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三端稳压(ya)管-简(jian)介

三端稳压(ya)(ya)管是一(yi)种直到临界反(fan)(fan)向击穿(chuan)电(dian)压(ya)(ya)前都(dou)具有很高电(dian)阻的半导(dao)体器件。稳压(ya)(ya)管在(zai)反(fan)(fan)向击穿(chuan)时，在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)的电(dian)流范(fan)围(wei)内（或(huo)者说(shuo)在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)功(gong)率损耗范(fan)围(wei)内），端电(dian)压(ya)(ya)简直不(bu)变，表现出(chu)稳压(ya)(ya)特性(xing)，因(yin)此(ci)普遍(bian)应用于稳压(ya)(ya)电(dian)源与限幅(fu)电(dian)路(lu)之中。

三端稳压管 -分类

三(san)端稳压(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)，主要有两种(zhong)，一(yi)种(zhong)输(shu)(shu)出电(dian)压(ya)(ya)是固(gu)定的，称为固(gu)定输(shu)(shu)出三(san)端稳压(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)，另一(yi)种(zhong)输(shu)(shu)出电(dian)压(ya)(ya)是可(ke)调的，称为可(ke)调输(shu)(shu)出三(san)端稳压(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)，其根本原理相同，均采(cai)用串联型稳压(ya)(ya)电(dian)路(lu)。

三端稳压管(guan) -原理(li)

由于(yu)(yu)固(gu)定(ding)三端稳(wen)压(ya)器属于(yu)(yu)串(chuan)联(lian)(lian)型(xing)稳(wen)压(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，因而(er)它的(de)原(yuan)理(li)同(tong)等(deng)于(yu)(yu)串(chuan)联(lian)(lian)型(xing)稳(wen)压(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。其中R1、Rp、R2组成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)分压(ya)器是取(qu)(qu)样电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，从输出端取(qu)(qu)出局(ju)部电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)UB2作为取(qu)(qu)样电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)加至三极(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)T2的(de)基(ji)极(ji)(ji)(ji)。稳(wen)压(ya)管(guan)(guan)Dz以其稳(wen)定(ding)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)Uz作为基(ji)准电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)，加在T2的(de)发射极(ji)(ji)(ji)上。R3是稳(wen)压(ya)管(guan)(guan)的(de)限(xian)流电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻。三极(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)T2组成(cheng)(cheng)比(bi)拟(ni)放(fang)大电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，它将(jiang)取(qu)(qu)样电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)UB2与基(ji)准电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)Uz加以比(bi)拟(ni)和放(fang)大，再去(qu)控制三极(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)T1的(de)基(ji)极(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)。

输入电压Ui加在三极管T1与负载RL相串联的电路上，因而，改动T1集电极间的电压降UCE1便可调理RL两端的电压Uo。也就是说，稳压电路的输出电压Uo能够经过三极管T1加以调理，所以T1称为调整管。由于调整元件是晶体管管，而且在电路中与负载相串联，故称为晶体管串联型稳压电路。电阻R4和T1的基极偏置电阻，也是T2的集电极负载电阻。

三端稳(wen)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)当(dang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降低或负(fu)(fu)载(zai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻减(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)而使(shi)输(shu)出(chu)端电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)有所降落(luo)时，其取样电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)UB2相(xiang)应减(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，T2基极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位降落(luo)。但因T2发(fa)射极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位既稳(wen)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)稳(wen)定(ding)Uz坚持(chi)不变，所以(yi)发(fa)射极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)UBE2减(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，招致(zhi)T2集电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)减(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)而集电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位Uc2升(sheng)高。由(you)于放(fang)大管(guan)(guan)(guan)T2的(de)集电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)与调(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)T1的(de)基极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)接(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)一同(tong)，故T1基极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位升(sheng)高，招致(zhi)集电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)增大而管(guan)(guan)(guan)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降UCE1减(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)。由(you)于T1与RL串联，所以(yi)，输(shu)出(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)Uo根本(ben)不变。同(tong)理,当(dang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)或负(fu)(fu)载(zai)发(fa)作变化(hua)惹起输(shu)出(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)Uo增大时，经过(guo)取样、比拟(ni)放(fang)大、调(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)等过(guo)程(cheng)，将使(shi)调(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)调(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降UCE1增加(jia)，结果(guo)抑止了输(shu)出(chu)端电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)增大，输(shu)出(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)仍(reng)根本(ben)坚持(chi)不变。调(diao)理电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器Rp，可对输(shu)出(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)停止微(wei)调(diao)。调(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)T1与负(fu)(fu)载(zai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻RL组成(cheng)的(de)是射极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)输(shu)出(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，所以(yi)具有稳(wen)定(ding)输(shu)出(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)特性。在(zai)(zai)(zai)串联型稳(wen)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)工(gong)作过(guo)程(cheng)中，请求调(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)一直(zhi)处在(zai)(zai)(zai)放(fang)大状态。经过(guo)调(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)等于负(fu)(fu)载(zai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，因而必(bi)需(xu)选用(yong)恰(qia)当(dang)的(de)大功(gong)率管(guan)(guan)(guan)作调(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，并按(an)规则装置散热(re)安装。为了避(bi)免短路或长期过(guo)载(zai)烧坏调(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)稳(wen)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器中普(pu)通还设有短路维护和过(guo)载(zai)维护等电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。

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