dian)池(chi)组(zu)件的(de)输(shu)(shu)出，只(zhi)需太(tai)阳电(dian)池(chi)组(zu)件的(de)输(shu)(shu)出功率(lv)大于(yu)逆(ni)变(bian)(bian)器(qi)任务(wu)所(suo)需的(de)输(shu)(shu)出功率(lv)，逆(ni)变(bian)(bian)器(qi)就继续运转；直到(dao)日落停机(ji)，即(ji)便阴雨天(tian)逆(ni)变(bian)(bian)器(qi)也能运转。当太(tai)阳电(dian)池(chi)组(zu)件输(shu)(shu)出变(bian)(bian)小，逆(ni)变(bian)(bian)器(qi)输(shu)(shu)出接近0时，逆(ni)变(bian)(bian)器(qi)便构成待机(ji)形态。

2、最大(da)功率跟踪节制(zhi)功用(yong)

太(tai)(tai)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)组件(jian)的(de)(de)输出是(shi)随太(tai)(tai)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)辐射强度和(he)太(tai)(tai)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)组件(jian)本身温度（芯片温度）而转变(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)。别(bie)的(de)(de)因(yin)为太(tai)(tai)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)组件(jian)具有电(dian)(dian)(dian)压随电(dian)(dian)(dian)流增大(da)而下降的(de)(de)特征，因(yin)而存(cun)在能获取(qu)(qu)最(zui)大(da)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)最(zui)佳任(ren)务(wu)点(dian)(dian)。太(tai)(tai)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)辐射强度是(shi)转变(bian)(bian)着的(de)(de)，明(ming)显最(zui)佳任(ren)务(wu)点(dian)(dian)也是(shi)在转变(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)。相关于(yu)这些转变(bian)(bian)，一直(zhi)让太(tai)(tai)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)组件(jian)的(de)(de)任(ren)务(wu)点(dian)(dian)处于(yu)最(zui)大(da)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)点(dian)(dian)，系(xi)统(tong)一直(zhi)从太(tai)(tai)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)组件(jian)获取(qu)(qu)最(zui)大(da)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)输出，这种(zhong)节(jie)制就是(shi)最(zui)大(da)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)跟踪节(jie)制。太(tai)(tai)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)能发电(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)统(tong)用的(de)(de)逆变(bian)(bian)器的(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)特点(dian)(dian)就是(shi)包罗了最(zui)大(da)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)点(dian)(dian)跟踪（MPPT）这一功(gong)用。

太阳能(neng)逆变器匹配(pei)型(xing)号(hao)表

电(dian)动车控制器(qi)mos管

逆变器场(chang)效应(ying)管

控制器mos管

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