20种摩托车(che)电(dian)路(lu)(lu)图(tu) 解析摩托车(che)各部件电(dian)路(lu)(lu)图(tu)和结构(gou)原(yuan)理 KIA MOS管
信息来(lai)源：本站(zhan) 日期：2018-04-20
摩托车电路图
充分(fen)(fen)了解(jie)摩(mo)托车(che)电(dian)子部件的(de)(de)种类、性(xing)能、特征、特性(xing)以及在电(dian)路中的(de)(de)符号(hao)、在电(dian)路中的(de)(de)作用(yong)和功能等，懂得哪(na)些参数会对(dui)电(dian)路性(xing)能和功能产生什么样(yang)的(de)(de)影(ying)响，为进一步(bu)熟悉(xi)了解(jie)“摩(mo)托车(che)电(dian)气部件”奠定了良好的(de)(de)基础，也就更容(rong)易深化自己(ji)对(dui)摩(mo)托车(che)整(zheng)车(che)控制性(xing)能的(de)(de)认(ren)知。下面详解(jie)各种电(dian)路分(fen)(fen)析
摩托(tuo)车充(chong)电(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)路图该充(chong)电(dian)(dian)器只利用了交(jiao)流(liu)电(dian)(dian)的正(zheng)半周充(chong)电(dian)(dian)，充(chong)电(dian)(dian)速度(du)较(jiao)快，且能延(yan)长电(dian)(dian)池寿命(ming)，在(zai)普通的么托(tuo)车上使用该充(chong)电(dian)(dian)器，性能极好，可(ke)省燃油5%左右，是一个实(shi)用的充(chong)电(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)路，此(ci)充(chong)电(dian)(dian)器的作(zuo)者(zhe)正(zheng)在(zai)使用中。
工作原理：（如上(shang)图）交(jiao)流电(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)同时(shi)(shi)加(jia)到D1和SCR，经过(guo)D1的半(ban)波整(zheng)流后通(tong)R1、R2、Q1、R3向(xiang)SCR提供触发电(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)，此时(shi)(shi)SCR给电(dian)池(chi)充电(dian)，当(dang)电(dian)池(chi)电(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)上(shang)升(sheng)至13.5V时(shi)(shi)ZD1导通(tong)，电(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)经过(guo)R5、D2向(xiang)Q2提供偏(pian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)，使Q2导通(tong)，Q1反偏(pian)截止，SCR停止输出，当(dang)电(dian)池(chi)电(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)低于13-13.5V时(shi)(shi)。
充(chong)电电路特(te)点:本充(chong)电器直接使用220V交流市电，通过(guo)触发电路的控制，实(shi)现其(qi)输出电压从0V起调，适(shi)合于对 12V－220V的蓄电池(chi)（组）充(chong)电。
工作原理 ：电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)工作原理见图1。由(you)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、触(chu)(chu)发电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)和主控电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)三部分组成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。220V市电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)经电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)开关S－S'、电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)变(bian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)T1降压(ya)(ya)(ya)后(hou)，由(you)二(er)极(ji)管VD1－VD4组成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)全波(bo)整流电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)整流，变(bian)为脉(mai)动(dong)直流电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。一路(lu)(lu)经电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻R1限(xian)流和稳(wen)(wen)(wen)压(ya)(ya)(ya)二(er)极(ji)管DW稳(wen)(wen)(wen)压(ya)(ya)(ya)，输送约(yue)18V的(de)(de)梯形(xing)(xing)波(bo)同步(bu)(bu)稳(wen)(wen)(wen)压(ya)(ya)(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，作为时基集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)NE555及其外围(wei)元件构(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)无(wu)稳(wen)(wen)(wen)态振荡(dang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)RC延时环(huan)节(jie)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)；另(ling)一路(lu)(lu)经过三端稳(wen)(wen)(wen)压(ya)(ya)(ya)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)IC1 AN7812送出12V稳(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)梯形(xing)(xing)波(bo)同步(bu)(bu)稳(wen)(wen)(wen)压(ya)(ya)(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)IC2的(de)(de)工作电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。触(chu)(chu)发电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)由(you)IC2 NE555及R2、R3、RP、C1、C2等元件构(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，振荡(dang)周(zhou)期小(xiao)于10ms固定(ding)不变(bian)，仅可(ke)改变(bian)输出矩形(xing)(xing)波(bo)占空比的(de)(de)无(wu)稳(wen)(wen)(wen)态振荡(dang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和R4、脉(mai)冲(chong)变(bian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)T2形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)触(chu)(chu)发脉(mai)冲(chong)。振荡(dang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)之所以(yi)采用18V和12V两路(lu)(lu)同步(bu)(bu)稳(wen)(wen)(wen)压(ya)(ya)(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，目(mu)的(de)(de)是增大输出矩形(xing)(xing)波(bo)的(de)(de)占空比，即(ji)增大触(chu)(chu)发脉(mai)冲(chong)的(de)(de)移相范(fan)围(wei)。本触(chu)(chu)发电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)移相范(fan)围(wei)大于120°，调节(jie)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)RP即(ji)可(ke)输出不同触(chu)(chu)发角的(de)(de)触(chu)(chu)发脉(mai)冲(chong)，从而达到(dao)控制可(ke)控硅VS导通(tong)角的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)。
摩托车(che)(che)尾(wei)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)加装(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)霓(ni)虹(hong)(hong)灯(deng)(deng)(deng)闪光器(qi)(qi)电路图与工作(zuo)原理：为摩托车(che)(che)尾(wei)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)加装(zhuang)(zhuang)如图所示(shi)的(de)(de)(de)霓(ni)虹(hong)(hong)灯(deng)(deng)(deng)闪光器(qi)(qi)，可以增加摩托车(che)(che)夜(ye)(ye)行(xing)时的(de)(de)(de)安全，引起尾(wei)随其后的(de)(de)(de)车(che)(che)辆注意，同时它也(ye)可在摩托车(che)(che)刹车(che)(che)时随着尾(wei)灯(deng)(deng)(deng)而闪烁。该装(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)可取一段长短(duan)恰能环绕车(che)(che)号牌(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)一周的(de)(de)(de)霓(ni)虹(hong)(hong)灯(deng)(deng)(deng)管，作(zuo)车(che)(che)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)的(de)(de)(de)夜(ye)(ye)行(xing)照明(ming)显示(shi)。VT1、VT2构成一个互补型的(de)(de)(de)无稳态多谐(xie)振荡器(qi)(qi)，BP1、C3决定了(le)振荡器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)频率，RP2上的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)号电压经VT3放大推动(dong)升压变(bian)压器(qi)(qi)T，这样在T的(de)(de)(de)次级感应(ying)出高(gao)压脉冲而使霓(ni)虹(hong)(hong)灯(deng)(deng)(deng)发光。
元器(qi)件(jian)选择(ze)：图中除已标明的(de)器(qi)件(jian)型号外，光(guang)敏电阻可选用(yong)M45系列，要(yao)求暗阻>1MΩ，而亮阻<10kΩ；脉冲变(bian)(bian)压器(qi)T可选取(qu)E12型磁芯MXQ-2000，初(chu)级(ji)(ji)用(yong)Φ0.51mm的(de)漆包(bao)线绕45匝，次级(ji)(ji)用(yong)Φ0.21mm的(de)高(gao)强度漆包(bao)线绕1500匝左右而成。若无绕制条件(jian)，也(ye)可用(yong)成品9V／3W以(yi)上的(de)电源变(bian)(bian)压器(qi)代用(yong)，将(jiang)其(qi)初(chu)次级(ji)(ji)反接，但(dan)使用(yong)效果(guo)较之上述的(de)专用(yong)高(gao)频变(bian)(bian)压器(qi)要(yao)差(cha)一些，这时还应选取(qu)击穿电压在200V左右的(de)霓虹灯管。
摩托车变色(se)闪光(guang)尾(wei)灯(deng)的电路(lu)如图所(suo)示。闪光(guang)尾(wei)灯(deng)由红、绿灯(deng)交叉组成。正常行驶时，红、绿灯(deng)按编程顺序(xu)流动发光(guang)。刹车时，所(suo)有绿灯(deng)熄(xi)灭，而所(suo)有红灯(deng)点(dian)亮。
摩托车工(gong)具箱用LED闪(shan)(shan)烁(shuo)板原理分析(xi)，当电(dian)源从1端(duan)接(jie)入时V2导通(tong)，IC2得电(dian)工(gong)作(zuo)。CD4017构(gou)成(cheng)六进计(ji)数器(qi)，其时钟脉冲由IC1组成(cheng)的(de)多谐振(zhen)荡(dang)器(qi)提供。由于2端(duan)没有加(jia)电(dian)，V1截止使LED只受(shou)IC2控制(zhi)，闪(shan)(shan)光(guang)效(xiao)果为(wei)从中(zhong)间向两边巡(xun)回点亮。振(zhen)荡(dang)频(pin)率由R2、R3、C3决定(ding)，闪(shan)(shan)烁(shuo)较(jiao)快。当电(dian)源由2端(duan)接(jie)入时，V2截止，V1导通(tong)，IC2不(bu)工(gong)作(zuo)，LED受(shou)IC1输出(chu)控制(zhi)。由于D3导通(tong)，IC1的(de)振(zhen)荡(dang)频(pin)率由R2、R3、C2、C3决定(ding)，闪(shan)(shan)烁(shuo)较(jiao)慢。闪(shan)(shan)光(guang)效(xiao)果为(wei)整排LED一起亮。
工作(zuo)原理:为摩(mo)托车(che)(che)尾(wei)牌(pai)加(jia)装如图所示的(de)(de)(de)(de)霓虹(hong)灯闪光器(qi)，可以增加(jia)摩(mo)托车(che)(che)夜(ye)行时的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全，引(yin)起尾(wei)随其后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)车(che)(che)辆注意(yi)，同时它也可在(zai)摩(mo)托车(che)(che)刹车(che)(che)时随着尾(wei)灯而(er)闪烁。该装置可取一(yi)(yi)段长(zhang)短恰能(neng)环(huan)绕车(che)(che)号(hao)牌(pai)一(yi)(yi)周的(de)(de)(de)(de)霓虹(hong)灯管(guan)，作(zuo)车(che)(che)牌(pai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)夜(ye)行照明显(xian)示。VT1、VT2构成一(yi)(yi)个互补型的(de)(de)(de)(de)无稳(wen)态多谐振荡器(qi)，BP1、C3决定了振荡器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)频率，RP2上的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)号(hao)电压经VT3放大推(tui)动升压变压器(qi)T，这样在(zai)T的(de)(de)(de)(de)次(ci)级感应出高(gao)压脉冲而(er)使霓虹(hong)灯发(fa)光。
电(dian)(dian)路原理如图所示:S1是电(dian)(dian)源开关(guan)(guan),由车(che)锁控(kong)制,S2为原刹车(che)灯控(kong)制开关(guan)(guan)。闭合开关(guan)(guan)S1,由于电(dian)(dian)容C1两(liang)端(duan)的电(dian)(dian)压不能(neng)突变,IC的②脚为低(di)电(dian)(dian)平(ping),刹车(che)灯H亮,几秒钟后(hou),由于C1被放(fang)电(dian)(dian),使IC的②脚电(dian)(dian)压高于1.6V时,灯H熄灭。当行驶中的摩托车(che)遇到情况减(jian)速或停车(che)时,开关(guan)(guan)S2闭合将C1两(liang)端(duan)短(duan)路放(fang)电(dian)(dian),使开关(guan)(guan)IC的②脚变成低(di)电(dian)(dian)平(ping),刹车(che)灯H随即被点亮,S2复位后(hou),H须(xu)延(yan)时几秒钟后(hou)才能(neng)熄灭。
摩托车(che)防盗(dao)报(bao)警(jing)器(qi)原理(li)图中(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)个(ge)555集成(cheng)电(dian)(dian)路在单稳态定时(shi)器(qi)电(dian)(dian)路相连(lian)，它在一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)段预设的时(shi)间段内开(kai)启(qi)了场效应(ying)晶(jing)体(ti)管和警(jing)报(bao)器(qi)或自(zi)行(xing)车(che)喇叭圈。开(kai)关(guan)S1是(shi)用(yong)作开(kai)启(qi)/关(guan)闭(bi)开(kai)关(guan)。无论关(guan)闭(bi)两个(ge)开(kai)关(guan)中(zhong)的任(ren)何(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)个(ge)，S2和S3，都将会触发集成(cheng)电(dian)(dian)路。当任(ren)何(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)个(ge)关(guan)闭(bi)的时(shi)候，UI的引脚2变低电(dian)(dian)平(ping)。
发(fa)射(she)(she)机(ji)(ji)部分：继电器K和(he)(he)可控硅VS用来(lai)控制发(fa)射(she)(she)机(ji)(ji)电路(lu)的(de)(de)电源。IC1组(zu)(zu)成(cheng)警(jing)(jing)声信号电路(lu)。晶体管V及其外(wai)围元件(jian)组(zu)(zu)成(cheng)射(she)(she)频(pin)(pin)振荡电路(lu)，发(fa)射(she)(she)报(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)信号。在等待状态时(shi)，开关(guan)S1接(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)，而SB1断(duan)(duan)(duan)开（即(ji)车头锁被锁住），K就处在释放(fang)(fang)状态，报(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)发(fa)射(she)(she)机(ji)(ji)不(bu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。当(dang)车头锁被打(da)开时(shi)（即(ji)SB1接(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)），VS被触发(fa)导通(tong)，K吸(xi)合，接(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)发(fa)射(she)(she)机(ji)(ji)电源。SB1接(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)后，K－2的(de)(de)常开点将其自(zi)锁，此时(shi)只有断(duan)(duan)(duan)开S1报(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)方能结束。在K动作(zuo)(zuo)时(shi)，其常闭触点K－l断(duan)(duan)(duan)开，切断(duan)(duan)(duan)发(fa)动机(ji)(ji)点火电路(lu)。接(jie)(jie)(jie)收机(ji)(ji)电路(lu)由TDA7010和(he)(he)开关(guan)功放(fang)(fang)TWH8778、TWH68组(zu)(zu)成(cheng)。当(dang)IC2 收到报(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)信号时(shi)其互脚的(de)(de)高电平通(tong)过IC3经IC4放(fang)(fang)大(da)由TWH15放(fang)(fang)出报(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)声。但要(yao)(yao)考(kao)虑到频(pin)(pin)率(lv)的(de)(de)稳(wen)定(ding)性，因为7010自(zi)身(shen)没有频(pin)(pin)率(lv)稳(wen)定(ding)电路(lu)，在工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)时(shi)要(yao)(yao)多(duo)作(zuo)(zuo)检测，最(zui)好用印制板和(he)(he)贴片元件(jian)。
本装置电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路如(ru)图所(suo)示。磁电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机输(shu)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)经二极(ji)管(guan)Ｄ１～Ｄ６整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)后(hou)变(bian)成脉动直流(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)两路输(shu)出(chu)。一路由Ｑ１、Ｑ２、Ｑ３、Ｒ１、Ｒ７、ＤＷ１，以及Ｃ２组成的(de)(de)(de)典型晶体(ti)管(guan)串联稳压(ya)(ya)(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路稳压(ya)(ya)(ya)后(hou)输(shu)出(chu)１６Ｖ电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)，经Ｄ８给(ji)蓄(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；另一路经Ｄ７隔离后(hou)由Ｃ１滤波、ＩＣ１稳压(ya)(ya)(ya)得到(dao)１２Ｖ直流(liu)(liu)稳定电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)对运(yun)算(suan)放大(da)器(qi)ＩＣ２供电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，并且经电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)Ｒ６接至(zhi)(zhi)ＩＣ２的(de)(de)(de)②脚(jiao)作(zuo)基(ji)准电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)，蓄(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)经Ｒ４、Ｒ５分(fen)压(ya)(ya)(ya)后(hou)送至(zhi)(zhi)ＩＣ２的(de)(de)(de)③脚(jiao)作(zuo)为(wei)比(bi)(bi)较电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)。当(dang)蓄(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)(di)于１４。４Ｖ时(shi)，加至(zhi)(zhi)ＩＣ２③脚(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)较电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)比(bi)(bi)②脚(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)１２Ｖ基(ji)准电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)(di)，运(yun)算(suan)放大(da)器(qi)输(shu)出(chu)低(di)(di)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平，Ｑ４截(jie)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，Ｑ１～Ｑ３正常工作(zuo)输(shu)出(chu)１６Ｖ电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)。当(dang)蓄(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)于１４。４Ｖ时(shi)，ＩＣ２的(de)(de)(de)③脚(jiao)比(bi)(bi)较电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)于②脚(jiao)基(ji)准电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)，ＩＣ２输(shu)出(chu)高(gao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平，Ｑ４饱和导(dao)通，分(fen)流(liu)(liu)掉流(liu)(liu)入Ｑ３基(ji)极(ji)的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，从而造成Ｑ１Ｑ２的(de)(de)(de)输(shu)出(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)大(da)幅下降，Ｄ８截(jie)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，停止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)向蓄(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和向电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)供电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。此时(shi)，车(che)上的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)均由蓄(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)供电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。当(dang)蓄(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)再(zai)次低(di)(di)于１４。４Ｖ时(shi)，则ＩＣ２又输(shu)出(chu)低(di)(di)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平，Ｑ１、Ｑ２又正常输(shu)出(chu)。显然，当(dang)蓄(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)满电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)时(shi)，磁电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机几(ji)乎工作(zuo)在空载状态(tai)，而不像常规的(de)(de)(de)硅整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)稳压(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)那样处于大(da)负荷(he)短(duan)路状态(tai)，这就达到(dao)了(le)节(jie)能的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)Ｒ３为(wei)ＩＣ２的(de)(de)(de)正反馈电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，Ｒ７用于在Ｑ１Ｑ２截(jie)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)给(ji)蓄(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)进行涓流(liu)(liu)充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，Ｄ９的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用是保证某些(xie)运(yun)算(suan)放大(da)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)微量零漂输(shu)出(chu)不至(zhi)(zhi)于导(dao)致Ｑ４导(dao)通，而产(chan)生误动作(zuo)。
此6v转12v电(dian)路是(shi)一个简(jian)单的(de)电(dian)路图(tu)，可以(yi)提供高(gao)达800mA 12V电(dian)源。适用(yong)于摩托车音(yin)响等简(jian)单的(de)电(dian)路中。通过修改电(dian)路中的(de)一些元件(jian)，可以(yi)改变(bian)不同的(de)输出电(dian)压(ya)。
1、L1电感为直径(jing)为0.5mm漆包线,80匝(za)，外径(jing)40毫(hao)米环(huan)形磁(ci)芯。
2、D3的(de)值不(bu)同(tong)可(ke)(ke)以被(bei)用来(lai)调整从约0.6V至(zhi)30V的(de)左右(you)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)输出电(dian)压。请注意，在高电(dian)压的(de)电(dian)路可(ke)(ke)能电(dian)流(liu)提供不(bu)足(zu)。
3、C3可用一个(ge)较(jiao)大的值，以(yi)提供更(geng)好的滤波。
电(dian)路(lu)中与非门(men)A2A、A2B和(he)电(dian)阻(zu)R1及C3组(zu)(zu)成(cheng)高(gao)(gao)频(pin)(pin)(pin)振(zhen)(zhen)荡(dang)(dang)器，其输(shu)出(chu)(chu)接(jie)在(zai)(zai)V2的基(ji)极；A2C、A2D、R2、C4组(zu)(zu)成(cheng)低频(pin)(pin)(pin)振(zhen)(zhen)荡(dang)(dang)器，控制与非门(men)A2A的一(yi)个(ge)输(shu)入(ru)端1的电(dian)平(ping)。当低频(pin)(pin)(pin)振(zhen)(zhen)荡(dang)(dang)器输(shu)出(chu)(chu)端10脚为(wei)高(gao)(gao)电(dian)平(ping)时，A2A打开(kai)，高(gao)(gao)频(pin)(pin)(pin)振(zhen)(zhen)荡(dang)(dang)器起振(zhen)(zhen)，A2A信(xin)号加在(zai)(zai)V2的基(ji)极，使其工(gong)作(zuo)在(zai)(zai)开(kai)关状态。V2的发(fa)射极接(jie)到高(gao)(gao)频(pin)(pin)(pin)变压(ya)器T的一(yi)次(ci)线圈，在(zai)(zai)其二次(ci)侧产(chan)生一(yi)系(xi)列高(gao)(gao)频(pin)(pin)(pin)脉冲信(xin)号。该信(xin)号触发(fa)双向(xiang)(xiang)晶闸管V3导(dao)通。当低频(pin)(pin)(pin)振(zhen)(zhen)荡(dang)(dang)器输(shu)出(chu)(chu)端为(wei)低电(dian)平(ping)时，A2A的输(shu)出(chu)(chu)端3为(wei)高(gao)(gao)电(dian)平(ping)，V2、V3截(jie)止(zhi)。当低频(pin)(pin)(pin)振(zhen)(zhen)荡(dang)(dang)器输(shu)出(chu)(chu)端又变为(wei)高(gao)(gao)电(dian)平(ping)时，V3又变为(wei)导(dao)通。这样周而复始(shi)地振(zhen)(zhen)荡(dang)(dang)下去，V3将断(duan)续导(dao)通。如(ru)转(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)开(kai)关S打到左（L）或(huo)右（R）位置时，由(you)于(yu)V3的断(duan)续导(dao)通，使得转(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)灯也断(duan)续发(fa)光而产(chan)生闪光效果。若在(zai)(zai)V3的阴极或(huo)阳极并联(lian)一(yi)个(ge)扬声器，则在(zai)(zai)转(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)时可发(fa)出(chu)(chu)声响(xiang)，并提醒驾驶员在(zai)(zai)转(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)后(hou)不要忘记关闭转(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)灯。
摩托车电(dian)子喇(la)叭(ba)一(yi)般是(shi)使(shi)用(yong)电(dian)磁振(zhen)(zhen)动式的，其内部有一(yi)组线(xian)圈。通电(dian)后产(chan)生磁场，吸(xi)合振(zhen)(zhen)动膜发声，它(ta)的优点是(shi)结构简单。但是(shi)其工作(zuo)电(dian)流大(da)，一(yi)般最(zui)小工作(zuo)电(dian)流也达1.5A，而(er)另(ling)加装的高(gao)低音蜗耳式喇(la)叭(ba)，工作(zuo)电(dian)流高(gao)达3A，使(shi)用(yong)时对喇(la)叭(ba)开关及线(xian)路(lu)易造(zao)成(cheng)损(sun)坏，下面介绍一(yi)种低功耗高(gao)响度电(dian)子喇(la)叭(ba)。
电路(lu)如图所(suo)(suo)示(shi)。NE555构(gou)成音频振荡器电路(lu)，音频信号经其3脚输出，直接耦合(he)(he)至由三(san)极(ji)管(guan)(guan) VT1、VT2、VT3构(gou)成的复(fu)合(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)功(gong)放电路(lu)进(jin)行放大，然(ran)后推动喇叭Y发声(sheng)，因(yin)功(gong)放采用(yong)三(san)管(guan)(guan)复(fu)合(he)(he)放大，故其放大倍数很(hen)大，所(suo)(suo)以该电路(lu)耗电省，响度高(gao)，达到(dao)122dB，经测定，其工作(zuo)电流小于0.5A。
制作时，喇叭Y用4Ω、5W以上的(de)小(xiao)口(kou)径高(gao)音动(dong)圈式(shi)电(dian)喇叭，如(ru)能找到动(dong)圈式(shi)号筒形警笛喇叭则效果会更(geng)好(hao)；调节R 可改(gai)变(bian)Y的(de)发音效果。也可通过改(gai)变(bian)C1的(de)值来实现。注(zhu)意Y要(yao)安装于防水处。
有(you)人(ren)动车(che)时，振动传感器ZC接到振动信(xin)号，经(jing)IC1D放(fang)大，再(zai)通过 C3、R7组成的(de)(de)微(wei)分(fen)电(dian)路(lu)(lu)，将(jiang)低电(dian)平(ping)信(xin)号耦(ou)合到IC1C的(de)(de)输(shu)(shu)人(ren)端(duan)(duan)，输(shu)(shu)出(chu)端(duan)(duan)输(shu)(shu)出(chu)高电(dian)平(ping)“l”，通过R8为四声集(ji)成电(dian)路(lu)(lu)IC2提(ti)(ti)供电(dian)源，IC2发出(chu)的(de)(de)警(jing)(jing)报(bao)声经(jing)V2的(de)(de)推动，再(zai)经(jing)V5功率放(fang)大发出(chu)声音。同(tong)时，10脚的(de)(de)“1”信(xin)号通过D2将(jiang)12脚置于“l”封锁了输(shu)(shu)人(ren)端(duan)(duan)，因此IC1D可以(yi)保持11脚输(shu)(shu)出(chu)低电(dian)平(ping)“0”。C3、R6组成微(wei)分(fen)电(dian)路(lu)(lu)，随(sui)着时间的(de)(de)延长，8、9脚的(de)(de)电(dian)位升高，当(dang)升高到IC1C的(de)(de)输(shu)(shu)人(ren)阈值时，IC1C 翻转，输(shu)(shu)出(chu)“0”，警(jing)(jing)报(bao)声停止，进人(ren)警(jing)(jing)戒状态。引线3接车(che)钥匙(chi)提(ti)(ti)供的(de)(de)正电(dian)源。引线4接喇(la)叭开关。
如附图所示(shi)。通电复(fu)位，电路进入工作状态。液晶显(xian)示(shi)屏显(xian)示(shi)“892051”字样。3秒钟后，前(qian)两位显(xian)示(shi)当(dang)前(qian)车速(su)，后四位显(xian)示(shi)当(dang)前(qian)车里(li)程。按(an)(an)下(xia)K1夜灯点亮，以方便驾驶员(yuan)在夜行(xing)时看时速(su)表，再(zai)次按(an)(an)下(xia)Kl则(ze)关(guan)闭(bi)夜灯；按(an)(an)下(xia)K2则(ze)里(li)程表清(qing)零。
摩托(tuo)(tuo)车(che)在(zai)行驶时(shi)(shi)，安装在(zai)摩托(tuo)(tuo)车(che)轮毂(gu)上的(de)(de)四片(pian)磁(ci)(ci)极(ji)跟着车(che)轮一(yi)起转动，当磁(ci)(ci)极(ji)经过安装在(zai)磁(ci)(ci)极(ji)运行轨道附(fu)近的(de)(de)霍尔磁(ci)(ci)传(chuan)感(gan)器（IC4）时(shi)(shi)，磁(ci)(ci)传(chuan)感(gan)器②脚电(dian)平就会(hui)输出脉(mai)冲信号。这一(yi)脉(mai)冲信号即是(shi)车(che)轮转动的(de)(de)频率信号。由于(yu)N、S磁(ci)(ci)极(ji)各感(gan)应(ying)磁(ci)(ci)传(chuan)感(gan)器一(yi)次，其②脚电(dian)平就变化一(yi)次。所(suo)以从磁(ci)(ci)传(chuan)感(gan)器上获得的(de)(de)频率实际是(shi)摩托(tuo)(tuo)车(che)车(che)轮转动频率的(de)(de)两(liang)倍。
从磁传感器②脚输出的(de)(de)两倍转速(su)频率信号先送(song)至Q2进行放大，再经(jing)由两个与(yu)非门构成(cheng)的(de)(de)触(chu)发器送(song)至单片机AT89C205l的(de)(de)P3.4脚进行频率计数，从而得出当前摩托(tuo)(tuo)车(che)时(shi)速(su)。设摩托(tuo)(tuo)车(che)车(che)轮的(de)(de)周(zhou)长为(wei)L，所测得的(de)(de)频率为(wei)N，则当前摩托(tuo)(tuo)车(che)的(de)(de)时(shi)速(su)V=（N/2）×Lx3.6km/h。
上图(tu)和下图(tu)是(shi)两(liang)种点(dian)火器电路(lu)，其基本原理(li)都是(shi)由(you)主点(dian)火线(xian)圈(quan)L1向(xiang)C1充电，控制线(xian)圈(quan)L2触(chu)发可控硅，使C1向(xiang)L3放电，由(you)L4感应(ying)出高压完成(cheng)点(dian)火。
上图(tu)是一种自动跟踪电(dian)路。L2产生的相位(wei)脉冲由IC(2)脚输入，再由IC(1)脚输出。IC(12)、(13)脚及(ji)其外围元件设定的积分电(dian)压(ya)(ya)波形与内部进角(jiao)电(dian)压(ya)(ya)波形比较。控制进角(jiao)开(kai)关开(kai)通(tong)。
因(yin)此，IC(10)脚输出的信(xin)号会跟踪发动(dong)机转速(su)度变(bian)化而自(zi)动(dong)调整点火提前(qian)。但这(zhei)一(yi)电路在国产摩托车实际应用(yong)中(zhong)故障率(lv)高(gao)。原(yuan)因(yin)是点火器(qi)塑(su)料盒(he)子体积小，长宽只有6.5cm×3.2cm，所(suo)以元件(jian)排列(lie)密度大，加(jia)上国产小型化元件(jian)离散性大。很(hen)多(duo)(duo)这(zhei)种点火器(qi)在工作一(yi)至两年(nian)后(hou)出现车子打火难和(he)马力下降等现象。此外，这(zhei)种电路元器(qi)件(jian)多(duo)(duo)、成本高(gao)，不适(shi)合读者制作和(he)生产。
掌(zhang)握摩托车(che)电(dian)路(lu)故障的检查方法，首先要了解摩托车(che)电(dian)路(lu)的结构(gou)特点：
a）用(yong)(yong)电设备(bei)的各工(gong)作部分均(jun)与电源设备(bei)并联，开(kai)关则串联于二者之间。在开(kai)关的控(kong)制下，相应地各个用(yong)(yong)电设备(bei)可以互不干扰地停止或恢(hui)复工(gong)作。根据这(zhei)一特(te)点，在一般情(qing)况下，可以方便地单独检(jian)查(cha)某个用(yong)(yong)电设备(bei)是否正常工(gong)作。
b）在用电(dian)设(she)备与电(dian)源设(she)备的连(lian)接(jie)中，均采取“单线制”，即并联连(lian)接(jie)的一(yi)端(duan)(duan)用导(dao)线连(lian)接(jie)（称火线），另一(yi)端(duan)(duan)则借助于摩托车的金(jin)属(shu)车体进行(xing)连(lian)接(jie)（称搭铁(tie)端(duan)(duan)或接(jie)地(di)端(duan)(duan)）。根据电(dian)源设(she)备（如蓄电(dian)池(chi)）搭铁(tie)端(duan)(duan)极(ji)性(xing)的不同，电(dian)气系统有正极(ji)搭铁(tie)与负(fu)极(ji)搭铁(tie)之(zhi)分。
c）低(di)压电路(lu)中的(de)连接(jie)导(dao)线(xian)(xian)均采用规(gui)定颜(yan)色(se)(se)的(de)单色(se)(se)线(xian)(xian)或双色(se)(se)线(xian)(xian)。在(zai)直接(jie)连接(jie)的(de)电路(lu)中通(tong)常采用相同颜(yan)色(se)(se)的(de)导(dao)线(xian)(xian)，在(zai)间接(jie)连接(jie)的(de)电路(lu)中则采用不同颜(yan)色(se)(se)的(de)导(dao)线(xian)(xian)。根据这一特点(dian)，可以(yi)比较方(fang)便(bian)地查找电路(lu)连接(jie)的(de)故障(zhang)。
d）在电路连(lian)(lian)接(jie)中广泛采用插接(jie)器，这在维护和(he)检修时，可方便地断开或恢(hui)复连(lian)(lian)接(jie)。
a）电(dian)路(lu)断路(lu)。电(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)的连(lian)接点接触(chu)不良、电(dian)流时通时断，是断路(lu)故障初始阶段的表现。
b）电路(lu)短(duan)路(lu)。因摩托车(che)电路(lu)为单(dan)线制，故短(duan)路(lu)通常是由导线（即(ji)火(huo)线）直接与车(che)体（即(ji)地线）连通所引起，所以短(duan)路(lu)也被称作搭(da)铁(tie)或(huo)碰铁(tie)。
c）电路的(de)连(lian)接有误(wu)。误(wu)接有2种情(qing)况：1)应连(lian)通(tong)的(de)电路未连(lian)通(tong)；2)不应连(lian)通(tong)的(de)电路被(bei)连(lian)通(tong)，其故障现(xian)象比(bi)较复杂，需视(shi)具(ju)体情(qing)况而定。
d）电(dian)气设备(bei)失(shi)调。在电(dian)源设备(bei)和用电(dian)设备(bei)上(shang)，有些部(bu)件(jian)或某(mou)些部(bu)位(wei)需进行适(shi)当(dang)调整。当(dang)某(mou)一部(bu)件(jian)或部(bu)位(wei)（有时是多个）严(yan)重失(shi)调或调整不(bu)当(dang)时，即会影响电(dian)气系统(tong)的正常工作。
e）电气设备(bei)损坏(huai)(huai)。设备(bei)正常损坏(huai)(huai)原因是某些易损的零部件超过(guo)了规定使用(yong)(yong)(yong)期，在使用(yong)(yong)(yong)期内造成电气设备(bei)过(guo)早损坏(huai)(huai)的原因，除了所(suo)(suo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)零部件制造质量(liang)不(bu)佳，大多使用(yong)(yong)(yong)维护或安(an)装调(diao)整不(bu)当所(suo)(suo)致。
电(dian)(dian)气系统出现(xian)故(gu)障(zhang)时，首选应注意(yi)观察故(gu)障(zhang)的表现(xian)，并根(gen)据故(gu)障(zhang)表现(xian)进行分析，以初步确定故(gu)障(zhang)原(yuan)因和故(gu)障(zhang)范围。当个别(bie)用电(dian)(dian)设(she)备工作不(bu)正(zheng)常时，通常不(bu)需(xu)检(jian)(jian)查(cha)电(dian)(dian)源(yuan)设(she)备。当某一(yi)供(gong)电(dian)(dian)回路时的全(quan)部用电(dian)(dian)设(she)备均不(bu)能正(zheng)常工作时，则需(xu)从(cong)电(dian)(dian)源(yuan)设(she)备开始逐步逐段查(cha)找(zhao)故(gu)障(zhang)原(yuan)因和部位。查(cha)找(zhao)时，应遵(zun)循先(xian)易后(hou)难、先(xian)外后(hou)里、先(xian)简后(hou)繁(fan)的原(yuan)则，可少走(zou)弯路，有效地提高(gao)故(gu)障(zhang)诊断(duan)(duan)效率(lv)。一(yi)般(ban)情况下，可先(xian)检(jian)(jian)查(cha)电(dian)(dian)路中有无断(duan)(duan)路、短路或连接有误等(deng)现(xian)象，然后(hou)再检(jian)(jian)查(cha)电(dian)(dian)气设(she)备是否(fou)失调或损(sun)坏(huai)。
a）短(duan)接(jie)(jie)试验(yan)。方法是(shi)：用(yong)一根(gen)导线(xian)，将(jiang)(jiang)怀疑有(you)断(duan)(duan)路(lu)现象的(de)导线(xian)短(duan)接(jie)(jie)。若(ruo)短(duan)接(jie)(jie)前(qian)该(gai)供(gong)电回(hui)路(lu)不(bu)工作(zuo)，短(duan)接(jie)(jie)试验(yan)时该(gai)供(gong)电回(hui)路(lu)中的(de)用(yong)电设备(bei)工作(zuo)正(zheng)常，则表明该(gai)供(gong)电回(hui)路(lu)存有(you)断(duan)(duan)路(lu)故(gu)障(zhang)。此(ci)试验(yan)不(bu)可将(jiang)(jiang)电气设备(bei)短(duan)接(jie)(jie)，否(fou)则，可能造成电源(yuan)(yuan)短(duan)路(lu)或(huo)电气设备(bei)的(de)工况被破坏。开关和(he)熔断(duan)(duan)器因(yin)串(chuan)联于电源(yuan)(yuan)设备(bei)与用(yong)电设备(bei)之间，且在工作(zuo)时内(nei)部呈连通(tong)状(zhuang)，故(gu)可作(zuo)短(duan)接(jie)(jie)试验(yan)。例(li)如，当怀疑开关的(de)某一对触(chu)点不(bu)能闭合或(huo)闭合接(jie)(jie)触(chu)不(bu)良时，可将(jiang)(jiang)两触(chu)点作(zuo)短(duan)接(jie)(jie)试验(yan)，以判断(duan)(duan)其技术状(zhuang)况。若(ruo)短(duan)接(jie)(jie)后该(gai)线(xian)路(lu)恢复(fu)正(zheng)常，即可断(duan)(duan)定两触(chu)点存有(you)技术缺陷，可对其作(zuo)进(jin)一步(bu)检查。
b）用指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)灯检查(cha)。用一与(yu)(yu)电(dian)源设备额定(ding)电(dian)压相(xiang)(xiang)同，功率在3W左(zuo)右(you)的小灯泡作指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)灯，上焊2根(gen)导线(xian)。检查(cha)时，指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)灯的一根(gen)导线(xian)与(yu)(yu)车体(ti)搭(da)(da)铁(tie)，另一根(gen)导线(xian)沿供电(dian)主电(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)与(yu)(yu)分电(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)依次(ci)与(yu)(yu)各(ge)火线(xian)接点相(xiang)(xiang)接。若(ruo)线(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)正(zheng)常(chang)，指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)灯均应发光(guang)。否则，表(biao)明(ming)在指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)灯发光(guang)与(yu)(yu)不发光(guang)的两个被测点之间(jian)有断(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)现象。对(dui)搭(da)(da)铁(tie)回路(lu)(lu)(lu)的检测，应使(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)灯的一根(gen)导线(xian)与(yu)(yu)供电(dian)设备的火线(xian)相(xiang)(xiang)接，另一端分别(bie)与(yu)(yu)各(ge)搭(da)(da)铁(tie)接点相(xiang)(xiang)接，指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)灯均应发光(guang)。否则，表(biao)明(ming)被测搭(da)(da)铁(tie)接点断(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)。
c）用万(wan)(wan)用表(biao)检查(cha)。利(li)用万(wan)(wan)用表(biao)电压(ya)档(dang)检测(ce)各火线接(jie)点与(yu)搭铁(tie)端电压(ya)，当万(wan)(wan)用表(biao)表(biao)针(zhen)指(zhi)示为0时，表(biao)明被(bei)测(ce)火线接(jie)点与(yu)电源的连(lian)(lian)接(jie)有断(duan)路(lu)现象。当指(zhi)示值与(yu)正常(chang)的供电电压(ya)相比有明显低落时，表(biao)明电路(lu)有接(jie)触不(bu)良或短路(lu)等(deng)故(gu)障。利(li)用万(wan)(wan)用表(biao)R×1Ω档(dang)检测(ce)直接(jie)连(lian)(lian)通的电路(lu)，其(qi)限值应近(jin)于0。否则，表(biao)明有接(jie)触不(bu)良或断(duan)路(lu)故(gu)障（断(duan)路(lu)时电阻值为无穷大）。检测(ce)时，应使(shi)被(bei)测(ce)电路(lu)与(yu)其(qi)它电路(lu)的连(lian)(lian)接(jie)脱开。
a）断(duan)开(kai)试验。用(yong)(yong)电(dian)设备有短路(lu)现(xian)象会影响同一供电(dian)电(dian)路(lu)中各用(yong)(yong)电(dian)设备的正(zheng)常(chang)工作。将怀疑(yi)有短路(lu)现(xian)象的电(dian)路(lu)与(yu)电(dian)源连接断(duan)开(kai)后，若其(qi)余(yu)用(yong)(yong)电(dian)设备恢复正(zheng)常(chang)工作状态，则表明断(duan)开(kai)的电(dian)路(lu)中有短路(lu)。
b）用(yong)(yong)万(wan)用(yong)(yong)表(biao)检(jian)查。将怀疑短路(lu)的电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)与(yu)(yu)供(gong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源脱开，用(yong)(yong)万(wan)用(yong)(yong)表(biao)欧(ou)(ou)姆(mu)档检(jian)测(ce)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)对车(che)体（搭铁）的电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，若被测(ce)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)气设备与(yu)(yu)车(che)体不连(lian)通，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)为无穷大；若被测(ce)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)某一电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)气设备与(yu)(yu)车(che)体连(lian)接，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值(zhi)明(ming)显(xian)小于电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)气设备的内阻(zu)值(zhi)，表(biao)明(ming)有短路(lu)。用(yong)(yong)万(wan)用(yong)(yong)表(biao)欧(ou)(ou)姆(mu)档检(jian)测(ce)时(shi)，应使电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源设备停(ting)止工(gong)作(zuo)，以免(mian)损坏万(wan)用(yong)(yong)表(biao)。
a）电(dian)路(lu)连(lian)接有误，可依据(ju)电(dian)路(lu)图(tu)，对(dui)维护或检修时曾(ceng)变动过(guo)的电(dian)路(lu)进(jin)行查对(dui)并予纠正；
b）对电气设备失调(diao)(diao)，可(ke)严格按(an)技术要求重(zhong)新调(diao)(diao)整，必要时(shi)请有(you)经验(yan)的维修人员(yuan)予以指(zhi)导；
c）电气设备是否损(sun)坏，可用换件(jian)法帮助判断。若更换怀疑有故障(zhang)的部(bu)件(jian)后，电气设备恢复正常工作(zuo)，则表明该(gai)部(bu)件(jian)存在故障(zhang)。
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