利盈娱乐(中国)创新平台有限公司

陶瓷变压(ya)(ya)器是(shi)(shi)基于电(dian)(dian)(dian)-机(ji)-电(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)工作机(ji)理，不(bu)存在绕组和磁芯，可以做的(de)很薄(bo)(bo)，使电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)轻、小(xiao)、薄(bo)(bo)成为可能。较为典型的(de)应用(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)升压(ya)(ya)型压(ya)(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)陶瓷变压(ya)(ya)器在冷阴极荧光灯(CCFL)驱动电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)应用(yong)(yong)。根据压(ya)(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)陶瓷变压(ya)(ya)器等效电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)分析，压(ya)(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)变压(ya)(ya)器电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)设计需要(yao)把压(ya)(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)陶瓷变压(ya)(ya)器作为影响电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)是(shi)(shi)否正常工作的(de)一个重要(yao)因素(su)，即在电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)结构选择(ze)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)参数确定，控制方式(shi)等方面，都需要(yao)考虑(lv)压(ya)(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)陶瓷变压(ya)(ya)器的(de)作用(yong)(yong)。

(1)安全性(xing)好，可靠性(xing)高。而降压(ya)型压(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)变(bian)压(ya)器主(zhu)要应(ying)(ying)用(yong)有计算机(ji)、手机(ji)、摄像机(ji)等(deng)便(bian)携(xie)式(shi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子设(she)备的AC-DC适配器及各种DC-DC模(mo)块电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源、各种超(chao)小型模(mo)块电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源、手提充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器等(deng)。从(cong)目(mu)前发(fa)(fa)展现(xian)状看(kan)，升压(ya)型压(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)变(bian)压(ya)器超(chao)前于降压(ya)型压(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)变(bian)压(ya)器，实在(zai)(zai)用(yong)程度较(jiao)为广泛。在(zai)(zai)实际应(ying)(ying)用(yong)过程中，压(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)变(bian)压(ya)器的温(wen)度会(hui)发(fa)(fa)生变(bian)化(hua)，且所带的负(fu)载也随时在(zai)(zai)变(bian)化(hua)，这两个因(yin)素(su)会(hui)引起压(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)变(bian)压(ya)器的谐振频率发(fa)(fa)生变(bian)化(hua)。

跟着电子技术(shu)的(de)(de)(de)发(fa)展，各种(zhong)便携式电(dian)(dian)子设备小(xiao)型化(hua)、轻(qing)型化(hua)要求开关电(dian)(dian)源需知足轻(qing)、小(xiao)、薄等要求。与基于其电(dian)(dian)-磁-电(dian)(dian)能量转(zhuan)换(huan)机理的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)磁变压(ya)器(qi)比(bi)拟，拥有很多上风，如(ru)没(mei)有绕组线圈，不会受到(dao)电(dian)(dian)磁干扰和产生(sheng)电(dian)(dian)磁干扰，压(ya)电(dian)(dian)陶瓷变压(ya)器(qi)制造可以完(wan)全实现自动化(hua)，本(ben)钱低(di)，绝缘等级高，且轻(qing)易获(huo)得高的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)压(ya)传输(shu)比(bi)，非常适合小(xiao)功率高压(ya)输(shu)出(chu)场合。

“逆压电(dian)(dian)效应”相称于一台电(dian)(dian)念头，将电(dian)(dian)能(neng)转换为机(ji)械(xie)能(neng)；“正压电(dian)(dian)效应”相称于一台发电(dian)(dian)机(ji)，将机(ji)械(xie)能(neng)转换为电(dian)(dian)能(neng)。

(2)能量传输是以(yi)高(gao)频振动的(de)压(ya)电方式实现的(de)，不(bu)会产生电磁(ci)干扰(EMI)，也不(bu)会受到外界的(de)电磁(ci)干扰。推挽(wan)逆变电路需要(yao)大电感来完成充电和(he)放(fang)电，对采用压(ya)陶(tao)瓷变压(ya)器使小型化(hua)电源的(de)上风不(bu)再存在。

目前有一种LLC谐振半桥逆变电路，，具有实现原边两个主MOS开关管的零电压开通(ZVS)和副边整流二极管的(de)零电(dian)流关断(ZCS)功能，且进入压电(dian)陶瓷(ci)变压器的(de)激励信(xin)(xin)号为正弦信(xin)(xin)号。正压电(dian)效应”实现。

全桥逆变电路使用开关元件多，而对于压电陶瓷变压器半桥逆变电路，其主电路结构有几种方式需要借助压电陶瓷变压器才能完成零电压开关驱动电源；每个开关(guan)周(zhou)期，谐(xie)(xie)振(zhen)(zhen)能量会在谐(xie)(xie)振(zhen)(zhen)环中(zhong)(zhong)活(huo)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，终极回送到输(shu)(shu)入(ru)当中(zhong)(zhong)去(qu)。在输(shu)(shu)入(ru)端施(shi)加交变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)电(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)时(shi)，假如(ru)交变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)电(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)频(pin)率(lv)与压(ya)(ya)(ya)电(dian)陶瓷(ci)(ci)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)谐(xie)(xie)振(zhen)(zhen)频(pin)率(lv)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同或接近，则(ze)压(ya)(ya)(ya)电(dian)陶瓷(ci)(ci)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)内(nei)部形成(cheng)驻(zhu)波(bo)，产生大幅度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)应(ying)(ying)力(li)和位移分布,在压(ya)(ya)(ya)电(dian)陶瓷(ci)(ci)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)输(shu)(shu)出部门泛(fan)起最(zui)大的(de)(de)(de)应(ying)(ying)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)，该(gai)应(ying)(ying)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)则(ze)经过(guo)“正压(ya)(ya)(ya)电(dian)效(xiao)应(ying)(ying)”转换为(wei)(wei)交变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)电(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)输(shu)(shu)出。为(wei)(wei)了(le)研(yan)究压(ya)(ya)(ya)电(dian)陶瓷(ci)(ci)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)最(zui)优工(gong)作时(shi)需(xu)要的(de)(de)(de)激励(li)(li)信号特性(xing)和与之相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)匹配的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)路，用(yong)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)应(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)学元件(jian)等效(xiao)其机械参数，其中(zhong)(zhong)Cdl为(wei)(wei)压(ya)(ya)(ya)电(dian)陶瓷(ci)(ci)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)输(shu)(shu)入(ru)真个静(jing)电(dian)容(rong)，Cd2为(wei)(wei)压(ya)(ya)(ya)电(dian)陶瓷(ci)(ci)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)输(shu)(shu)出真个静(jing)电(dian)容(rong)，R、L、C分别为(wei)(wei)压(ya)(ya)(ya)电(dian)陶瓷(ci)(ci)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)态(tai)(tai)电(dian)阻、动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)态(tai)(tai)电(dian)感和动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)态(tai)(tai)电(dian)容(rong)。因(yin)此(ci)从(cong)电(dian)能利用(yong)率(lv)最(zui)大化角度(du)(du)考(kao)虑，施(shi)加在压(ya)(ya)(ya)电(dian)陶瓷(ci)(ci)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)激励(li)(li)信号需(xu)要正弦信号。因(yin)此(ci)需(xu)要一个输(shu)(shu)入(ru)匹配电(dian)路来减小流(liu)(liu)入(ru)压(ya)(ya)(ya)电(dian)陶瓷(ci)(ci)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)流(liu)(liu)，或者(zhe)说来补偿容(rong)性(xing)阻抗。从(cong)能量转换的(de)(de)(de)角度(du)(du)来看。压(ya)(ya)(ya)电(dian)陶瓷(ci)(ci)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)频(pin)率(lv)特性(xing)，f0为(wei)(wei)压(ya)(ya)(ya)电(dian)陶瓷(ci)(ci)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)谐(xie)(xie)振(zhen)(zhen)频(pin)率(lv)。

(3)压(ya)(ya)(ya)电陶瓷变(bian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)器输出功(gong)率较(jiao)小，目前成熟产品(pin)功(gong)率在(zai)10 W以内，但已研究出20 W的(de)降压(ya)(ya)(ya)型(xing)多(duo)层片(pian)式压(ya)(ya)(ya)电陶瓷变(bian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)器。

纵向振动(dong)模式压(ya)电(dian)变压(ya)器结构图，上(shang)下两面涂(tu)覆(fu)银电(dian)极(ji)，沿(yan)厚度(du)方(fang)向极(ji)化，称为驱动(dong)部门(men)；银电(dian)极(ji)涂(tu)在(zai)右(you)端，沿(yan)长(zhang)度(du)方(fang)向极(ji)化的(de)(de)右(you)半部门(men)称为发(fa)电(dian)部门(men)。输入(ru)匹(pi)配(pei)电(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)设计主要由压(ya)电(dian)陶瓷变压(ya)器的(de)(de)输入(ru)阻抗和开关变换电(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)输出阻抗决定。

压电陶瓷变压器(qi)有纵向振(zhen)动(dong)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(Rosen型(xing))、厚度振(zhen)动(dong)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)、径向振(zhen)动(dong)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)和弯曲振(zhen)动(dong)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)等几(ji)种类型(xing)。

(4)压(ya)电陶瓷变(bian)压(ya)器的工作机能要受其安装工艺影(ying)响。

(5)功率(lv)转换效率(lv)一般可(ke)达95％，最高可(ke)达98％。

电磁式变压器是低级绕组和次级绕组通过电磁耦合来传递能量，而压电陶瓷变压器是借助压电陶瓷材料的“逆压电效应”和。因此需要施加在压电陶瓷变压器的激励信号频率与变压器谐振频率保持一致。这些送回去的能量越多，半导体开(kai)关(guan)器(qi)件承受的(de)应力(li)就越大，在(zai)电(dian)路中(zhong)损失的(de)能(neng)量(liang)也越多(duo)；串联电(dian)感，与变(bian)压(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)静态电(dian)容一起(qi)，可以保证压(ya)(ya)电(dian)变(bian)压(ya)(ya)器(qi)工作(zuo)在(zai)较好的(de)状态，但在(zai)设(she)计上存在(zai)一定限(xian)制。若方波信号基波频率(lv)(lv)为压(ya)(ya)电(dian)陶(tao)瓷变(bian)压(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)谐振频率(lv)(lv)，那(nei)么方波中(zhong)的(de)高次谐波作(zuo)用(yong)时(shi)，压(ya)(ya)电(dian)陶(tao)瓷变(bian)压(ya)(ya)器(qi)处于非谐振状态，对压(ya)(ya)电(dian)变(bian)化的(de)有效性没(mei)有积极作(zuo)用(yong)，即这部门电(dian)能(neng)并没(mei)加强延(yan)长(zhang)度方向(xiang)的(de)振幅。

根(gen)据(ju)压(ya)(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)变(bian)(bian)压(ya)(ya)器的(de)等效电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，当压(ya)(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)变(bian)(bian)压(ya)(ya)器处于谐(xie)振(zhen)状态时，从(cong)输入端看进(jin)去，相称于一个容性(xing)负载(zai)。它采用不(bu)(bu)燃烧的(de)压(ya)(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)制(zhi)成，没(mei)有磁(ci)芯和(he)绕(rao)组，不(bu)(bu)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)磁(ci)饱(bao)和(he)题目，不(bu)(bu)会(hui)因(yin)(yin)(yin)负载(zai)短路(lu)而烧毁。因(yin)(yin)(yin)此在(zai)(zai)(zai)设计电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)参数(shu)时，基本没(mei)把电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)变(bian)(bian)压(ya)(ya)器参数(shu)考(kao)虑(lv)进(jin)去，只是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)确定后才考(kao)虑(lv)变(bian)(bian)压(ya)(ya)器设计。而在(zai)(zai)(zai)开关电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源中，传(chuan)统电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)式变(bian)(bian)压(ya)(ya)器和(he)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)的(de)体积(ji)和(he)重量(liang)是(shi)整个电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)部(bu)门。通过前面分(fen)析可知，压(ya)(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)变(bian)(bian)压(ya)(ya)器需(xu)要(yao)施加正弦(xian)激励信(xin)号。假如电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)输出固定频率的(de)激励信(xin)号，不(bu)(bu)能(neng)跟踪压(ya)(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)变(bian)(bian)压(ya)(ya)器的(de)谐(xie)振(zhen)频率，那么压(ya)(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)变(bian)(bian)压(ya)(ya)器谐(xie)振(zhen)频率变(bian)(bian)化时，其转换效率因(yin)(yin)(yin)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)工作(zuo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)谐(xie)振(zhen)状态下(xia)大大降低(di)，甚至不(bu)(bu)工作(zuo)。

(6)MOS开关电源采用压(ya)(ya)(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)陶(tao)瓷变压(ya)(ya)(ya)器，其(qi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路必(bi)需与陶(tao)瓷变压(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)参数相(xiang)配合才能(neng)(neng)有效工(gong)作(zuo)，因(yin)此可(ke)调性差，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路设计也较(jiao)复杂。冷阴极荧光灯(CCFL)驱动(dong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)特点通常是输入电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)，输出电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)很(hen)高，达到1kV，但是输出功(gong)率比(bi)较(jiao)小(xiao)，为了得到较(jiao)高的(de)输出电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)，传(chuan)统的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁变压(ya)(ya)(ya)器需要匝数数目较(jiao)大，且(qie)绕(rao)组线径非常小(xiao)，给制造带来一定难度，且(qie)存在(zai)安全(quan)隐(yin)患，而用压(ya)(ya)(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)陶(tao)瓷变压(ya)(ya)(ya)器很(hen)轻(qing)易实现。电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)-机(ji)械能(neng)(neng)-电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)”的(de)转换，完(wan)成(cheng)能(neng)(neng)量传(chuan)递的(de)目的(de)。

 在实(shi)际的应用中，假如电压调(diao)节范围比较大，固然(ran)可通过PFM调(diao)节方法实(shi)现，但这种方法不仅(jin)调(diao)节范围窄，而且影响(xiang)压电冉瓷(ci)变压器的最佳(jia)工作状态。

主电路(lu)设计

在(zai)选(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)传统电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁变压(ya)器的(de)开关(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)设计中，通(tong)常是根据其传输(shu)的(de)功率(lv)、电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)输(shu)入特(te)点、输(shu)出特(te)点，是否要求输(shu)入输(shu)出隔离(li)等(deng)(deng)要求来选(xuan)(xuan)择工作(zuo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)拓(tuo)扑结构(gou)，再根据选(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)结构(gou)，输(shu)出功率(lv)等(deng)(deng)要求设计电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁变压(ya)器，确定磁芯、绕组组数、线圈线径和(he)匝(za)数等(deng)(deng)各项参(can)数。在(zai)这个能量传递过程中，首先是施加(jia)在(zai)压(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)陶瓷变压(ya)器的(de)交(jiao)流电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能在(zai)“逆压(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效应”的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)(xia)转(zhuan)换成压(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)陶瓷材料的(de)振念头(tou)械能，然后又在(zai)“正压(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效应”作(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)(xia)立(li)刻将(jiang)这种机械能转(zhuan)换为(wei)交(jiao)流电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能输(shu)出。

因(yin)此在要求调节范围(wei)大的应用场合可通过PWM与PFM共同完成。

压电陶瓷变(bian)压器的特点

把压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)电(dian)变(bian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器等效成一(yi)个线(xian)性网络，施加(jia)方波(bo)信号在压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)电(dian)陶瓷(ci)变(bian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器上，在压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)电(dian)陶瓷(ci)变(bian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器上的响应为方波(bo)信号的各(ge)次(ci)谐波(bo)的响应叠(die)加(jia)。目(mu)前频率跟(gen)踪方式如(ru)表(biao)1所示。

基于压(ya)(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)陶瓷(ci)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)压(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)开(kai)关(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的主电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路结(jie)(jie)构(gou)与传统电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁开(kai)关(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的主电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路结(jie)(jie)构(gou)一样，仍旧(jiu)有(you)回(hui)扫(sao)逆(ni)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路、推挽(wan)逆(ni)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路、全桥(qiao)(qiao)逆(ni)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，半桥(qiao)(qiao)逆(ni)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路几种拓扑结(jie)(jie)构(gou)。如(ru)图4所示(shi)，回(hui)扫(sao)逆(ni)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路仍需要电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)压(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)来实现正弦信号天生(sheng)。升压(ya)(ya)型(xing)压(ya)(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)陶瓷(ci)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)压(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主要应用(yong)(yong)还有(you)液晶显示(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(LCD)背光照明(ming)、电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子警棍(gun)、负离子发(fa)生(sheng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、臭(chou)氧发(fa)生(sheng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、静电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)喷漆、静电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)尘(chen)、静电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)复印机、扫(sao)描电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子显微(wei)镜(jing)等(deng)高压(ya)(ya)发(fa)生(sheng)装置(zhi)中。其中升压(ya)(ya)型(xing)压(ya)(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)压(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以纵向振(zhen)(zhen)动模式(Rosen型(xing))为代表(biao)，是目(mu)前应用(yong)(yong)最广的压(ya)(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)压(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，而降(jiang)压(ya)(ya)输出场合常用(yong)(yong)的是厚度振(zhen)(zhen)动模式压(ya)(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)陶瓷(ci)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)压(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。因此要求主电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的输出频率(lv)能跟踪压(ya)(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)陶瓷(ci)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)压(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的谐振(zhen)(zhen)频率(lv)。

(8)不产生(sheng)反峰电(dian)压，输出尺度正弦波电(dian)压。

(9)能(neng)实(shi)现体积小、重量轻、超薄(bo)(bo)型(xing)，最相(xiang)宜片式化(hua)。尽管目前泛起了平面电磁变(bian)压器(qi)，或(huo)能(neng)够集(ji)成(cheng)PCB板(ban)上的小型(xing)变(bian)压器(qi)，在(zai)一定程度(du)上能(neng)实(shi)现减小高度(du)和尺寸的目的，但仍旧难以知足轻、小、薄(bo)(bo)的要求(qiu)。

整个压电陶瓷变(bian)压器(qi)分为(wei)两部(bu)(bu)门，左半(ban)部(bu)(bu)门为(wei)输入端(duan)，其上(shang)下(xia)面(mian)有烧(shao)渗的(de)(de)阴(yin)极，沿厚度方向极化；右(you)半(ban)部(bu)(bu)门为(wei)输出端(duan)，沿长度方向极化，右(you)墙面(mian)有烧(shao)渗的(de)(de)阴(yin)极。

压(ya)(ya)(ya)电(dian)陶瓷变压(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)是一个谐振(zhen)体，表示当(dang)激励信(xin)号的频(pin)率(lv)(lv)与变压(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的谐振(zhen)频(pin)率(lv)(lv)一致时(shi)，压(ya)(ya)(ya)电(dian)变压(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)处于谐振(zhen)状态，从图l可知(zhi)，此时(shi)延长度(du)方(fang)向振(zhen)幅最(zui)(zui)大，压(ya)(ya)(ya)电(dian)变化才最(zui)(zui)有效。